This lecture is on the cell, and it will be a fairly short lecture because we're just going to cover the basics. You'll likely learn more specifics in other courses. So, for the cell, I'm first going to review the cell membrane. And what I'm actually going to do is I'm going to draw a big cell right here. It's going to be just a big circle.
So that's our cell and this outer part is our cell membrane right here. So within that we're actually going to have something called a double phospholipid membrane. And that is arranged with two cells, as you can see, just like this, with tails going towards the center of this membrane. And we're not going to cover in detail what...
the details about this membrane, but just know that it's really meant to create a barrier to separate things that are intracellular or inside the cell and things that are extracellular or outside of the cell. And it can also allow different like it has different like channels to allow things to cross to enter exit the cell um but that is what the cell membrane um those are part of the cell membrane is that double phospholipid membrane so the next thing we're going to learn is cytoplasm And cytoplasm essentially means just everything inside of this cell membrane out here. Okay.
Now, oftentimes people will get cytoplasm confused with cytosol. So that's the next term we're going to learn is cytosol. The cytosol is just the liquid part of the cytoplasm. So you can think about the cytoplasm, I like to think of it as that's a longer word.
So to that it kind of means it contains more, so it's everything inside of here, outside of the nucleus. And then this... Cytosol is just the liquid or aqueous part of the cytoplasm.
Okay, so the cytoplasm is essentially the area of space outside of the nucleus and it consists of both the cytoplasm and the aqueous part of the nucleus. cytosol and the other organelles. And we're going to learn about the organelles in a moment.
So I'm actually going to add that in. It's going to be super small written here, so I apologize. It's a little squished towards the bottom. But the cytoplasm consists of cytosol and organelles. Alrighty, so now that we have those two terms, organized what I'm going to do is I'm going to talk about the different organelles.
This just means little organs. So first we have the nucleus. And that really functions as the brain of the cell and contains DNA.
Then you have something called the mitochondria, which is referred to as the powerhouse of the cell. And it's referred to that because it makes ATP, which is essentially turns into energy. So that's why it has that name of the powerhouse of the cell.
Oops, there we go. Let's draw that out. I'm gonna draw it how it's drawn in most textbooks, which is usually in some sort of like purpley pink color. Next we're going to have the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
So the rough endoplasmic reticulum is different because it has something called ribosomes, which are little like spherical structures. And what those ribosomes do is they make protein. I'm going to draw our rough endoplasmic reticulum here and on the outside I'm just going to put little dots that are our ribosomes and that's how we know that it's our rough endoplasmic reticulum.
But don't forget we also have our smooth endoplasmic reticulum. And essentially that they both help with transport around the cell. So here's the smooth one, and you know it's smooth because it doesn't have any ribosomes on it. Our next... Organelle is called the Golgi body and sometimes it's referred to as the Golgi apparatus.
So I'll write that down too. It's our Golgi. And essentially this is the, it packages things for delivery around the cell. And we're going to draw it up here.
And the last organelle that we're going to discuss is called lysosomes. And those are essentially our trash collectors. And it's actually filled with enzymes.
And that's important because enzymes help break things down. So it kind of collects the trash and then breaks it down. So lysosomes are little spherical structures as well.
So we're just going to draw them as little dots right there. And you know, these can move around the cell as well. So this covers the basic structures of the cell that we need to know for anatomy.