Lecture Notes: Cell Organelles and Structures Review

Introduction

• Review of cell organelles and structures.
• Mentioned in intro to cells video and other videos.
• Guess the organelle/structure based on clues.
• Rating each organelle/structure.

Organelles and Structures

Cell Membrane

• Found in all cells (prokaryotic and eukaryotic).
• External structure.
• Controls what goes in and out of the cell (important for homeostasis).
• Rating: 8/10 (important but not cute).

Cell Wall

• Found in most prokaryotic cells and some eukaryotic cells (e.g., plant cells).
• Provides structure and additional protection.
• Rating: 6/10 (not into walls, unfair not all cells have one).

Centrioles

• Found in eukaryotic cells (animal cells, not in plant cells).
• Come from the centrosome, involved in cell division.
• Spindle fibers involved.
• Rating: 4/10 (rude, reminds of tamales/churros).

Chloroplast

• Found in plant cells (eukaryotic, not in animal cells).
• Involved in photosynthesis (makes sugar).
• Rating: 10/10 (cute, makes sugar).

Cytoplasm

• Found in all cells (prokaryotic and eukaryotic).
• Everything inside the cell except the nucleus.
• Cytosol: jelly-like substance part of the cytoplasm.
• Supports organelles with the cytoskeleton.
• Rating: 2/10 (too much, extra).

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

• Found in eukaryotic cells (both plant and animal cells).
• Highway for materials (has folds), processes molecules.
• Types: Rough ER (ribosomes, makes protein), Smooth ER (makes lipids, detoxification).
• Ships out items in vesicles.
• Rating: 6/10 (confusing nickname, labyrinth).

Golgi Apparatus

• Found in eukaryotic cells (both plant and animal cells).
• Modifies, sorts, and packages materials for delivery.
• Rating: 9/10 (fun to say).

Lysosome

• Found in eukaryotic cells (typically animal cells, debated for plant cells).
• Contains enzymes to break down substances (digestion).
• Rating: 10/10 (wrecking ball, enzyme grenade).

Mitochondrion

• Found in eukaryotic cells (both plant and animal cells).
• Makes ATP in cellular respiration (energy currency).
• Rating: 2/10 (too many memes).

Nucleus

• Found in eukaryotic cells (both plant and animal cells).
• Houses DNA, controls cell activities.
• Rating: 8/10 (easy to draw, cool stuff).

Ribosome

• Found in all cells.
• Makes protein.
• Rating: 9/10 (solid work ethic).

Vacuole

• Found in eukaryotic cells (both plant and animal cells).
• Stores materials (water, proteins, waste depending on cell type).
• In plant cells, usually one large central vacuole.
• In animal cells, several smaller ones.
• Rating: 3/10 (suspicious, vague).

Conclusion

• Reviewed an alphabetized list of organelles and structures.
• More organelles and structures exist beyond those mentioned.
• Importance for quizzes, tests, and understanding cell function.
• Dysfunction in organelles can lead to diseases affecting the entire organism.
• Examples of conditions: ER dysfunction, mitochondrial disorders, ribosomopathies.
• Importance of research for treatment.

Stay curious!