Transcript for:
Essential Spanish Grammar Overview

Sustantivos y Artículos: * What vowel do nouns end with that are usually masculine? * What vowel do nouns end with that are usually feminine? * Can nouns that end in -a be masculine, and nouns that end in -o be feminine? * What “gender” are nouns that end in -dad, -tad, -tud, -iόn, -umbre, and -ie (usually)? * What “gender” are nouns that end in a consonant? * To make a noun, that ends in a vowel, plural- you add what? * To make a noun, that ends in a consonant, plural- you add what? * If a noun ends in z, what do you have to do to make it plural? Adjetivos: * Do adjectives have to agree with the noun they are referring to? * How do you make an adjective that ends in a vowel plural? * How do you make an adjective that ends in a consonant plural? * What do you do if an adjective ends in -z and you need to make it plural? * Will some adjectives be the same in the masculine and feminine form? * If an adjective modifies both masculine and feminine nouns and goes after the series of nouns, which form should it take? * If an adjective modifies both masculine and feminine nouns and goes before the series of nouns, which form should it take? * To distinguish a noun between others of its class, the adjective goes where? * What do you do to the following adjectives when they go before a masculine singular noun: uno, bueno, malo, primero, tercero, alguno, ninguno? Personal “a”: * What are the four times we use the personal “a”? * What are the two exceptions? Por vs Para: * What are the uses for “por”? * What are the uses for “para”? B. Complementos Directos (Completen la información que falta) * A direct object receives the ________ of the verb and usually goes ________ the verb. * A direct object pronoun replaces a ________ . * The direct object pronouns in Spanish are ____, ____, ____ or ____, ____, ____, y ____ or ____. me= me nos= us te= you os= you(guys) lo= him,it (m), you los= them, you (pl) la= her, it (f), you las= them (only f), you (pl fem) * In Spanish, the direct object pronoun goes before a ______________ or attached to an ______________, ______________, or ______________. C. IOP- Indirect Object Pronoun (Completen la información que falta) * An indirect object answers ______ or ______ receives the __________ of the verb and usually goes __________ the verb. * An indirect object can usually be identified in Spanish by looking for ________ or ______. * An indirect object pronoun replaces an __________ ______________. * The indirect object pronouns in Spanish are _____, _______, ______, _________, _______, y ________. me= to/for me nos= to/for us te= to/for you os= to/for you(guys) le= to/for him, her, it, you les= to/for them, you(pl) * In Spanish, the indirect object pronoun goes before a _____________ _______________ or attached to an ___________ or a ______________. * In Spanish, we also use an ___________ ____________ ______________ with the following verbs: gustar, encantar, doler, interesar, aburrir, fascinar, etc.* They can only be conjugated ________ ways. Gustar= to like me gusta/ me gustan Interesar= to interest me interesa/ me interesan Parecer= to appear me parece/ me parecen Doler= to hurt me duele/ me duelen Aburrir= to bore me aburre/ me aburren Importar= to be important to me importa/ me importan Encantar= to love me encanta/ me encantan Fascinar= to fascinate me fascina/ me fascinan Molestar= to bother me molesta/ me molestan D. Double Object Pronouns (Completen la información que falta) * When using both indirect and direct object pronouns, the following is the order of the pronouns: _____ + _______ + __________ * When ______ or __________ is followed by lo/la/los/las, _____ and _____ gets changed to _______. E. Pretérito (Completen la información que falta) Uso: To emphasize the start or completion of a past action, event, or state; To narrate past actions that occurred within a delimited time period or that were repeated a number of times; To narrate a sequence of completed past actions; To summarize opinion, attitude, and beliefs about past physical and mental states, actions, and events. Conjugación: (Write the endings of the conjugations) -ar verbos yo tú él/ella/ud nosotros vosotros ellos/ellas/uds -er/ir, verbos yo tú él/ella/ud nosotros vosotros ellos/ellas/uds Uso: To provide background information, such as weather and time, in which events or actions evolved or occurred in the past; To describe actions in progress in the past without emphasis on when they started or ended; To express repetitive or habitual actions in the past- “used to”; To describe things or people (emotions, opinions, attitudes, or beliefs); To anticipate what was going to happen with “ir a + infinitive” (ej: iba a jugar); To describe one’s age in the past. Conjugacion: (Write the endings of the conjugations) -ar verbos yo tú él/ella/ud nosotros vosotros ellos/ellas/uds -er/ir, verbos yo tú él/ella/ud nosotros vosotros ellos/ellas/uds Verbos irregulares: ir ser ver G. Subjuntivo: (Escriban la información que falta) To form the Subjunctive, do the following: 1. 2. 3. 4. Subjunctive Endings: (Write the endings of the conjugations) -ar -er, -ir Yo ____ ____ Tú ____ ____ Él/ Ella/ Ud ____ ____ Nosotros ____ ____ Vosotros ____ ____ Ellos/as/ Uds ____ ____ Irregular Verbs (Escriban toda la conjugación.) dar _______, ________, _______, _______, ________, y ________ estar _______, ________, _______, _______, ________, y ________ haber _______, ________, _______, _______, ________, y ________ ir _______, ________, _______, _______, ________, y ________ saber _______, ________, _______, _______, ________, y ________ ser _______, ________, _______, _______, ________, y ________ ¿Qué representa RED? R- E- D-