Understanding Singular, Dual, and Plural in Arabic

Bismillah ar-Rahman ar-Rahim. Alhamdulillahi Rabbil Alameen. As-salatu wa-salamu ala Nabi Muhammad. As-salamu alaykum wa rahmatullahi wa barakatuhu. I ask Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala to accept from all of us coming here to learn the language of the Noble Qur'an. I ask Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala to make us sadqa jariya for our parents and make our children sadqa jariya for us. I ask Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala to give us tawfiq to learn the language of the Noble Qur'an and then teach others. I welcome you, my respected sisters, to... today's lesson, lesson number nine of level two. I hope everybody is doing well. May Allah protect you. May Allah bless you. May Allah increase you in your knowledge. Ameen. If my audio is clear, please let me know in the chat box. So inshallah, we'll start the class. And as you all know that the chat box where you're supposed to send your replies is the name of the host is your answers. Please write here. So inshallah I'll wait a while for your feedbacks. Alhamdulillah, so we'll start the class. Lesson number nine. Singulars and plurals. I hope we all by now know what is singular and plural in Arabic. Of course, we know what is in English. What is in English? In English, singular is one. One book, one teacher, one car. What's plural? Could be many books, many teachers, many cars. If you look from the Arabic perspective, that's not what the plural is. In Arabic, plural is two or more. In English, one is singular. Anything above one, two, three, four, five. go on until whatever and that is plural in Arabic one is singular anything above two is plural right so many books means two or more books many teacher means two or more teachers many car means two or more teachers so it leaves us a bit of gap in our knowledge singular is one plural is more than two what about two what is two that's good two in English you could say it's a dual right In Arabic, it is called Musanna. Musanna. For now, let's stay to stick to the word dual. Dual means what? Two. Examples. Two books, two teachers, two cars. Is it clear now? Now, if you look at this slide, you will see the division of Arabic language in terms of these singular plurals. Singular is one. One book. Dual is two books. Plural is more than two books, right? In English, you will not find this. English, one book and then it's books. Now, when you say books with the S at the end, it could mean two, three, four, five, whatever. In Arabic, you can't say like that. In Arabic, it's one book. It's more than two books or two books. So, how to change a singular to dual? So, if we have one book, how to make two books? We know how to make plural. We say Qutubun. We have a word Muslimun. We want to make the plural. We will say Muslimuna, many Muslims. How will we say two Muslims? How will we say two books? Let's see. It's very, very simple. If you have a word, kitabun, two would be kitabani. Qalamun is one pen. Qalamani means two pen. Tabibun means one doctor. Tabibani means two doctors. Sayyaratun means one car. Sayyaratani means two cars. Haqibatun means one bag. Haqibatani... means two bags. So how do we make it? It's very simple. Simply add alif and noon as you can see here. Kitabun and then we added alif and noon. So kitabun meant one book but now kitabani means two books. Let's see further. So singular we have tabibun, mudirun, muhandisun, tabibatun, mudarvisatun, kitabun, qalamun, hadha, hadihi and huwa. Right? How to make dual from them? Because we know how to make plurals. So let's see. Is everybody with me, sisters? Are you getting the idea of dual? Please give me one if you understand, two if you don't understand. We will see how to make it, but are you actually understanding what's the meaning of dual? Alhamdulillah, very good. So we will see more detail even if you have a little bit confusion, inshallah that will be removed. So dual is more than one. So singular is one. Dual is what? Tabibani, Mudhirani, Mohandisani. So Tabibani, two doctors. Mudhirani, two managers. Mohandisani, two engineers. Tabibatani, we added the alif-fanoon, isn't it? Two female doctors. Mudharvisatani, two female teachers. Kitabani, two books. Qalamani, two pens. And we've studied Hatha is for this, but what if you're pointing towards two things? We studied that, let's say, for Muslimona we'll say, these are Muslim. But what if those, if these two Muslims are there, you don't want to point towards one or many, there's just two. How will you say? And if you have, for example, one Muslim woman, you say, and how will you say, these are Muslim women? This is what you say. What if you have only two sisters in front of you? How will you say? You will say, If you're using huwa and saying huwa, he is a Muslim. Huwa Muslim. And if there are many, you would say, They are Muslim. But if there are only two people and you want to talk about them, you're not pointing towards them. If you point towards them, then you will use ism al-ishara. You will say, or but you want to use the pronoun how will you use for singular muslim you will say who are muslim but if they are true you are talking about you say muslimani it's very very simple let's see let's see further inshallah you'll get that look at this kitabun mufrad how did we make the dual kitabani babun is one door two doors babani sa'atun is one watch how do we make two is one sheep how do we say two is one wife how do we say two is one office two offices is one room is two room is a school means two school an engineer how do we say is two engineers so what did we do We simply added alif and noon after the singular word. End of the story. It is so simple, isn't it? It's very easy. Look, here we were ending on ba, so we added alif and noon. Here we were ending on ba as well, baab, so we added alif and noon. Here, saa'atun, what did we do? We added alif and noon. But because this is the closed ta, when you connect some letter with that, you have to open that ta. So we have opened it and saa'atani. Otherwise, there is no change, you see. This ta has been opened up and you added alif and noon. Look at this ghurfatun, one room, right? You want to say two rooms? You simply opened up this ta and added alif and noon, ghurfatani. Isn't it simple, sisters? I hope it's very, very, very easy. But you see, now I hope you will be feeling excited like I'm feeling excited that now, alhamdulillah, we are unlocking more and more knowledge and information about Arabic language. May Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala give us tawfiq. to learn the language of the Quran full well in a very nice manner and then teach others. That's very important to learn for yourself, to remove ignorance from ourselves. First we should learn to remove ignorance from ourselves and then to remove it from others. Right? BarakAllahu feekh sisters. So now if we can open our textbooks, this is what today's lesson is, chapter 18. And I hope if you have understood this, the simple thing, add early and noon to a word, it will become two. From one, it will become two. This is what today's lesson is. It's going to be, inshallah, very, very easy, right? So it's page number 100 in the print I have. Maybe in your book, there's a different page number. Every time I say that, why do I say that? Because I start getting messages in the chat box. In my book, page number is this. In my book, this is not the page number. 100 is something else. That's fine. Just look for chapter 18. Maybe it's a different print and there could be one or two pages number here and there, depending on how they have started numbering the pages of. the particular print which you have so this is 18th lesson it's a dialogue between the teacher and the students how many brothers do you have oh muhammad come this is a new word come like in english you say c-o-m-e come income means come here but this is not that come this come can be used to ask a question what kind of question it can be used to ask how many or how much If you're asking somebody, if you go somewhere and asking for the price and they speak in Arabic, you say become or how much. So you add the word ba. We are not going into that discussion. I'll just give you the example so that if you know about this, then you can actually connect it. So become, when you say become, you're asking how much, if you're asking for the price of something. Anyway, come can be used to ask a question about the quantity, about the numbers, how many or how much, depending on what you are asking. Come, akhan laka ya Muhammad. How many brothers do you have, O Muhammad? So Muhammad is saying. I have one brother. He could also say, that would be fine. means, I have one brother. Also means, one brother. They both are, the meaning for both is same. So the teacher is saying, Ya Muhammad, not mentioned because it was asked before. So, how many, and how many sisters you have, and how many sisters you have. So, If you have noticed, what is happening here is the word which comes after come is always mansub. So I think this is the first time we are coming across a word which is mansub and there is something before it which is making it mansub. If you remember in the previous classes, we have discussed that the originally the nouns in Arabic language, most of the nouns are marfu. By default, they have dammatain or damma, right? They are marfu. Why? Why an Airaab become Mansub or Majroor? There is a reason. What is the reason? Reason is a governing word. In Arabic, it's called Aamil. What is a governing word? Governing word means a word which is coming before that noun. That word may have the capability to change the Airaab of the noun which is coming after that. And what is Airaab? We all know for so far what we've studied, according to what we've studied, Airaab is the... Vowel sign on the last letter. In detail, we will go inshallah in future lessons. So you see here, in the first example, It was not Usually we have the word for brother, but here Why is it coming with Mansub? Why there's two Fathatain coming? The reason is because of the And one more thing I would like to mention. In this book, the are given on the top of a list. Actually, let's not use the word actually. I'll just let us leave some room of opinions here. The harakah could be on kha as well. And in the third line, harakah, the fathatain could be on ta as well. Usually, alif is said to be not able to hold any harakah. So harakah, if you put on alif, it is okay. You will find in the books. And if you see the harakah coming on the letter before alif, it is fine as well. But this was just on the side tangent. Right now, what we are focusing is... Qam is a question which is used to ask how much or how many. The interesting thing is the word which comes after Qam is always Mansub. Is always Mansub. It's always singular. And we will see that. So you see, Achan is a singular word. So it will always be singular and always be Mansub. And if you see the translation in English, it will not be singular. In English, what do you say? How many brothers do you have? how many sisters you have so s is coming in english but we are learning arabic language we need to be careful about that so the word come is to ask a question how many and how much and the noun which comes after come is always going to be mansoob always going to be singular always going to be indefinite if it's coming for the question look it's indefinite there's no alif and lam attached right So this is the side information. No problem if you can't really get that. As we move along the lesson, you will see that the words which are coming after come are all mansoob, all singular, and all nakira means they do not have alif and lam. So let's move forward. Wa kam uqtan lak, how many sisters you have. So he's saying, li uqtani. Here the lesson begins. Alif and nun, ani. We have studied a while ago. What is the meaning? Two sisters, li uqtani. The word is uqtun for a sister. What did we do? We added alif and nun and we made it two. I have two sisters, li uqtani. And then the teacher is saying, kam ajalatan lid darrajati ya Hamid. How many wheels for a bicycle, oh Hamid? How many wheels for a bicycle, oh Hamid? Kam ajalatan lid darrajati ya Hamid. Hamid is saying, It has two wheels. It has two wheels. You see how two wheels have been made? Just added alif and noon to the original singular word and became two. Let's see the next one. The teacher is saying, So we know how to make two, right? Just add to singular word, alif and noon, and becomes two. How many Eids are in the year O Zakaria? So Zakaria is saying, What did we do? Simply added alif and noon to the word Eid. Huma Eidul Fitri Wa Eidul Adha. Huma. What do you mean? They too. In English we'll say they. They are. But in here we have written in bracket two so you can actually understand that English when they say they, they say for two. Number two they will say they. For three, four, five, all