Writing a Synthesis Essay for the AP Lang Exam

Introduction

• Focus on tips for improving synthesis essay writing.
• Synthesis essay is question one on the AP Lang exam.

Understanding the Prompt

• Prompts may be familiar or obscure.
• Read the context: Understand perspectives on the issue.
  • Ask: Why are people discussing this issue?
  • Consider: Why did the College Board choose this prompt?
• Read the prompt statement. Convert it into a question to help plan your essay.

Brainstorming

• It's helpful to brainstorm a tentative stance before reading sources, though not mandatory.

Analyzing the Sources

• 6-8 sources provided, at least one visual (chart, picture, etc.).
• Important to read the provided info (citations, italicized info).
• Identify positions in each source (for/against/neutral).
• Not necessary to read every source if some don’t support your argument.

Handling Visual Texts

• If unclear, skip and return after reading other sources.
• Sources are not in any particular order.

Annotating Sources

• Develop a system for annotations (bullet points, stars, etc.). No highlighters allowed.
• Note main ideas and potential quotes.
• Use "strong verbs" (suggests, illustrates, etc.) for commentary.

Creating a Quick Outline

• Helps establish logical argument direction and organization.
• Not a detailed outline, but a blueprint for the essay.
• Consider including concession/refutation if applicable.

Developing a Defensible Thesis

• Assert a clear position.
• Simple thesis initially, restate more complexly in conclusion.
• Avoid advocating equally for both sides.

Selecting & Citing Sources

• Cite at least three different sources.
• Use sources to support your argument.
• Identify relationships (support/contradiction) between sources.
• Use selective, not excessive, source quoting.
• Citing sources:
  • Use source letter or author's name.
  • Parenthetical citation (source name in parentheses).
  • Period goes outside the parentheses.

Commentary

• Focus on analysis, interpretation, and more commentary than evidence.
• Connect evidence back to thesis.
• Consider real-world implications of the issue.

Timing and Practice

• Exam standard: 15-minute reading, 40-minute writing.
• Start with extended time, then reduce to exam standards.

Conclusion

• Help AP Lang students and teachers by sharing resources.
• Connect with fellow educators on social media.