Angiotensin 2 Receptor Blockers (ARBs)

Introduction

• ARBs: Medications for hypertension and heart failure.
• Visual mnemonic to remember names, uses, mechanisms, and side effects.

Symbols and Mnemonics

• Angel (Angiotensin 2): Angel with two wings represents Angiotensin 2.
• Devil (Blocking Angel): Represents blocking Angiotensin 2 receptors.
• Satan (Sartan): Mnemonic for ARBs ending in '-sartan' (e.g., Losartan, Valsartan).
• Slashed Tire: Symbol for lowering blood pressure (hypertension treatment).
• Ripped Heart: Symbol for heart failure treatment.
• Tarantula (Teratogenesis): ARBs can cause birth defects, contraindicated in pregnancy.
• Frozen Banana (Potassium): Reminder of hyperkalemia as a side effect.

Mechanism of Action

• ARBs block Angiotensin 2 receptors, preventing vasoconstriction.
• Vasodilation: Blood vessels widen, lowering blood pressure.
• Reduced Aldosterone: Decreases sodium and water reabsorption in kidneys, lowering blood volume.
• Similar mechanisms to ACE inhibitors (both lower blood pressure).

Clinical Uses

• Hypertension: Lower blood pressure by vasodilation and reducing blood volume.
• Heart Failure: Decrease heart's afterload, reducing the heart's workload and providing survival benefits.

Side Effects

• Hypotension: Monitor blood pressure, advise slow standing.
• Hyperkalemia: High potassium levels, monitor potassium in patients.
• Teratogenesis: Causes birth defects, do not use in pregnancy.
• Fewer Side Effects: Compared to ACE inhibitors (no cough or angioedema).

Summary

• ARBs: Medications ending in '-sartan' (e.g., Losartan, Valsartan).
• Treat hypertension and heart failure, particularly in patients intolerant to ACE inhibitors.
• Watch for hypotension, hyperkalemia, and avoid use during pregnancy.