they will say they. But here we will use the pronoun Huma. Hua is for one. He. Huma means they too and hum means they all. When we talk about masculine, hua means he, huma means they too and hum means they all. When we are talking about masculine. So then the teacher is saying, Ya Ibrahimun, mun, mun. Can I say Ibrahimun? I could say Hamidun. I could say Muhammadun. If you think, Mudarris should say because there's no harakah given here shall I put Ibrahimun or Ibrahimu if you think I should say Ibrahimun please press 1 if you think I should say no Ya Ibrahimu press 2 1 if Tanween is possible 2 if Tanween is not possible there's a twist here let's see what your answers are those who are saying we can say Ibrahimun You need to go and revise your level one. What did we learn in level one? Muhammadun, Zaidun, Bilalun, Khalidun. When the ya will come, Tanween will go. Ya Muhammadu, Ya Khalidu, Ya Bilal, Ya Hamidu. You can never say Khalidun and use ya. Ya will come, Tanween will go, single harakah will remain. This was our level one. So if you said Tanween, you made a mistake there. You need to go back and revise. Coming back, moving forward. If you said Tanween, because you didn't even remember this ya thing then you made another error of judgment here we have studied in last few lessons that Ibrahim is a non-Arab name non-Arab names do not accept tanween even if there is no ya before that they will not accept tanween if there is a ya before that they will not accept tanween they cannot accept tanween why Ibrahim cannot have tanween because Ibrahim is a non-Arab Arab name. But instead of Ibrahim, if there was an Arab name, Muhammadun, Khalidun, Zaidun, would there be a Tanween? No. In that case, also there will be no Tanween. Why? Because of the Ya. So here, in Ibrahim, we have two things combined. One, it cannot have Tanween because Ya is there. Second, it cannot have Tanween because originally it cannot have Tanween. It's a foreign name. I hope you got that and it was a good piece of revision. Alhamdulillah. Ya Ibrahim, O Ibrahim. abu ka tajirun kabirun your father is a big merchant what kind of word is kabirun sisters if i ask you what is the arab of kabirun so you see when i say arab of kabirun you could say it's marfu okay this is fine you can say tajirun is marfu kabirun is marfu but usually when we say arab you're asking what role that word is playing so what role is kabirun playing in this sentence very good kabirun is the naad as you can see in the english translation big merchant could be famous merchant small merchant right so this is big merchant and then how many stores he have so Ibrahim is saying we know means he he have yeah have in the in the means I have in the who means he has or he have depending on how you're using he has to big stores. So one store was Mutajarran. How did you make two? By adding Alif Anul Mutajarrani. And how will you make the Naat for that? Obviously Naat and Manood, they have to follow each other, right? So if the number is something which they will follow each other, right? For example, Muslimun Mujtahidun, hardworking Muslim. But if it's Muslimuna, Mujtahiduna, right? So you have to make they both have to follow each other in four things, right? Number is one among them, and not in man'ud. So here if your man'ud mutajjadraan is man'ud, is two, then you cannot use kabirun, right? You must use kabirani so you can match the numbers with the numbers. We'll do more exercise of that, so don't worry about it. Then the next question is, كَمْ نَافِذَةً فِي غُرْفَتِكَ يَا إِسْمَعِيلِ How many windows in your room, O Ismail? Sisters, I hope nobody is confused, nobody is puzzled because there are no harakāt given. None of the words are new here, right? None of the words are new here. And you should be so smart by now that you should know the harakāt. Look, Shaykh Abdur Rahim, may Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala have mercy on the late Shaykh Abdur Rahim, may Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala grant him gentle firdos. May Allah forgive all his sins. Ameen Ya Rabb. Look where something new is being introduced, harakats are given. So for example if you look from the top to the bottom, because Shaykh wanted to teach us that the word which comes after come is mansoob, so every time we see come, the next word is showing fathatain at the end. Look kam nafidhatan here we have, right? We can see kam nafidhatan, kam aeezan, kam ajalatan, kam uhtan, kam akhan, everything. But here kam nafidhatan fee. Now, this word which means your room does not give any haraka. I need to ask you, what is the haraka on ta? Because first of all, English translation, I don't want to speak Arabic word here because otherwise I'll give away the vowel sign. The English translation is your room. So basically these are two words, mudaf and mudafile. But right before that, ti is coming. So shall I say fi ghurfatu ka or fi ghurfati ka? Of course we say في غرفتِكَ Why? Because غرفتِ will become مجرور because of this حرجة Though it is مُدافِ and this car is مُدافِلَ It's a pronoun يا اسماعيل How many windows in your room, O Ismail? So Ismail is saying فيها نافذَتَانِ Two windows, so how would he say? فيها نافذَتَانِ It has two windows نافذة was one window To make it two you say نافذة taani nafidha taani then the teacher saying liman haadhaanid daftaraani remember we've studied the word daftar in our previous level and then the last few lessons we use the word dafaatir so daftar is one notebook dafaatir are many notebooks but what if you are talking about only two notebooks how will you say that you will simply come up with the singular word which is daftar and add alif and noon and it will become So here he is saying, To whom belongs these two notebooks. So Ali is saying, One more thing. Singular is, What is the plural of, We have done that. This singular means, How do you make these? You say, What if you want to say two? If you were pointing towards one thing, You will say, Let's not take the example of Kitabun. Let's say Hatha Talibun. Hatha Talibun means what? This is one student. If you want to talk about many and say these are students, we'll say Ha'ulai Tullabun. These are students. But what if there are two students you are talking about, pointing to us two? Hathani Talibani. So you added Alif and Un after Hatha. to make two so now your muktada is two haadhaani you can't say haadha and point toward two this is wrong if you're pointing towards two you must use the right word and the right word for two musanna is haadhaani so now your muktada haadhaani is your muktada which is a musanna which is the dual so your khabar must match your muktada in number isn't it can i say he is he are boys or they are they is boy no i must say he is a boy or they are boys everything match each other right so here we will say and then for the uh the example i was giving you was for the students so they both will match each other so this is what shown here the dual of is the plural of is and then coming to the answer of ali ali is saying why are you saying Because the question was about two things. So he's using the pronoun which is suitable for two. He cannot use the pronoun which is suitable for one. He cannot say huwali. You see, this is the point once again where English and Arabic goes different ways. You cannot have the translation for this in English if you want to do this. Look, in English, it is they are mine. But actually, it is two. In Arabic, that's why it's in bracket, they too are mine. or they too are for me in english you don't have a choice you say it is mine or they are mine end of the story but in arabic it's not going to be like that right i hope you are getting that so here this homa is basically the pronoun form of two pronoun form of one is whoa he or it and for two is Huma and for plural we use Huma. I hope it is clear. So Al Mudarrisu to whom belongs these two rulers right so one ruler is Mr. Mr. with Tamar Buta you added Alif and Nun to make it two and Hatani why it's not Hazani because this is a feminine word. So the actual word was So let's say if it was a car and teacher is asking for one car, he will say But for two cars, he will say Once again, as we have seen before, if your is masculine, then your must be masculine. If your is dual, then your must be dual. Here Mr. Ratani, this word which means the ruler, is feminine. So obviously your Muqtada is going to be feminine. So both are feminine, but both are true, both are dual. So Alif Noon has been added to both. And Yunus is saying once again, Huma Li. Huma Li. What do we learn from this? We learn that the word true, Huma, will be used for masculine and will be used for feminine. For both, it will be Huma. Somebody may say, how am I going to differentiate between the two? You will differentiate between the two. You will understand if it is used for male or female by looking at the sentence. So if it's two boys, I will say, They two are students. They two are male students. But if it's their two girls, I'll say, So when you will see in the sentence, Now you know it is about two girls. And that's why... Huma is used in the previous sentence You know it's about the boys But still Huma is used So Huma is something which is common between both genders Tamarin, exercises So now Answer the following questions Using the dual form So very simple We'll do that and inshallah you will be expert in that How many pens do you have? So if you want to give the answer How do you say it? I have Qalamani. You have to give answer in two, right sisters? I hope you are sitting with your notebooks and your pen pencils, right? So I would request you to please write the answers as we are doing this exercise. So you can see how much have you understand, right? Come Kitaban Indak. How many books do you have? Or how many books you have, depending on how you're translating. So if you want to say, I have two books, how will you say? Use the same pattern. In the Kitabani, I have two books, right? Kam sabburatan fee faslikum. How many writing boards in your classroom? You could say whiteboard or blackboard, whatever you want to say, but this is basically referring to the writing board in the class. Kam sabburatan fee faslikum. Now you want to say you have two in your class. How will you say? Fee sabburatani. In it, two blackboards. Or you could say, فِي فَصْلِنَا سَبُّورَتَانِ In our class, two writing boards. كَمْ رِيَالًا عِنْدَكَ الْآنَ يَا لَيْلَ How many riyals you have right now, O Layla? You see, in English, when you ask the question, naturally you will come up with the S. How many riyals you have, how many books you have, how many pens you have. But remember, in Arabic, we are not using plural word. We are not using كَمْ كُتُبًا in the case. this is wrong come if you say then the translation will be pens but this is where you need to understand even though in the translation S is not written here but you understand in the flow you might end up saying how many pens you have it's fine as long as it's in English but don't try to translate pens into Arabic and say after come the word which comes after come will always be singular remember But by the way, what's the name of the word which comes after come? What's the name of the word which comes after Mudaf, sisters? Can you write in the chat box, please? The word which comes after Mudaf is called Mudafilay. The word which comes after Harfjar is called what? Ism Majroor. Very good. So what is the word called which comes after come? The word which comes after come, well done sister, those who are answering. The word which comes after come is called tamiz. Tamiz. So now things will become very easy and you will understand now what's the benefit of using the term. What was I saying up till now? Up till now, I was saying like this, quote unquote, the word which comes after come, I'm using the whole phrase, the word which comes after come is mansoob, is always indefinite. Now I'm saying. Tameez is always Mansub. Tameez is always indefinite. I don't have to use the whole sentence the word which comes after come because you know the name of the word which comes after come it's called Tameez. You see this is the benefit of knowing the terminology. I just said Tameez. I hope inshallah in few more classes we will repeat that and by then afterwards when every time somebody will say Tameez you will know we are talking about the word which comes after come. You will not need an explanation to somebody say we are talking about the word which comes after come you know just tell me tamiz i know what it is alhamdulillah i'm a student of arabic language alhamdulillah you see so this is called tamiz so tamiz is always singular tamiz is always nakira tamiz is always mansoor right well then mashallah okay come rialan inda kal ana ya layla so she's saying i have two riyals come How many sisters you have, O Ali? So he's saying One question Can he say Is it possible to say What is correct? Or both are correct If you think