hi everybody dr mike here in this video we're going to take a look at the processes of spermatogenesis and oogenesis in two minutes spermatogenesis is the process of producing mature sperm cell with a copy of the father's dna oogenesis is a production of an egg that contains the genetic material from the mother the sperm will fertilize the egg and the genetic material will come together and form an offspring now with spermatogenesis this is beginning in the testes a certain cell type called spermatogonia which is a stem cell contains two copies of each chromosome from chromosome 1-23 for simplicity sake i've just drawn two chromosome one now when the male hits puberty around about 10 to 14 years of age this genetic material will double up now you can see we've doubled up each of our chromosome one then the chromosome one and all the other chromosomes will start to combine and you can see it swaps the genetic material from this arm then it gets pulled apart into two separate cells and then gets pulled apart again into four separate cells and what we end up with are four cells that contain only one copy of each chromosome we began with two copies finished with one this is called a diploid cell this is called a haploid cell in the epididymis these all grow a little tail and form mature sperm cell now when we look at oogenesis for females this process doesn't begin at puberty but in utero so the two chromosomes will double its genetic material in utero when that individual is in their mother's uterus and then it pauses until they hit puberty then the genetic material will cross over just like it did in the males and be pulled apart just like it did in the males but in this case a small cell is produced with less cytoplasm called a polar body and that's usually discarded and then another larger cell is produced that contains double genetic material this is actually what's ovulated and then one of the sperm cells will come along and fertilize this egg this is when it goes undergoes the next process of splitting apart where it will split apart and form another cell that is very similar to a polar body with half the genetic material and another one that will contain the dna from the mother and the dna from the father this is what gets implanted into the endometrium and hopefully develop into an embryo