sensory perception presented by Sharon Celestine clinical instructor at delado Community College sensory perceptual student learning outcome by the end of this class you will be able to explain the common causes and effects of sensory alteration discuss sensory perceptual changes that occur with aging outline ways to maintain a safe environment for patients with sensory deficit differentiate between presbyopia myopia cataracts glaucoma and macular degeneration using health languages related to sensory perceptual in an appropriate context and you will be able to utilize the nursing process in planning care for patients with sensory perceptual alteration what is sensory perception perception simply implies the use of the senses in our possession to gain a better understanding of the world around us sensory perception is understanding gain through the use of one of the sensings such as light taste touch or hearing as humans we have five basic senses again they are touch s Hearing smell and taste the sense and organs associated with each sense sends information from the brain to help us understand and perceive the world around us for example light reflects off a surface stimulating our eyes or warmth emanates from a hot cup of Beverage thereby stimulating our tou senses or the receptor in our skin the process of sensory perception begins when something in the real world stimulates our sense organ it is important to understand the difference between sensory reception and sensory perception with sensory reception the process of receiving stimul eye or data through the sensory organ can be external or internal for example some Sensory neurons respond to tactile stimuli and can activate moton neurons in order to achieve muscle contraction whereas with sensory perception the awareness and interpretation of stimuli that takes place in the brain an example of this would be someone listening to a sound that is playing on the radio and knows what sound it is just from hearing it that is the awareness that takes place in the brain normal sensory perception how does memory play into sensory perception how does awareness impact sensory perception so information is normally pass from the sensory memory into our shortterm memory where again it's help for only a short period of time while many of your shortterm memories are quickly forgotten paying attention to the information and processing it allows it to continue into longterm memory an example of this form of memory is when a person sees an object briefly before it disappears once the object is gone it is still retained in memory for a very short period of time the two types of sensory memory are iconic memory which is Visual and echoic memory which is sound alteration in sensory perception is any alteration in the sensory function that affects a person capacity to connect to and function in environment in environment safely it can be resulted from normal aging process genetics or congenital factors underlying illness or injury lifestyle factors distractions sensory overload or sensory deprivation or pharmacological it's important as nurses that we do understand what are expected changes to the agent eyes here are a list of them ability of the iris to accommodate to Darkness decreases pupil reaction are symmetric but they are less bris peripheral vision diminishes adaptation to light glare diminishes accommodations to Fall Away object improves but accommodation to near objects decreases visual changes due to loss of elasticity and diminishing transparency of the lens and color Visions decline there are other considerations that may also affect the eyes the profusion to the sensory organs comorbidities such as diabetes cardiovascular disease and hypertension chronic infections lifestyle choices such as smoking ear or eye protection either use or not use dietary supplements vitamin A zinc and antioxidants when you begin to initiate nursing care you can apply the nursing process assessment diagnosing planning implementation slash intervention evaluation your assessment of the sensory perception should include observation and a patient interview mental status exam identification of your patients risk factors patients environment safety factors patient support network and a physical exam nursing care diagnosis is not limited only to sensory perception it can also include diagnosis related to your patient's safety cognition communication self infection and stress and coping it's important to incorporate all Concepts when initiating a diagnosis for your patient when initiating planning aspect of the adpie it should include goals and help promotion such as prevention of minimal lost of sensory function teaching on chronic diseases such as diabetes and hypertension smoking sensation the use of ultraviolet light protection an assessment of the medications that can alter cognition teaching on Stress Management and isolation and also safety from injury patient teaching is part of our responsibility as nurses teaching on primary prevention such as routine screening is important eye exams every 2 to three years and PRN for any visual changes when 40 years and older and as needed with any visual changes I exams every 1 to two years if a family member has a history of glaucoma I exams annually if comorbidities such as diabetes or hypertension exist and when the patient is greater than 65 years old Audiology exams every 10 years for adults and PRN for any hearing changes that may occur nursing care interventions can be independent or collaborative independent nursing interventions include assessing patients understanding of disease process and alteration assess and promote safety of patients environment educate patient about medication regimen and and plan of care initiate referrals to other members of The Care team monitor patient adherance to plan of care monitor progression of care plan and or disease and teach