Is correct, press 1 If you think Is correct, press 2 If you think both are correct, then press 3 Press 1 Press 2 Both are correct? Rest three. No, we say li uqtani. We've studied that before, right? For body parts and relationships, we use the word li. We don't say indi. Indi is usually used for possessions. Now, having sisters, sisters, brothers, they are not your possessions, right? They're not your possessions. They're relationships, right? They're precious relationships, but they're not possessions. So we say li. Li uqtani. Li uqtani. How many uncles you have, O Aamina? So she will say, Number seven, How many friends you have, O Muhammad? So Muhammad wants to say two. How would he say, sisters? Write it down in your notepad. What will he say? Not, They are not in his pocket, right? They are relationships. They are not possessions. كَمْ طَالِبًا جَدِيدًا فِي فَصْلِكُمْ How many new students in your class? فِي فَصْلِنَا طَالِبَانِ جَدِيدَانِ In our class, two new students. Two ways of writing the answer. You could say فِي فَصْلِنَا in our class or you could just use the pronoun and say فِيهِ in it, that both will mean the same thing. Like if you see here, Here we had in number three, we had answer, فِيهِ سَبُّورَتَانِ Here you could have said, فِي فَصْلِنَا سَبُّورَتَانِ But instead of using the long version, you shortened it and said, فِيهِ Here, the long version is given. May Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala have mercy on Sheikh Abdul Rahim. Beautifully designed book. فِي فَصْلِنَا قَالِبَانِ جَدِيدَانِ You could say like that, or you could say, فِيهِ قَالِبَانِ جَدِيدَانِ Both would effectively mean same. This... Statement would mean in our classroom there are two new students. فِيهِ طَالِبَانِ جَدِدَانِ would mean in it there are two students. تَنْ كَمْ مَسْجِدًا فِي قَرْيَتِكَ يَا زَكَرِيَّةَ How many masjid in your village, O Zakariya. You see, in English we'll say how many masajid or how many mosques with S in the end. But here in Arabic, as we said, tamiz is always singular. So it is coming after come. كَمْ مَسْجِدًا فِي قَرْيَتِكَ يَا زَكَرِيَّةِ So he's saying, فِي قَرْيَتِنَا مَسْجِدَانِ In our village, two masjids, two mosques. كَمْ فُنْدُقًا فِي هَذِي الشَّارِ How many hotels in this street? What's the answer? فِيهِ فُنْدُقَانِ In it, two hotels. كَمْ أَخًا لَكَ يَا سُعَادِ How many brothers you have? How many brothers you have, O Su'ad? So she's saying, Here, you see the difference? we did not edit Alif and Noon and said Akhaani. The spelling for this is Akhaani. Why it is like that, we will learn that in future lessons. It has something to do with the original word. The spelling of the original word is coming back in the Diyul, but we'll not go into that detail. For now, just understand the Muthanna, the Diyul for the Al-Akh, which is given here in the pink background here, is Akhaani. You will not say Akhaani. Usually we add Alif and Noon, but here it's a little bit of Akhaani. Then number two is Once again, it's very close to my heart. I would request you to please, please do write after the lesson. This will make you very strong, inshallah. Khalid for him. In English, you will not say for him, but we are doing word to word translation. Harjali means for and pronoun who means him. So we're saying for him. Otherwise, in English, you could say Khalid he has or Khalid has, however you want to say it. Our focus is not on this part. Our focus is on the next part of this sentence. Khalid has two sons and two daughters. So you can say Khalid has two sons and two daughters. In this house are two big rooms. You see now, numbers are being matched here. One Ghurfa, we'll say Ghurfatun Kabiratun, big room. But here we are saying Ghurfatani. We are talking about two rooms. So you see Naat must match with the Man'ut in numbers and singular and plural. These four things which are given here on the left hand side. So if you have Ghurfatani, then you cannot say Naat as Kabiratun. You must have to say Kabiratani. So you will open the Ta of Kabiratun, the round Ta and add Alif and Nun after that. And you will match Naat and Man'ut because they both must match. Right? فَعْطِمَةُ لَهَا تِفْلَانِ صَغِيرَانِ You see, once again, تِفْلُن is one child. تِفْلَانِ is two. So you can't say, if she had one small child, you would say, فَعْطِمَةُ لَهَا تِفْلُن صَغِيرٌ End of the story. But here you're saying تِفْلَانِ Two children. And you want to say small, so you can't say صَغِيرٌ. That will be a mismatch. You must add أَلِفٍ نُون to match نَعْفٍ مَنُو So you will say, Tiflani Sagheerani Then Li Aynani Wa Udhunani Wa Yadani Wa Rijalani For me or I have two eyes and two ears and two hands and two legs. I hope it is clear. Fi Hadhal Hayyi Madrasatani In this neighborhood are two schools. Salatul Fajri How many rakahs are there in Salatul Fajri? Two. So rakah is one. Here we have two rakahs in Salatul Fajr, right? The father. Salatul Fajri, rakah Tani, two units of bread. Lil bayti, miftahani, for the house, two keys. Liman ha Tani, al-baqarah Tani. Why ha Tani is coming? Why baqarah Tani is coming? Baqarah Tani originally was baqarah Tun, Tau. Baqarah Tun ending with Tau, Madhbuta. So if it was singular, it's feminine, we will use Hathi. Liman ha Tihil baqarah Tau. this was the question right now we are talking about the two cows so we added alif and noon by opening the taa so when we are saying you cannot say you have to make it how you make by making the spelling of making dual in hadhi changes slightly it's hadhi you don't add alif and noon after hadhi you make it this is how the spelling is in Arabic language for that to whom belongs these two cows you see what's the answer they too are for the farmers if it was one you will say here little fallachi because here is used for feminine but is being used for feminine as well we have seen before that can be used for female and can be used for male we'll see the example of male in the next stone Sentence. Ahadhani Tabibani Min Inkaltara. Are these two doctors from England? La Huma Min Faransa. They are from France. You see, these two doctors, Tabibani, obviously we're talking about two male doctors. And the answer is De Huma. Huma is used for two doctors, which is masculine, and two cows, which are feminine. So Huma will be used for both genders. There is no sacred word for Musanna. when it comes to this pronoun. In my village... two small massages. There is no any grammatically in English there's something missing but we are doing word to word translation. In English you may say in my village there are two massages. So you will add words according to the structure of Arabic language English language but here we are trying to understand Arabic so we are trying mostly to do word to word translation. So once you understand word to word translation then you can actually translate the way you like it right. Hence, it is very important to know the Arabic language because when you are reading the Quran, when you are reading the translation, most of us read the translation. We don't read word-to-word translation unless and until we are students or we are very interested and we really want to know. Usually, what people do, people read the translation if they want to understand. This is what happens in translation. Everyone will make translation in their own way. Some people will make it according to their understanding. make it according to their understanding and their understandings could be a innocent mistake or understanding could have intentful changes in the translation of the ayah. You see what I'm saying? So hence it is very important that you understand the words. So when you are reading the Quran, you are able to understand what is the meaning of this word. So if somebody translates into some other way, you could say, no, no, no, this is not possible. Believe me. just after maybe by from up to this level or maybe after level one or two you will pick the transition i don't want to mention the names very good very nice translation very authentic translations is still in those transitions you will find grammatical translation errors the meaning was there are no errors but grammatically you will think you know this is not correct here the actual translation is this but sometimes there is no equivalent available in english So it's not a mistake of the translator, but there's nothing available. And because nothing is available, they are using either the everyday English language or they simply have a word which is equivalent to that word in Arabic. So they have to either not translate it or just translate it in a different way. And hence, because of that, you cannot actually get the meaning. For example, if you see Surah Al-Asr, عَوْدُ بِاللَّهِ مَنْ شَيْطُهَا مَنْ رَجِيمٍ إِنَّ الْإِنسَانَ لَفِّي خُسْرٍ So, inna is for taqid, for emphasis. And the translation given, indeed, verily. This is a translation you will see in English. Verily, human being is at loss, but that's it. But in this ayah, inna is used for taqid, for emphasis. And then there's another word is used, that's the laam, which is coming before fi. La fi, that laam is also used for taqid. So, there's a double taqid. So, Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala is telling us something with... Taukeed over Taukeed, emphasis over emphasis. But English language is not able to translate that letter La which is attached with the Fi. It doesn't make grammatical, structural composition in English language that this can be translated. So you are not able to get the meaning of two emphasis in that ayah. In English translation you only get one emphasis. Wallahu'alam. So I hope you understand that how important it is for you to actually understand the Arabic language. So you don't have to rely on any translation. So now we come to exercise number three. Read the following examples, then fill in the blanks with tamiz and verbalize it. What is tamiz? You know now, right? Because you know tamiz and because the author has written tamiz, otherwise author needed to write or the word which is coming after come. Now you know what is tamiz. Tamiz is the word which comes after come. So what is required of you is Read the following examples and fill in the blanks. Put the correct tamiz and wawalize it. It means put the wawal sign on that. Come uqtan lak. Come qalaman indak. Come sayyaratan fil jamiati. Right? These are the questions. This is how you have to make the questions. So how will you make the questions? Answers are all given. So I'll just reveal the answers. In your book, you will find it like that. Come fill in the blanks in the come fill in the blank lak. So you know that the word you will choose for the come. Let's say you are asking a question to somebody about how many brothers have you got. So you should know that after come, when you want to ask brother, you will not say come. Why you will not say? One reason. Because after the come, the word which will come is not going to be Marfu. So you cannot have Akhun with the Dammat and you must have it Mansoob. So you will say Akhun. And then... You also know that you cannot use the plural form because the word which comes after come is always singular. And then you also know that you cannot use marifa, you cannot add alif and lam to that. Why? Because the word which comes after come is always nakira. Let's see the examples here. Come daftaran indak. You cannot say kam dafaatirun. You can't say at all because that's mamnoo minassar. But anyway, you cannot make it marfoob by putting tanween or single dhamma. You cannot use the plural in place of daftaran and you cannot use alif and laam. You must use after kam. The next word will be mansub. It will be nakira, means it will not be definite. There will be no alif, laam and it will be. singular. It will be singular. So I hope you have noted that and you can see as it is coming here. كَمْ أَخَنْ لَتْ كَمْ فُنْدَقًا فِي هَذِي الشَّعَالِ كَمْ مَدْرَسَةً فِي قَرْيَةِكْ All those words which are coming after come are singular, are indefinite, and mansoob. So three conditions we see they should come after come. However, there is another type of come as well, which is called come khabariya. But we are not talking about that. That will come inshallah in future lessons. I'm telling you because if you come across the come with other things and you say, wow, we have studied something else in the class. But come is not just this. There's another come as well. So maybe what you see, which is not meeting these conditions, could become khabariya. But that we will discuss in later lessons. Right now, we will be focusing on what is in front of us. This come is to ask questions. And the alama is you can see question mark coming here, right? Number four. Change the Mubtada into dual in the following sentences. Don't forget to match the Khabar in number with the Mubtada. We all know that Khabar must match the Mubtada. Hatha Kitabun. This is a book. How will you say about two books? Hathani Kitabani. Right? So you have Hatha