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Notes on Permanent Mandibular Canine

Jun 10, 2024

Permanent Mandibular Canine

Overview

  • Third tooth from the midline.
  • Tooth number:
    • FDI system: 43 and 33.
    • Universal system: 27 and 22.
    • Zsygmondy Palmar system: 3 (with quadrant brackets).
  • Also known as Corner Tooth and Cuspid.
  • Function: Tearing.
  • Develops from four lobes: mesial, labial, distal, lingual.
  • Works with maxillary canine for Canine Guidance.
  • Referred to as the 'last tooth standing'.

Resistance to Diseases

  • Fights caries with self-cleansing properties.
  • Resists loss of anchorage due to long root.

Chronology

  • Eruption age: 9 to 10 years.

Dimensions

  • Cervico-incisal length of the crown: 11 mm.
  • Root length: 16 mm.
  • Mesio-distal diameter:
    • Crown: 7 mm.
    • At cervix: 5.5 mm.
  • Labiolingual diameter:
    • Crown: 7.5 mm.
    • At cervix: 7 mm.
  • Curvature of cervical line:
    • Mesial side: 2.5 mm.
    • Distal side: 1 mm.

Crown Morphology

Labial Aspect

  • Outline: Trapezoidal (longer side towards cusp, shorter side towards cervical line).
  • Cusp tip: Midline axis of the tooth.
  • Cuspal slopes:
    • Distal is longer than mesial.
  • Contact areas:
    • Mesial: Incisal third.
    • Distal: Middle third.
  • Cervical line: Convex towards the root.
  • Labial ridge: Runs from cusp tip to cervical line.
  • Single root: Smooth and conical.

Lingual Aspect

  • Narrower than labial aspect.
  • Similar outline to the labial aspect.
  • Crown surface features:
    • Mesial cuspal ridge: Cusp tip to mesial contact area.
    • Distal cuspal ridge: Cusp tip to distal contact area.
    • Mesial marginal ridge: Mesial contact area to cingulum.
    • Distal marginal ridge: Distal contact area to cingulum.
    • Lingual ridge: Cusp tip to cingulum.
  • Cingulum: Circular convexity in cervical third.
  • Lingual fossae: Two shallow concavities between ridges and cingulum.
  • Root: Smooth and conical.

Mesial Aspect

  • Outline: Triangular/wedge-shaped (base at cervix).
  • Cusp tip: Lingual to midline axis.
  • Labial surface: Convex (crest at the cingulum level).
  • Lingual outline:
    • Cervical third: Convex.
    • Middle third: Concave.
    • Incisal third: Convex.
  • Cervical line: Convex towards the crown.
  • Root: Smooth and tapering.
  • Mesial developmental depression along root length.

Distal Aspect

  • Similar features to mesial aspect.
  • Distal developmental depression on root is deeper than mesial depression.

Incisal Aspect

  • No root visible.
  • Labial outline: Convex.
  • Lingual outline: Shows lingual convergence.
  • Cusp tip: Slightly lingual to the center.

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