reinforcement use of assisted device collaborative interventions includes bringing another professional into the plan of care for the patient which can be medical management of the patient's condition administer meds as order assist with procedures facilitate patients obtaining assisted device as needed and collaborate with other members of the team to optimize patients outcome it's important to assess a patient to see what type of sensory AIDS may be necessary for the patient visual deficit for example eyeglasses of correct prescription adequate room lighten sunglasses bright contrast colors magnifying glass phone with large numbers clock with large numbers color code items for easier recognition large print reading material b or books or tape recorders podcast see and ey dogs as we know communication is also important when giving care with our patient we want to make sure that we always announce your presence and identify yourself stay in the patient field of vision speak in a warm Pleasant tone at a normal volume explain what you're doing before you touch the patient explain sounds in the environment provide multiple methods for patient to receive information and also validate reception understanding of communication one of the reason one of the ways you can do this is by ask the patient for return demonstration or maybe ask the patient to explain what it is you have just communicate to them nursing care evaluation it is the last step of the nursing process this process is when you evaluate the outcome of your intervention this is where you ask have the intervention helped the patient to meet their goal you must reassess the defining characteristics that you use to identify the problem to determine if those goals are met if the goals were not met further evaluation of the goals may be necessary or of the intervention in an attempt to meet the patient's goal again if these goals have not been met it may be an opportunity for you to implement another intervention interventions can be used at any point until those goals are met alterations with sensory perception can be myopia presbyopia cataracts glaucoma and macular degeneration this slide provides information on the different types of alterations a description of the AL alterations the manifestation and also the intervention therapy myopia also known as nearsightedness is a vision condition in which people can see close objects clearly but objects that are further away appears to be blurred myopia occurs if the eyeball is too long or the corer the clear front that covers the eye is too curved PR Opia is a gradual age related loss of the ey's ability to focus activity on nearby objects it's also known as for sidedness it usually becomes noticeable in early to mid 40s and worsens until around age 65 symptoms may include the need to hold reading material at arms length to make letters clearer blood Vision at the normal reading distance and eye strains after reading in rare cases it may cause headaches the condition can be corrected with non-prescriptive or prescriptive eyeglasses contact lens and surg surgery is really necessary cataracts most are the results of a normal aging process it also can be from excessive exposure to UV lights it usually begins at the peripheral of the lens and then becomes cloudy reducing light transmission most cataracts develop slowly over the course of years the main symptom is blurry vision having cataracts can be like looking through a cloudy window when a cataract interferes with someone's usual activity the Cloudy lens can be replaced with a clear artificial lens this is generally a safe outpatient procedure here are a couple key points of cater surgery you may want to share with your patient as we have previously discussed it is important that you implement patient teaching you should discuss with your patient what to expect postoperatively postoperatively with cataract care let your patient know it's okay for light activity no strenuous activity for weeks and ey Shield when sleeping for protection follow the doctor's order regarding eye drops protect your eyes from the bright sunlight let the patient also know there may be some clear crusty drainage that may be expected don't rub your eyes inde definitely no makeup until they see the MD and no swimming until the MD okays it a call should be placed to the opthalmologist if any of this occur decrease in Vision the first day might be blurry but anything past that you should call the opthalmologist pain that persists despite the use of over the to pain medication like Tylenol or Ibuprofen Motrin light flashes or you see black spots which are considered floaters any nausea vomiting or excessive coughing please notify the opthalmologist gloma it's known as the silent thief of vision a group glaucoma is a group of eye condition that can cause blindness with all types of glaucoma the nerve connecting the eye to the brain is damaged usually due to high eye pressure the most common type of glaucoma open angle glaucoma often has no symptoms other than slow vision loss angle closure glaucoma although rare is a medical emergency and its symptoms include eye pain with nausea and sudden visual disturbances treatments may include eye drops medication and and sometimes surgery age related macular degeneration is the leading cause of legal blindness and impaired Vision in people older than 60 age related macular degeneration AMD is a problem with your retina it happens when the part of the retina called immacula is damage with AMD you lose your central vision you cannot see fine details whether you looking at something close or far but your peripheral your side Vision will still be normal for instance imagine you looking at a clock with hands with AMD you might see the the clock numbers but not the hands this information was provided by Elizabeth wolf RN and presented by myself Sharon Celestine clinical instructor