Qalamun. Now sisters, you tell me. How will you say these are two pens? I hope it's very, very easy now. Add Alif and Nun after Hatha and add Alif and Nun after Qalam. That's it. You're done. Hathani Qalamani. it means these are two pens, right? Now, English, I'm saying these because I don't have a choice. I can either say this or I can say these. There is nothing in English for dual. But in Arabic, we have. So, haza qalamun means this is a pen. If you want to do a kind of a word-to-word translation for your students, you may say to them, hazaani qalamani means these are two pens, right? Or this are two pens, however you want to say it. But you can't actually correctly say it because it's not available in English, this concept. Sorry, So, turn into when you make two. And you open up the this one, this star was opened up and you added And then Right in your notebook, it says, what are we going to do? What two changes will happen? This is a female student. How? can I say these are two female students we'll say هَا تَانِي طَوَالِبَ تَانِي هَذَا الرَّجُلُ مُدَرِّسٌ هَذَانِ الرَّجُلَانِ مُدَرِّسَانِ you see every word changed into two هَذَا for two we added alif and noon الرَّجُل means one man to make two we added alif and noon مُدَرِّسٌ means one we wanna this is like a so we added alif and noon to it هَذَا الرَّجُلُ مُدَرِّسٌ هَذَا الرَّجُلُ مُدَرِّسٌ What is the Arab? We studied before Any word which is with Alif, Lam And if there is a small Ishara before that That word is So this is a noun sentence Because it's beginning With the noun So Where is the khabar? We must need khabar What's the transition For This man If I say this man And I become quiet He will say What do you mean by this man? Please complete your sentence So I have to complete it And I say This man is a teacher, now you're happy, right? So now, is the and is the which is matching in gender and in number. So now when you make the two, you say So now your is So your also has to reflect So you say These two men, you can't say these two men are teacher. Even in English, you can't say teacher. You must add S. To give an indication, you're talking about more than one. So how will you say that here? Mudarrisani. To give the indication, you're talking about two. Hazani rajulani mudarrisani. Hazat talibu minal hindi. This student is from India. How will you say these? If you're talking about two, if you're pointing towards two students from India, how will you say? Very simple. Hazani talibani minal hindi. You're not making Hindi into two countries. Same. You're there not. two indians there's only one india so you're going to change only adani talibani what is another reason for that Very good. We have studied it before as well. Let's do the Arab. Maybe somebody will say, why I'm not going to change Al-Hind because I'm changing it everywhere, making two, I will make two Indians. So let's see. Hada is Mubtada, right? Mubtada and Khabar match each other. Remember that. Hada is Mubtada, which is Khabar. In Al-Hindi, it's a phrase Khabar, right? So it's a phrase Khabar. It's not a noun Khabar that you have to match. You match the Khabar with the Mubtada when it is a one word Khabar. Please sisters understand. You say Zaidun. Mareedun Fatimah to Mareedatun Now you are matching Male, male, female, female Because it's one word Zaidun Mareedun You are not using Ta marboota Because Zaid is masculine Fatimah to Mareedatun You are using Ta marboota Because Fatimah is female But what if they are In the masjid So it says Zaidun Fil masjidi Fatimah to Fil masjidi Both Khabar is same One is masculine Muftada One is feminine Muftada Why? What's happening? Why we are not matching? Because we only match When the khabar is a one word khabar, you remember sisters, we have different types of khabar. Khabar can be one word or khabar can be a phrase khabar or khabar can be a sentence khabar. Yeah, let me just give you something here. If you don't know it from before, if you have discussed it, write it down if you want to. Otherwise, we'll do it in future inshallah. So khabar is one word, one type. Second type is khabar can be a phrase khabar. When khabar is a phrase khabar, It can be of two types. Phrase is divided into two types. Either it will have harf jar or it will have zarf. So example for this will be, first of all, Zaidun maridun, one word khabar, done. Second khabar, phrase khabar. So phrase khabar has got two parts. How will it look when it's harf jar in the khabar? Zaidun fil masjidi. So fi is there. And al-masjid is there. This is a phrase, fil masjidi, in the masjid. And if I say Zaidun, Amama al-Masjidi. Amama is what? In front of. Amama is the Zarf. So this is the Zarf. So phrase can be of two types. Phrase could be with Harf Jar or phrase could be with Zarf with Adverb. I hope I'm not confusing you. This is something we have done before. We will do in future. So don't worry about it. But it's important that we discuss these things when the lessons are easy. Right? When it's too difficult lessons, then sometimes I try not to go into these details. Another type of khabar is a sentence khabar. Zaidun zahaba ilal madrasati. Zaidun is the muqtada. What's the khabar? Zahaba ilal madrasati. The whole verb sentence, zahaba, he went ilal madrasati to the school. So Zaid, I become quiet. You say, please say something. I can say Zaidun maridun, you are happy. I can say Zaidun fil masjidi, you are happy, you got the news. I can say Zaidun amaam al masjidi, Zaid is in the front of masjid, you are happy. Or I can say Zaid, he went to the school. you are happy. So he went to this school, the whole sentence is called Jumla-e-Failure. It is coming and sitting in the chair of the Khabar. There is a possibility that you will have a Khabar which is actually a noun sentence sitting in the chair of the Khabar. We will do that in future lessons inshaAllah, don't worry. If I say Zaidun, Kitab-uhu Jamilun. Zaid, his book is beautiful. So I say Zaid and I become quiet and you say please say something, I say Zaid. His house is beautiful, let's say. Baytuhu jameelun. His house is big. Baytuhu kabirun. You are happy, right? So Zaid is my Muftada. What am I telling you about Zaid? I'm telling you that his house is big. So I say Zaidun, this is Muftada. Baytuhu kabirun. His house is big. So this is a khabar, which is a noun sentence, right? But don't worry about it. We will deal with that in detail. I just went into tangent that you get something, you know, you have got some food for thought, inshallah. Anyway, we'll move forward. Now, this card is for the headteacher. How will we say these two cards are for the headteachers? I hope it is clear by now. If you just look at the example number seven, same thing you will do with that one. You see, when you're pointing towards two, and you will add alif and noon. how will you say to لِمَنْ هَذَانِ الْمِفْتَحَانِ beautiful structure may Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala have mercy on Sheikh Abdul Reem look how beautiful in this one he's coming with masculine and then dual هَذَانِ الْمِفْتَحَانِ look at the next one لِمَنْ هَذِهِ الْمِلْأَقَةُ to whom belong this is spoon now هَذِهِ is feminine and مِلْأَقَةُ is also feminine how will we make to لِمَنْ هَذَانِ الْمِلْأَقَةَانِ Write to whom belongs these two spoons. Next is read the following words and vowelize it. It means write correct vowel sign. So how will you say... What will be the vowel sign sisters? Kalbani, maktabani, qamiswani. All you need to know is when you are making a dual, please pay attention, because in future there will be a few things coming and you may just get confused. When you're making a dual, how do you know that this word is the dual or this word is an original word? Because you will see the noon has got a kasra. Maktabani, qamiswani, akhawani, mindilani. mistaratani, uchtani, imraatani. Remember in the last lesson we have seen the plural of Qamishun that was Qumsan. One may say Qumsan, okay Qumsan is dual but we say is it Qumsani? For dual the condition is that the last noon will have a kasra. Remember that there could be words which are ending on alif and noon. Usman, for example, somebody's name Usman. Is it a dual? Are we talking about two? Is it Usmani? No, it can never be Usmani. But this will be discussed later on, inshaAllah. But Usman is ending on Alif and Naam. Alif and Naam. Ramadan ending on Alif and Noon. Sorry. Usman, Alif and Noon. Ridwan, Alif and Noon. So Ridwan, are we talking about two? No. Ridwan is a name. It's nothing to do with two here. Why? What's the proof? Proof is the noon has not got a kasra, but all of these ones which are dual, they will have kasra under noon. Maktabani, qamisani, uqtani, mindilani, kitabani, talibani, sayaratani. I hope you got that sisters. Now the sixth one is, make dual of the following words. I hope nobody will have difficulty. Sayaratun, how will you make the dual? Sayaratani. Tabibatun, opandata, aidalif and noon, tabibatani. Lughatun opandata aida lifanun lughatani Mil'aqatun opandata aida lifanun mil'aqatani Ismun, what will you do? Aida lifanun, sorry Ismani, tabibatun tabibatani Sadiqun is friend, sadiqani Mudarrisun, simply aida lifanun mudarrisani So one teacher became two teachers Hathani, sorry, hatha is one This and hathani is for two Waladun is one boy How we say two? Waladani Tājirūn is one. How do we say two? Tājirāni. Bābūn is one. How do we say two doors? Bābāni. Hādhīhī. How do we make Hādhīhī? Hātāni. There is a slight spelling change in Hādhīhī. Just remember that, right? In Hādhīhī, we have a slight spelling change for the two. We say Hātāni. We just don't come with alif and nūn. We make certain changes. The spelling is totally different. So, what we understood is, Mubtadā and Khabar must match in number. So, all the muftadas must match in number. And these are the new words. Qam is a tool to ask a question. How many or how much Al-Eid? We all know what is Eid. Al-Hayy is basically neighborhood. Al-Raka'atu is a unit of praise. The plural is Raka'atun. Al-Ajalatu is the wheel and the plural is Ajalatun. Al-Riyal is the currency of Saudi Arabia and the plural is... is the ruler, the stationary item. And the plural is Why not We saw Why is Why there is not Because it is one of those words which we have seen called But one may say, how am I going to remember every lesson you give two words? No, no. When we move forward, you will see there are just few words. And there's a pattern. You see a pattern. Masajidu. Meemseen alif jeemdal. Masajidu. Masatiru. They sound the same. They're rhyming, right? I'll tell you what is the tool to identify those words, inshallah, in future lessons. So that's it. That's all for today's class. I hope it was easy. I hope you have enjoyed it. I hope you understood it. and there were no issues. It was very, very easy. If we have to take today's lesson summary, the simple thing is, one thing we have learned basically, and that is how, basically what we learned was that in Arabic numbers are divided into, the Arabic language is divided into three categories when it comes to numbers, singular, dual and plural. In English, it's only singular and plural. Now the question was, okay, there's a dual, which is an Arabic language, which is not in English. How to make dual? How to know this is about two? So the simple answer was take a singular word, add alif and noon to it, and it will become a dual. So if you have a word kitabun, which means a book, that is one book, you want to say two book, simply add alif and noon and it will become kitabani. Qalamun iphan. You will say two pence, just add alif and noon in the end. They become two. If you have a word, sayyaratun, a car. You want to say two car, simple. Just add alif and noon and before you add alif and noon, just open the ta because ta marboota usually comes at the end of the letter. You cannot have alif and noon coming after that. You have to join. So sayyaratani. That's it. Tabibun, tabibani. Tabibatun, tabibatani. Muslimun, two Muslims. Muslimani. plural is muslimuna there's a difference muslimani is two muslimuna is many and for female is muslimatun one single female for the plural muslimatun but how do you make dual simple muslimatun is the uh mufrad is the singular simply open the ta and add alif and noon muslima means to muslim women i hope it was easy sisters so you If there's nothing else, we will inshallah end the class. Whatever good I said was only from Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala and whatever evil I said, whatever mistakes I have made are from myself and from shaitan. I ask Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala to forgive my sins. I respectfully ask you sisters to please overlook my shortcomings. May Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala bless you all. May Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala forgive us all. Ameen. سبحانك اللهم وبحمدك أشهد أن لا إله إلا أنت أستغفرك وأتوب إليك السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته

