Overview
The presentation discusses psychosocial theories of aging, focusing on how personality and circumstances influence one's experience of aging through three major theories: disengagement, activity, and continuity.
Disengagement Theory
- Disengagement theory states that older adults withdraw from physical, psychological, and social activities as they age.
- Physically, elderly people have less energy and reduce their involvement in activities.
- Psychologically, they show less interest in external events and focus more inwardly.
- Socially, they engage less in interactions and experience increased isolation.
- Social isolation can negatively affect well-being, health, and quality of life.
- The theory is criticized for blaming the elderly and lacks strong support, though some disengagement may enable life reflection.
Activity Theory
- Activity theory argues that successful aging depends on maintaining interests and activities from middle age.
- Continued social interaction and engagement in activities, such as post-retirement work, are important for well-being.
- For some elderly, less activity allows greater enjoyment and satisfaction, suggesting "less is more" for certain individuals.
Continuity Theory
- Continuity theory emphasizes maintaining preferred levels of social involvement for well-being and self-esteem.
- Continuing previously enjoyed activities (church, school, hobbies) leads to greater life satisfaction in later years.
- Factors like independence, financial stability, and good health also contribute to happiness in aging.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Disengagement Theory — Older adults gradually withdraw from physical, psychological, and social activities.
- Activity Theory — Successful aging is achieved by staying active and maintaining social interactions.
- Continuity Theory — Maintaining consistent levels of activity and involvement results in well-being during old age.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Review notes on all three theories for better understanding.
- Reflect on examples of each theory in real life or personal experiences.