Bismillah ar-Rahman ar-Rahim. Alhamdulillahi Rabbil Alameen. As-salatu wa-salamu ala Nabi Muhammad.

As-salamu alaykum wa rahmatullahi wa barakatuhu. I ask Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala to accept from all of us coming here to learn the language of the Noble Qur'an. I ask Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala to make us sadqa jariya for our parents and make our children sadqa jariya for us. I ask Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala to give us tawfiq to learn the language of the Noble Qur'an and then teach others.

I welcome you, my respected sisters, to... today's lesson, lesson number nine of level two. I hope everybody is doing well. May Allah protect you.

May Allah bless you. May Allah increase you in your knowledge. Ameen.

If my audio is clear, please let me know in the chat box. So inshallah, we'll start the class. And as you all know that the chat box where you're supposed to send your replies is the name of the host is your answers.

Please write here. So inshallah I'll wait a while for your feedbacks. Alhamdulillah, so we'll start the class.

Lesson number nine. Singulars and plurals. I hope we all by now know what is singular and plural in Arabic.

Of course, we know what is in English. What is in English? In English, singular is one. One book, one teacher, one car.

What's plural? Could be many books, many teachers, many cars. If you look from the Arabic perspective, that's not what the plural is.

In Arabic, plural is two or more. In English, one is singular. Anything above one, two, three, four, five. go on until whatever and that is plural in Arabic one is singular anything above two is plural right so many books means two or more books many teacher means two or more teachers many car means two or more teachers so it leaves us a bit of gap in our knowledge singular is one plural is more than two what about two what is two that's good two in English you could say it's a dual right In Arabic, it is called Musanna. Musanna.

For now, let's stay to stick to the word dual. Dual means what? Two.

Examples. Two books, two teachers, two cars. Is it clear now? Now, if you look at this slide, you will see the division of Arabic language in terms of these singular plurals. Singular is one.

One book. Dual is two books. Plural is more than two books, right?

In English, you will not find this. English, one book and then it's books. Now, when you say books with the S at the end, it could mean two, three, four, five, whatever.

In Arabic, you can't say like that. In Arabic, it's one book. It's more than two books or two books.

So, how to change a singular to dual? So, if we have one book, how to make two books? We know how to make plural.

We say Qutubun. We have a word Muslimun. We want to make the plural. We will say Muslimuna, many Muslims.

How will we say two Muslims? How will we say two books? Let's see.

It's very, very simple. If you have a word, kitabun, two would be kitabani. Qalamun is one pen.

Qalamani means two pen. Tabibun means one doctor. Tabibani means two doctors. Sayyaratun means one car.

Sayyaratani means two cars. Haqibatun means one bag. Haqibatani... means two bags. So how do we make it?

It's very simple. Simply add alif and noon as you can see here. Kitabun and then we added alif and noon.

So kitabun meant one book but now kitabani means two books. Let's see further. So singular we have tabibun, mudirun, muhandisun, tabibatun, mudarvisatun, kitabun, qalamun, hadha, hadihi and huwa.

Right? How to make dual from them? Because we know how to make plurals. So let's see.

Is everybody with me, sisters? Are you getting the idea of dual? Please give me one if you understand, two if you don't understand.

We will see how to make it, but are you actually understanding what's the meaning of dual? Alhamdulillah, very good. So we will see more detail even if you have a little bit confusion, inshallah that will be removed.

So dual is more than one. So singular is one. Dual is what?

Tabibani, Mudhirani, Mohandisani. So Tabibani, two doctors. Mudhirani, two managers. Mohandisani, two engineers. Tabibatani, we added the alif-fanoon, isn't it?

Two female doctors. Mudharvisatani, two female teachers. Kitabani, two books.

Qalamani, two pens. And we've studied Hatha is for this, but what if you're pointing towards two things? We studied that, let's say, for Muslimona we'll say, these are Muslim. But what if those, if these two Muslims are there, you don't want to point towards one or many, there's just two.

How will you say? And if you have, for example, one Muslim woman, you say, and how will you say, these are Muslim women? This is what you say.

What if you have only two sisters in front of you? How will you say? You will say, If you're using huwa and saying huwa, he is a Muslim.

Huwa Muslim. And if there are many, you would say, They are Muslim. But if there are only two people and you want to talk about them, you're not pointing towards them.

If you point towards them, then you will use ism al-ishara. You will say, or but you want to use the pronoun how will you use for singular muslim you will say who are muslim but if they are true you are talking about you say muslimani it's very very simple let's see let's see further inshallah you'll get that look at this kitabun mufrad how did we make the dual kitabani babun is one door two doors babani sa'atun is one watch how do we make two is one sheep how do we say two is one wife how do we say two is one office two offices is one room is two room is a school means two school an engineer how do we say is two engineers so what did we do We simply added alif and noon after the singular word. End of the story. It is so simple, isn't it?

It's very easy. Look, here we were ending on ba, so we added alif and noon. Here we were ending on ba as well, baab, so we added alif and noon. Here, saa'atun, what did we do?

We added alif and noon. But because this is the closed ta, when you connect some letter with that, you have to open that ta. So we have opened it and saa'atani. Otherwise, there is no change, you see. This ta has been opened up and you added alif and noon.

Look at this ghurfatun, one room, right? You want to say two rooms? You simply opened up this ta and added alif and noon, ghurfatani. Isn't it simple, sisters?

I hope it's very, very, very easy. But you see, now I hope you will be feeling excited like I'm feeling excited that now, alhamdulillah, we are unlocking more and more knowledge and information about Arabic language. May Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala give us tawfiq. to learn the language of the Quran full well in a very nice manner and then teach others. That's very important to learn for yourself, to remove ignorance from ourselves.

First we should learn to remove ignorance from ourselves and then to remove it from others. Right? BarakAllahu feekh sisters.

So now if we can open our textbooks, this is what today's lesson is, chapter 18. And I hope if you have understood this, the simple thing, add early and noon to a word, it will become two. From one, it will become two. This is what today's lesson is.

It's going to be, inshallah, very, very easy, right? So it's page number 100 in the print I have. Maybe in your book, there's a different page number.

Every time I say that, why do I say that? Because I start getting messages in the chat box. In my book, page number is this.

In my book, this is not the page number. 100 is something else. That's fine. Just look for chapter 18. Maybe it's a different print and there could be one or two pages number here and there, depending on how they have started numbering the pages of. the particular print which you have so this is 18th lesson it's a dialogue between the teacher and the students how many brothers do you have oh muhammad come this is a new word come like in english you say c-o-m-e come income means come here but this is not that come this come can be used to ask a question what kind of question it can be used to ask how many or how much If you're asking somebody, if you go somewhere and asking for the price and they speak in Arabic, you say become or how much.

So you add the word ba. We are not going into that discussion. I'll just give you the example so that if you know about this, then you can actually connect it.

So become, when you say become, you're asking how much, if you're asking for the price of something. Anyway, come can be used to ask a question about the quantity, about the numbers, how many or how much, depending on what you are asking. Come, akhan laka ya Muhammad. How many brothers do you have, O Muhammad?

So Muhammad is saying. I have one brother. He could also say, that would be fine.

means, I have one brother. Also means, one brother. They both are, the meaning for both is same. So the teacher is saying, Ya Muhammad, not mentioned because it was asked before.

So, how many, and how many sisters you have, and how many sisters you have. So, If you have noticed, what is happening here is the word which comes after come is always mansub. So I think this is the first time we are coming across a word which is mansub and there is something before it which is making it mansub.

If you remember in the previous classes, we have discussed that the originally the nouns in Arabic language, most of the nouns are marfu. By default, they have dammatain or damma, right? They are marfu. Why? Why an Airaab become Mansub or Majroor?

There is a reason. What is the reason? Reason is a governing word.

In Arabic, it's called Aamil. What is a governing word? Governing word means a word which is coming before that noun. That word may have the capability to change the Airaab of the noun which is coming after that. And what is Airaab?

We all know for so far what we've studied, according to what we've studied, Airaab is the... Vowel sign on the last letter. In detail, we will go inshallah in future lessons. So you see here, in the first example, It was not Usually we have the word for brother, but here Why is it coming with Mansub?

Why there's two Fathatain coming? The reason is because of the And one more thing I would like to mention. In this book, the are given on the top of a list.

Actually, let's not use the word actually. I'll just let us leave some room of opinions here. The harakah could be on kha as well.

And in the third line, harakah, the fathatain could be on ta as well. Usually, alif is said to be not able to hold any harakah. So harakah, if you put on alif, it is okay.

You will find in the books. And if you see the harakah coming on the letter before alif, it is fine as well. But this was just on the side tangent. Right now, what we are focusing is...

Qam is a question which is used to ask how much or how many. The interesting thing is the word which comes after Qam is always Mansub. Is always Mansub. It's always singular. And we will see that.

So you see, Achan is a singular word. So it will always be singular and always be Mansub. And if you see the translation in English, it will not be singular.

In English, what do you say? How many brothers do you have? how many sisters you have so s is coming in english but we are learning arabic language we need to be careful about that so the word come is to ask a question how many and how much and the noun which comes after come is always going to be mansoob always going to be singular always going to be indefinite if it's coming for the question look it's indefinite there's no alif and lam attached right So this is the side information. No problem if you can't really get that.

As we move along the lesson, you will see that the words which are coming after come are all mansoob, all singular, and all nakira means they do not have alif and lam. So let's move forward. Wa kam uqtan lak, how many sisters you have. So he's saying, li uqtani.

Here the lesson begins. Alif and nun, ani. We have studied a while ago.

What is the meaning? Two sisters, li uqtani. The word is uqtun for a sister.

What did we do? We added alif and nun and we made it two. I have two sisters, li uqtani.

And then the teacher is saying, kam ajalatan lid darrajati ya Hamid. How many wheels for a bicycle, oh Hamid? How many wheels for a bicycle, oh Hamid?

Kam ajalatan lid darrajati ya Hamid. Hamid is saying, It has two wheels. It has two wheels. You see how two wheels have been made? Just added alif and noon to the original singular word and became two.

Let's see the next one. The teacher is saying, So we know how to make two, right? Just add to singular word, alif and noon, and becomes two.

How many Eids are in the year O Zakaria? So Zakaria is saying, What did we do? Simply added alif and noon to the word Eid.

Huma Eidul Fitri Wa Eidul Adha. Huma. What do you mean? They too.

In English we'll say they. They are. But in here we have written in bracket two so you can actually understand that English when they say they, they say for two. Number two they will say they. For three, four, five, all they will say they.

But here we will use the pronoun Huma. Hua is for one. He. Huma means they too and hum means they all. When we talk about masculine, hua means he, huma means they too and hum means they all.

When we are talking about masculine. So then the teacher is saying, Ya Ibrahimun, mun, mun. Can I say Ibrahimun? I could say Hamidun. I could say Muhammadun.

If you think, Mudarris should say because there's no harakah given here shall I put Ibrahimun or Ibrahimu if you think I should say Ibrahimun please press 1 if you think I should say no Ya Ibrahimu press 2 1 if Tanween is possible 2 if Tanween is not possible there's a twist here let's see what your answers are those who are saying we can say Ibrahimun You need to go and revise your level one. What did we learn in level one? Muhammadun, Zaidun, Bilalun, Khalidun. When the ya will come, Tanween will go.

Ya Muhammadu, Ya Khalidu, Ya Bilal, Ya Hamidu. You can never say Khalidun and use ya. Ya will come, Tanween will go, single harakah will remain. This was our level one. So if you said Tanween, you made a mistake there.

You need to go back and revise. Coming back, moving forward. If you said Tanween, because you didn't even remember this ya thing then you made another error of judgment here we have studied in last few lessons that Ibrahim is a non-Arab name non-Arab names do not accept tanween even if there is no ya before that they will not accept tanween if there is a ya before that they will not accept tanween they cannot accept tanween why Ibrahim cannot have tanween because Ibrahim is a non-Arab Arab name. But instead of Ibrahim, if there was an Arab name, Muhammadun, Khalidun, Zaidun, would there be a Tanween?

No. In that case, also there will be no Tanween. Why? Because of the Ya. So here, in Ibrahim, we have two things combined.

One, it cannot have Tanween because Ya is there. Second, it cannot have Tanween because originally it cannot have Tanween. It's a foreign name. I hope you got that and it was a good piece of revision.

Alhamdulillah. Ya Ibrahim, O Ibrahim. abu ka tajirun kabirun your father is a big merchant what kind of word is kabirun sisters if i ask you what is the arab of kabirun so you see when i say arab of kabirun you could say it's marfu okay this is fine you can say tajirun is marfu kabirun is marfu but usually when we say arab you're asking what role that word is playing so what role is kabirun playing in this sentence very good kabirun is the naad as you can see in the english translation big merchant could be famous merchant small merchant right so this is big merchant and then how many stores he have so Ibrahim is saying we know means he he have yeah have in the in the means I have in the who means he has or he have depending on how you're using he has to big stores. So one store was Mutajarran. How did you make two?

By adding Alif Anul Mutajarrani. And how will you make the Naat for that? Obviously Naat and Manood, they have to follow each other, right? So if the number is something which they will follow each other, right?

For example, Muslimun Mujtahidun, hardworking Muslim. But if it's Muslimuna, Mujtahiduna, right? So you have to make they both have to follow each other in four things, right? Number is one among them, and not in man'ud.

So here if your man'ud mutajjadraan is man'ud, is two, then you cannot use kabirun, right? You must use kabirani so you can match the numbers with the numbers. We'll do more exercise of that, so don't worry about it.

Then the next question is, كَمْ نَافِذَةً فِي غُرْفَتِكَ يَا إِسْمَعِيلِ How many windows in your room, O Ismail? Sisters, I hope nobody is confused, nobody is puzzled because there are no harakāt given. None of the words are new here, right? None of the words are new here. And you should be so smart by now that you should know the harakāt.

Look, Shaykh Abdur Rahim, may Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala have mercy on the late Shaykh Abdur Rahim, may Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala grant him gentle firdos. May Allah forgive all his sins. Ameen Ya Rabb. Look where something new is being introduced, harakats are given.

So for example if you look from the top to the bottom, because Shaykh wanted to teach us that the word which comes after come is mansoob, so every time we see come, the next word is showing fathatain at the end. Look kam nafidhatan here we have, right? We can see kam nafidhatan, kam aeezan, kam ajalatan, kam uhtan, kam akhan, everything.

But here kam nafidhatan fee. Now, this word which means your room does not give any haraka. I need to ask you, what is the haraka on ta?

Because first of all, English translation, I don't want to speak Arabic word here because otherwise I'll give away the vowel sign. The English translation is your room. So basically these are two words, mudaf and mudafile. But right before that, ti is coming.

So shall I say fi ghurfatu ka or fi ghurfati ka? Of course we say في غرفتِكَ Why? Because غرفتِ will become مجرور because of this حرجة Though it is مُدافِ and this car is مُدافِلَ It's a pronoun يا اسماعيل How many windows in your room, O Ismail?

So Ismail is saying فيها نافذَتَانِ Two windows, so how would he say? فيها نافذَتَانِ It has two windows نافذة was one window To make it two you say نافذة taani nafidha taani then the teacher saying liman haadhaanid daftaraani remember we've studied the word daftar in our previous level and then the last few lessons we use the word dafaatir so daftar is one notebook dafaatir are many notebooks but what if you are talking about only two notebooks how will you say that you will simply come up with the singular word which is daftar and add alif and noon and it will become So here he is saying, To whom belongs these two notebooks. So Ali is saying, One more thing.

Singular is, What is the plural of, We have done that. This singular means, How do you make these? You say, What if you want to say two? If you were pointing towards one thing, You will say, Let's not take the example of Kitabun. Let's say Hatha Talibun.

Hatha Talibun means what? This is one student. If you want to talk about many and say these are students, we'll say Ha'ulai Tullabun.

These are students. But what if there are two students you are talking about, pointing to us two? Hathani Talibani.

So you added Alif and Un after Hatha. to make two so now your muktada is two haadhaani you can't say haadha and point toward two this is wrong if you're pointing towards two you must use the right word and the right word for two musanna is haadhaani so now your muktada haadhaani is your muktada which is a musanna which is the dual so your khabar must match your muktada in number isn't it can i say he is he are boys or they are they is boy no i must say he is a boy or they are boys everything match each other right so here we will say and then for the uh the example i was giving you was for the students so they both will match each other so this is what shown here the dual of is the plural of is and then coming to the answer of ali ali is saying why are you saying Because the question was about two things. So he's using the pronoun which is suitable for two.

He cannot use the pronoun which is suitable for one. He cannot say huwali. You see, this is the point once again where English and Arabic goes different ways. You cannot have the translation for this in English if you want to do this. Look, in English, it is they are mine.

But actually, it is two. In Arabic, that's why it's in bracket, they too are mine. or they too are for me in english you don't have a choice you say it is mine or they are mine end of the story but in arabic it's not going to be like that right i hope you are getting that so here this homa is basically the pronoun form of two pronoun form of one is whoa he or it and for two is Huma and for plural we use Huma.

I hope it is clear. So Al Mudarrisu to whom belongs these two rulers right so one ruler is Mr. Mr. with Tamar Buta you added Alif and Nun to make it two and Hatani why it's not Hazani because this is a feminine word. So the actual word was So let's say if it was a car and teacher is asking for one car, he will say But for two cars, he will say Once again, as we have seen before, if your is masculine, then your must be masculine.

If your is dual, then your must be dual. Here Mr. Ratani, this word which means the ruler, is feminine. So obviously your Muqtada is going to be feminine. So both are feminine, but both are true, both are dual.

So Alif Noon has been added to both. And Yunus is saying once again, Huma Li. Huma Li. What do we learn from this? We learn that the word true, Huma, will be used for masculine and will be used for feminine.

For both, it will be Huma. Somebody may say, how am I going to differentiate between the two? You will differentiate between the two.

You will understand if it is used for male or female by looking at the sentence. So if it's two boys, I will say, They two are students. They two are male students.

But if it's their two girls, I'll say, So when you will see in the sentence, Now you know it is about two girls. And that's why... Huma is used in the previous sentence You know it's about the boys But still Huma is used So Huma is something which is common between both genders Tamarin, exercises So now Answer the following questions Using the dual form So very simple We'll do that and inshallah you will be expert in that How many pens do you have? So if you want to give the answer How do you say it?

I have Qalamani. You have to give answer in two, right sisters? I hope you are sitting with your notebooks and your pen pencils, right?

So I would request you to please write the answers as we are doing this exercise. So you can see how much have you understand, right? Come Kitaban Indak. How many books do you have?

Or how many books you have, depending on how you're translating. So if you want to say, I have two books, how will you say? Use the same pattern.

In the Kitabani, I have two books, right? Kam sabburatan fee faslikum. How many writing boards in your classroom? You could say whiteboard or blackboard, whatever you want to say, but this is basically referring to the writing board in the class.

Kam sabburatan fee faslikum. Now you want to say you have two in your class. How will you say? Fee sabburatani.

In it, two blackboards. Or you could say, فِي فَصْلِنَا سَبُّورَتَانِ In our class, two writing boards. كَمْ رِيَالًا عِنْدَكَ الْآنَ يَا لَيْلَ How many riyals you have right now, O Layla? You see, in English, when you ask the question, naturally you will come up with the S. How many riyals you have, how many books you have, how many pens you have.

But remember, in Arabic, we are not using plural word. We are not using كَمْ كُتُبًا in the case. this is wrong come if you say then the translation will be pens but this is where you need to understand even though in the translation S is not written here but you understand in the flow you might end up saying how many pens you have it's fine as long as it's in English but don't try to translate pens into Arabic and say after come the word which comes after come will always be singular remember But by the way, what's the name of the word which comes after come?

What's the name of the word which comes after Mudaf, sisters? Can you write in the chat box, please? The word which comes after Mudaf is called Mudafilay.

The word which comes after Harfjar is called what? Ism Majroor. Very good.

So what is the word called which comes after come? The word which comes after come, well done sister, those who are answering. The word which comes after come is called tamiz.

Tamiz. So now things will become very easy and you will understand now what's the benefit of using the term. What was I saying up till now?

Up till now, I was saying like this, quote unquote, the word which comes after come, I'm using the whole phrase, the word which comes after come is mansoob, is always indefinite. Now I'm saying. Tameez is always Mansub. Tameez is always indefinite. I don't have to use the whole sentence the word which comes after come because you know the name of the word which comes after come it's called Tameez.

You see this is the benefit of knowing the terminology. I just said Tameez. I hope inshallah in few more classes we will repeat that and by then afterwards when every time somebody will say Tameez you will know we are talking about the word which comes after come. You will not need an explanation to somebody say we are talking about the word which comes after come you know just tell me tamiz i know what it is alhamdulillah i'm a student of arabic language alhamdulillah you see so this is called tamiz so tamiz is always singular tamiz is always nakira tamiz is always mansoor right well then mashallah okay come rialan inda kal ana ya layla so she's saying i have two riyals come How many sisters you have, O Ali?

So he's saying One question Can he say Is it possible to say What is correct? Or both are correct If you think Is correct, press 1 If you think Is correct, press 2 If you think both are correct, then press 3 Press 1 Press 2 Both are correct? Rest three.

No, we say li uqtani. We've studied that before, right? For body parts and relationships, we use the word li.

We don't say indi. Indi is usually used for possessions. Now, having sisters, sisters, brothers, they are not your possessions, right? They're not your possessions.

They're relationships, right? They're precious relationships, but they're not possessions. So we say li.

Li uqtani. Li uqtani. How many uncles you have, O Aamina? So she will say, Number seven, How many friends you have, O Muhammad? So Muhammad wants to say two.

How would he say, sisters? Write it down in your notepad. What will he say?

Not, They are not in his pocket, right? They are relationships. They are not possessions.

كَمْ طَالِبًا جَدِيدًا فِي فَصْلِكُمْ How many new students in your class? فِي فَصْلِنَا طَالِبَانِ جَدِيدَانِ In our class, two new students. Two ways of writing the answer.

You could say فِي فَصْلِنَا in our class or you could just use the pronoun and say فِيهِ in it, that both will mean the same thing. Like if you see here, Here we had in number three, we had answer, فِيهِ سَبُّورَتَانِ Here you could have said, فِي فَصْلِنَا سَبُّورَتَانِ But instead of using the long version, you shortened it and said, فِيهِ Here, the long version is given. May Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala have mercy on Sheikh Abdul Rahim.

Beautifully designed book. فِي فَصْلِنَا قَالِبَانِ جَدِيدَانِ You could say like that, or you could say, فِيهِ قَالِبَانِ جَدِيدَانِ Both would effectively mean same. This... Statement would mean in our classroom there are two new students. فِيهِ طَالِبَانِ جَدِدَانِ would mean in it there are two students.

تَنْ كَمْ مَسْجِدًا فِي قَرْيَتِكَ يَا زَكَرِيَّةَ How many masjid in your village, O Zakariya. You see, in English we'll say how many masajid or how many mosques with S in the end. But here in Arabic, as we said, tamiz is always singular.

So it is coming after come. كَمْ مَسْجِدًا فِي قَرْيَتِكَ يَا زَكَرِيَّةِ So he's saying, فِي قَرْيَتِنَا مَسْجِدَانِ In our village, two masjids, two mosques. كَمْ فُنْدُقًا فِي هَذِي الشَّارِ How many hotels in this street? What's the answer?

فِيهِ فُنْدُقَانِ In it, two hotels. كَمْ أَخًا لَكَ يَا سُعَادِ How many brothers you have? How many brothers you have, O Su'ad?

So she's saying, Here, you see the difference? we did not edit Alif and Noon and said Akhaani. The spelling for this is Akhaani. Why it is like that, we will learn that in future lessons. It has something to do with the original word.

The spelling of the original word is coming back in the Diyul, but we'll not go into that detail. For now, just understand the Muthanna, the Diyul for the Al-Akh, which is given here in the pink background here, is Akhaani. You will not say Akhaani.

Usually we add Alif and Noon, but here it's a little bit of Akhaani. Then number two is Once again, it's very close to my heart. I would request you to please, please do write after the lesson.

This will make you very strong, inshallah. Khalid for him. In English, you will not say for him, but we are doing word to word translation. Harjali means for and pronoun who means him.

So we're saying for him. Otherwise, in English, you could say Khalid he has or Khalid has, however you want to say it. Our focus is not on this part.

Our focus is on the next part of this sentence. Khalid has two sons and two daughters. So you can say Khalid has two sons and two daughters. In this house are two big rooms. You see now, numbers are being matched here.

One Ghurfa, we'll say Ghurfatun Kabiratun, big room. But here we are saying Ghurfatani. We are talking about two rooms. So you see Naat must match with the Man'ut in numbers and singular and plural.

These four things which are given here on the left hand side. So if you have Ghurfatani, then you cannot say Naat as Kabiratun. You must have to say Kabiratani.

So you will open the Ta of Kabiratun, the round Ta and add Alif and Nun after that. And you will match Naat and Man'ut because they both must match. Right?

فَعْطِمَةُ لَهَا تِفْلَانِ صَغِيرَانِ You see, once again, تِفْلُن is one child. تِفْلَانِ is two. So you can't say, if she had one small child, you would say, فَعْطِمَةُ لَهَا تِفْلُن صَغِيرٌ End of the story.

But here you're saying تِفْلَانِ Two children. And you want to say small, so you can't say صَغِيرٌ. That will be a mismatch.

You must add أَلِفٍ نُون to match نَعْفٍ مَنُو So you will say, Tiflani Sagheerani Then Li Aynani Wa Udhunani Wa Yadani Wa Rijalani For me or I have two eyes and two ears and two hands and two legs. I hope it is clear. Fi Hadhal Hayyi Madrasatani In this neighborhood are two schools. Salatul Fajri How many rakahs are there in Salatul Fajri?

Two. So rakah is one. Here we have two rakahs in Salatul Fajr, right?

The father. Salatul Fajri, rakah Tani, two units of bread. Lil bayti, miftahani, for the house, two keys.

Liman ha Tani, al-baqarah Tani. Why ha Tani is coming? Why baqarah Tani is coming? Baqarah Tani originally was baqarah Tun, Tau. Baqarah Tun ending with Tau, Madhbuta.

So if it was singular, it's feminine, we will use Hathi. Liman ha Tihil baqarah Tau. this was the question right now we are talking about the two cows so we added alif and noon by opening the taa so when we are saying you cannot say you have to make it how you make by making the spelling of making dual in hadhi changes slightly it's hadhi you don't add alif and noon after hadhi you make it this is how the spelling is in Arabic language for that to whom belongs these two cows you see what's the answer they too are for the farmers if it was one you will say here little fallachi because here is used for feminine but is being used for feminine as well we have seen before that can be used for female and can be used for male we'll see the example of male in the next stone Sentence. Ahadhani Tabibani Min Inkaltara.

Are these two doctors from England? La Huma Min Faransa. They are from France.

You see, these two doctors, Tabibani, obviously we're talking about two male doctors. And the answer is De Huma. Huma is used for two doctors, which is masculine, and two cows, which are feminine. So Huma will be used for both genders. There is no sacred word for Musanna.

when it comes to this pronoun. In my village... two small massages.

There is no any grammatically in English there's something missing but we are doing word to word translation. In English you may say in my village there are two massages. So you will add words according to the structure of Arabic language English language but here we are trying to understand Arabic so we are trying mostly to do word to word translation. So once you understand word to word translation then you can actually translate the way you like it right. Hence, it is very important to know the Arabic language because when you are reading the Quran, when you are reading the translation, most of us read the translation.

We don't read word-to-word translation unless and until we are students or we are very interested and we really want to know. Usually, what people do, people read the translation if they want to understand. This is what happens in translation. Everyone will make translation in their own way. Some people will make it according to their understanding.

make it according to their understanding and their understandings could be a innocent mistake or understanding could have intentful changes in the translation of the ayah. You see what I'm saying? So hence it is very important that you understand the words. So when you are reading the Quran, you are able to understand what is the meaning of this word.

So if somebody translates into some other way, you could say, no, no, no, this is not possible. Believe me. just after maybe by from up to this level or maybe after level one or two you will pick the transition i don't want to mention the names very good very nice translation very authentic translations is still in those transitions you will find grammatical translation errors the meaning was there are no errors but grammatically you will think you know this is not correct here the actual translation is this but sometimes there is no equivalent available in english So it's not a mistake of the translator, but there's nothing available. And because nothing is available, they are using either the everyday English language or they simply have a word which is equivalent to that word in Arabic.

So they have to either not translate it or just translate it in a different way. And hence, because of that, you cannot actually get the meaning. For example, if you see Surah Al-Asr, عَوْدُ بِاللَّهِ مَنْ شَيْطُهَا مَنْ رَجِيمٍ إِنَّ الْإِنسَانَ لَفِّي خُسْرٍ So, inna is for taqid, for emphasis.

And the translation given, indeed, verily. This is a translation you will see in English. Verily, human being is at loss, but that's it.

But in this ayah, inna is used for taqid, for emphasis. And then there's another word is used, that's the laam, which is coming before fi. La fi, that laam is also used for taqid. So, there's a double taqid. So, Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala is telling us something with...

Taukeed over Taukeed, emphasis over emphasis. But English language is not able to translate that letter La which is attached with the Fi. It doesn't make grammatical, structural composition in English language that this can be translated. So you are not able to get the meaning of two emphasis in that ayah.

In English translation you only get one emphasis. Wallahu'alam. So I hope you understand that how important it is for you to actually understand the Arabic language. So you don't have to rely on any translation.

So now we come to exercise number three. Read the following examples, then fill in the blanks with tamiz and verbalize it. What is tamiz? You know now, right?

Because you know tamiz and because the author has written tamiz, otherwise author needed to write or the word which is coming after come. Now you know what is tamiz. Tamiz is the word which comes after come. So what is required of you is Read the following examples and fill in the blanks.

Put the correct tamiz and wawalize it. It means put the wawal sign on that. Come uqtan lak.

Come qalaman indak. Come sayyaratan fil jamiati. Right?

These are the questions. This is how you have to make the questions. So how will you make the questions? Answers are all given.

So I'll just reveal the answers. In your book, you will find it like that. Come fill in the blanks in the come fill in the blank lak.

So you know that the word you will choose for the come. Let's say you are asking a question to somebody about how many brothers have you got. So you should know that after come, when you want to ask brother, you will not say come. Why you will not say? One reason.

Because after the come, the word which will come is not going to be Marfu. So you cannot have Akhun with the Dammat and you must have it Mansoob. So you will say Akhun.

And then... You also know that you cannot use the plural form because the word which comes after come is always singular. And then you also know that you cannot use marifa, you cannot add alif and lam to that. Why?

Because the word which comes after come is always nakira. Let's see the examples here. Come daftaran indak. You cannot say kam dafaatirun.

You can't say at all because that's mamnoo minassar. But anyway, you cannot make it marfoob by putting tanween or single dhamma. You cannot use the plural in place of daftaran and you cannot use alif and laam.

You must use after kam. The next word will be mansub. It will be nakira, means it will not be definite.

There will be no alif, laam and it will be. singular. It will be singular.

So I hope you have noted that and you can see as it is coming here. كَمْ أَخَنْ لَتْ كَمْ فُنْدَقًا فِي هَذِي الشَّعَالِ كَمْ مَدْرَسَةً فِي قَرْيَةِكْ All those words which are coming after come are singular, are indefinite, and mansoob. So three conditions we see they should come after come. However, there is another type of come as well, which is called come khabariya.

But we are not talking about that. That will come inshallah in future lessons. I'm telling you because if you come across the come with other things and you say, wow, we have studied something else in the class.

But come is not just this. There's another come as well. So maybe what you see, which is not meeting these conditions, could become khabariya. But that we will discuss in later lessons. Right now, we will be focusing on what is in front of us.

This come is to ask questions. And the alama is you can see question mark coming here, right? Number four. Change the Mubtada into dual in the following sentences.

Don't forget to match the Khabar in number with the Mubtada. We all know that Khabar must match the Mubtada. Hatha Kitabun.

This is a book. How will you say about two books? Hathani Kitabani. Right?

So you have Hatha Qalamun. Now sisters, you tell me. How will you say these are two pens? I hope it's very, very easy now. Add Alif and Nun after Hatha and add Alif and Nun after Qalam.

That's it. You're done. Hathani Qalamani. it means these are two pens, right?

Now, English, I'm saying these because I don't have a choice. I can either say this or I can say these. There is nothing in English for dual.

But in Arabic, we have. So, haza qalamun means this is a pen. If you want to do a kind of a word-to-word translation for your students, you may say to them, hazaani qalamani means these are two pens, right?

Or this are two pens, however you want to say it. But you can't actually correctly say it because it's not available in English, this concept. Sorry, So, turn into when you make two.

And you open up the this one, this star was opened up and you added And then Right in your notebook, it says, what are we going to do? What two changes will happen? This is a female student. How?

can I say these are two female students we'll say هَا تَانِي طَوَالِبَ تَانِي هَذَا الرَّجُلُ مُدَرِّسٌ هَذَانِ الرَّجُلَانِ مُدَرِّسَانِ you see every word changed into two هَذَا for two we added alif and noon الرَّجُل means one man to make two we added alif and noon مُدَرِّسٌ means one we wanna this is like a so we added alif and noon to it هَذَا الرَّجُلُ مُدَرِّسٌ هَذَا الرَّجُلُ مُدَرِّسٌ What is the Arab? We studied before Any word which is with Alif, Lam And if there is a small Ishara before that That word is So this is a noun sentence Because it's beginning With the noun So Where is the khabar? We must need khabar What's the transition For This man If I say this man And I become quiet He will say What do you mean by this man? Please complete your sentence So I have to complete it And I say This man is a teacher, now you're happy, right? So now, is the and is the which is matching in gender and in number.

So now when you make the two, you say So now your is So your also has to reflect So you say These two men, you can't say these two men are teacher. Even in English, you can't say teacher. You must add S. To give an indication, you're talking about more than one. So how will you say that here?

Mudarrisani. To give the indication, you're talking about two. Hazani rajulani mudarrisani. Hazat talibu minal hindi.

This student is from India. How will you say these? If you're talking about two, if you're pointing towards two students from India, how will you say?

Very simple. Hazani talibani minal hindi. You're not making Hindi into two countries. Same.

You're there not. two indians there's only one india so you're going to change only adani talibani what is another reason for that Very good. We have studied it before as well. Let's do the Arab.

Maybe somebody will say, why I'm not going to change Al-Hind because I'm changing it everywhere, making two, I will make two Indians. So let's see. Hada is Mubtada, right? Mubtada and Khabar match each other.

Remember that. Hada is Mubtada, which is Khabar. In Al-Hindi, it's a phrase Khabar, right?

So it's a phrase Khabar. It's not a noun Khabar that you have to match. You match the Khabar with the Mubtada when it is a one word Khabar.

Please sisters understand. You say Zaidun. Mareedun Fatimah to Mareedatun Now you are matching Male, male, female, female Because it's one word Zaidun Mareedun You are not using Ta marboota Because Zaid is masculine Fatimah to Mareedatun You are using Ta marboota Because Fatimah is female But what if they are In the masjid So it says Zaidun Fil masjidi Fatimah to Fil masjidi Both Khabar is same One is masculine Muftada One is feminine Muftada Why?

What's happening? Why we are not matching? Because we only match When the khabar is a one word khabar, you remember sisters, we have different types of khabar.

Khabar can be one word or khabar can be a phrase khabar or khabar can be a sentence khabar. Yeah, let me just give you something here. If you don't know it from before, if you have discussed it, write it down if you want to. Otherwise, we'll do it in future inshallah. So khabar is one word, one type.

Second type is khabar can be a phrase khabar. When khabar is a phrase khabar, It can be of two types. Phrase is divided into two types.

Either it will have harf jar or it will have zarf. So example for this will be, first of all, Zaidun maridun, one word khabar, done. Second khabar, phrase khabar. So phrase khabar has got two parts.

How will it look when it's harf jar in the khabar? Zaidun fil masjidi. So fi is there.

And al-masjid is there. This is a phrase, fil masjidi, in the masjid. And if I say Zaidun, Amama al-Masjidi. Amama is what?

In front of. Amama is the Zarf. So this is the Zarf.

So phrase can be of two types. Phrase could be with Harf Jar or phrase could be with Zarf with Adverb. I hope I'm not confusing you.

This is something we have done before. We will do in future. So don't worry about it. But it's important that we discuss these things when the lessons are easy. Right?

When it's too difficult lessons, then sometimes I try not to go into these details. Another type of khabar is a sentence khabar. Zaidun zahaba ilal madrasati. Zaidun is the muqtada. What's the khabar?

Zahaba ilal madrasati. The whole verb sentence, zahaba, he went ilal madrasati to the school. So Zaid, I become quiet. You say, please say something. I can say Zaidun maridun, you are happy.

I can say Zaidun fil masjidi, you are happy, you got the news. I can say Zaidun amaam al masjidi, Zaid is in the front of masjid, you are happy. Or I can say Zaid, he went to the school. you are happy. So he went to this school, the whole sentence is called Jumla-e-Failure.

It is coming and sitting in the chair of the Khabar. There is a possibility that you will have a Khabar which is actually a noun sentence sitting in the chair of the Khabar. We will do that in future lessons inshaAllah, don't worry. If I say Zaidun, Kitab-uhu Jamilun.

Zaid, his book is beautiful. So I say Zaid and I become quiet and you say please say something, I say Zaid. His house is beautiful, let's say.

Baytuhu jameelun. His house is big. Baytuhu kabirun. You are happy, right?

So Zaid is my Muftada. What am I telling you about Zaid? I'm telling you that his house is big.

So I say Zaidun, this is Muftada. Baytuhu kabirun. His house is big. So this is a khabar, which is a noun sentence, right? But don't worry about it.

We will deal with that in detail. I just went into tangent that you get something, you know, you have got some food for thought, inshallah. Anyway, we'll move forward.

Now, this card is for the headteacher. How will we say these two cards are for the headteachers? I hope it is clear by now. If you just look at the example number seven, same thing you will do with that one. You see, when you're pointing towards two, and you will add alif and noon.

how will you say to لِمَنْ هَذَانِ الْمِفْتَحَانِ beautiful structure may Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala have mercy on Sheikh Abdul Reem look how beautiful in this one he's coming with masculine and then dual هَذَانِ الْمِفْتَحَانِ look at the next one لِمَنْ هَذِهِ الْمِلْأَقَةُ to whom belong this is spoon now هَذِهِ is feminine and مِلْأَقَةُ is also feminine how will we make to لِمَنْ هَذَانِ الْمِلْأَقَةَانِ Write to whom belongs these two spoons. Next is read the following words and vowelize it. It means write correct vowel sign. So how will you say...

What will be the vowel sign sisters? Kalbani, maktabani, qamiswani. All you need to know is when you are making a dual, please pay attention, because in future there will be a few things coming and you may just get confused.

When you're making a dual, how do you know that this word is the dual or this word is an original word? Because you will see the noon has got a kasra. Maktabani, qamiswani, akhawani, mindilani. mistaratani, uchtani, imraatani.

Remember in the last lesson we have seen the plural of Qamishun that was Qumsan. One may say Qumsan, okay Qumsan is dual but we say is it Qumsani? For dual the condition is that the last noon will have a kasra.

Remember that there could be words which are ending on alif and noon. Usman, for example, somebody's name Usman. Is it a dual? Are we talking about two?

Is it Usmani? No, it can never be Usmani. But this will be discussed later on, inshaAllah. But Usman is ending on Alif and Naam.

Alif and Naam. Ramadan ending on Alif and Noon. Sorry.

Usman, Alif and Noon. Ridwan, Alif and Noon. So Ridwan, are we talking about two?

No. Ridwan is a name. It's nothing to do with two here. Why?

What's the proof? Proof is the noon has not got a kasra, but all of these ones which are dual, they will have kasra under noon. Maktabani, qamisani, uqtani, mindilani, kitabani, talibani, sayaratani. I hope you got that sisters. Now the sixth one is, make dual of the following words.

I hope nobody will have difficulty. Sayaratun, how will you make the dual? Sayaratani. Tabibatun, opandata, aidalif and noon, tabibatani. Lughatun opandata aida lifanun lughatani Mil'aqatun opandata aida lifanun mil'aqatani Ismun, what will you do?

Aida lifanun, sorry Ismani, tabibatun tabibatani Sadiqun is friend, sadiqani Mudarrisun, simply aida lifanun mudarrisani So one teacher became two teachers Hathani, sorry, hatha is one This and hathani is for two Waladun is one boy How we say two? Waladani Tājirūn is one. How do we say two?

Tājirāni. Bābūn is one. How do we say two doors? Bābāni. Hādhīhī.

How do we make Hādhīhī? Hātāni. There is a slight spelling change in Hādhīhī.

Just remember that, right? In Hādhīhī, we have a slight spelling change for the two. We say Hātāni. We just don't come with alif and nūn.

We make certain changes. The spelling is totally different. So, what we understood is, Mubtadā and Khabar must match in number.

So, all the muftadas must match in number. And these are the new words. Qam is a tool to ask a question.

How many or how much Al-Eid? We all know what is Eid. Al-Hayy is basically neighborhood.

Al-Raka'atu is a unit of praise. The plural is Raka'atun. Al-Ajalatu is the wheel and the plural is Ajalatun. Al-Riyal is the currency of Saudi Arabia and the plural is... is the ruler, the stationary item.

And the plural is Why not We saw Why is Why there is not Because it is one of those words which we have seen called But one may say, how am I going to remember every lesson you give two words? No, no. When we move forward, you will see there are just few words. And there's a pattern.

You see a pattern. Masajidu. Meemseen alif jeemdal. Masajidu.

Masatiru. They sound the same. They're rhyming, right? I'll tell you what is the tool to identify those words, inshallah, in future lessons. So that's it.

That's all for today's class. I hope it was easy. I hope you have enjoyed it. I hope you understood it. and there were no issues.

It was very, very easy. If we have to take today's lesson summary, the simple thing is, one thing we have learned basically, and that is how, basically what we learned was that in Arabic numbers are divided into, the Arabic language is divided into three categories when it comes to numbers, singular, dual and plural. In English, it's only singular and plural. Now the question was, okay, there's a dual, which is an Arabic language, which is not in English. How to make dual?

How to know this is about two? So the simple answer was take a singular word, add alif and noon to it, and it will become a dual. So if you have a word kitabun, which means a book, that is one book, you want to say two book, simply add alif and noon and it will become kitabani. Qalamun iphan.

You will say two pence, just add alif and noon in the end. They become two. If you have a word, sayyaratun, a car.

You want to say two car, simple. Just add alif and noon and before you add alif and noon, just open the ta because ta marboota usually comes at the end of the letter. You cannot have alif and noon coming after that.

You have to join. So sayyaratani. That's it. Tabibun, tabibani.

Tabibatun, tabibatani. Muslimun, two Muslims. Muslimani. plural is muslimuna there's a difference muslimani is two muslimuna is many and for female is muslimatun one single female for the plural muslimatun but how do you make dual simple muslimatun is the uh mufrad is the singular simply open the ta and add alif and noon muslima means to muslim women i hope it was easy sisters so you If there's nothing else, we will inshallah end the class.

Whatever good I said was only from Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala and whatever evil I said, whatever mistakes I have made are from myself and from shaitan. I ask Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala to forgive my sins. I respectfully ask you sisters to please overlook my shortcomings.

May Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala bless you all. May Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala forgive us all. Ameen. سبحانك اللهم وبحمدك أشهد أن لا إله إلا أنت أستغفرك وأتوب إليك السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته

Transcript for:Understanding Singular, Dual, and Plural in Arabic

Transcript for:
Understanding Singular, Dual, and Plural in Arabic