Bloodborne Pathogens are microorganisms in human blood that can cause diseases such as Hepatitis B (HBV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV).
Transmitted through human blood and other bodily fluids including semen, vaginal fluid, vomit, and feces.
Spread through contact with a worker's mouth, nose, eyes, or broken skin, often via needle sticks or cuts from contaminated sharps.
OSHA considers these as potentially infectious materials.
Key Pathogens
HIV: Causes AIDS, weakens immune system, no cure. Spread through blood and sexual contact.
Hepatitis B: Attacks liver, can cause cirrhosis and cancer. Spread through sharing needles or sexual contact. Symptoms include fatigue, abdominal pain, and jaundice.
** Hepatitis C**
OSHA Regulation 29 CFR 1910.1030
Employers must:
Establish an Exposure Control Plan.
Use universal precautions.
Implement Engineering and Work Practice Controls.
Provide appropriate PPE.
Offer Hepatitis B vaccinations.
Use signs and labels to communicate hazards.
Provide training and maintain records.
Offer medical evaluations for exposure incidents.
Occupational Exposure
Defined as anticipated contact with blood or infectious materials during employee duties.
Common in medical, dental, janitorial, first responder, food preparation, and childcare professions.
Employers must assess job classifications for exposure risk and maintain a list of tasks involving exposure.
Prevention and Control Measures
Universal Precautions: Assume all blood and OPIM is infectious. Used in medical facilities and other workplaces with exposure risks.
Hepatitis B Vaccine: Highly recommended for employees, provided at no cost.
Engineering Controls
Devices or equipment that isolate or eliminate hazards, such as:
Sharps disposal containers.
Self-sheathing needles.
Employers should regularly update these controls.
Work Practice Controls
Alter task performance to reduce exposure, e.g., frequent hand washing and regular cleaning of work areas.
Prohibit unsafe practices like eating in contaminated areas.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Provides a barrier against infection; includes gloves, masks, and goggles.
Used when hazards can't be eliminated by engineering controls.
Employers must train employees on PPE use.
Workplace Hygiene
Maintain cleanliness and sanitation.
Implement cleaning schedules based on area and task.
Use EPA-approved disinfectants.
Warning Labels and Disposal
Labels on containers of waste, fridges, and transport materials.
Use of red bags or containers as alternatives.
Exposure Incident Response
Immediate washing and flushing of exposed areas.
Report incidents for documentation and medical evaluation.
Medical evaluations include blood tests and possible Hepatitis B vaccination.
Employer Responsibilities
Maintain a written Exposure Control Plan detailing:
Jobs and tasks with exposure risks.
Engineering and work practice controls.
PPE requirements and housekeeping methods.
Educate employees on accessing and understanding the plan.
Conclusion
Treat all blood and bodily fluids as infectious.
Vaccinations are effective in preventing illness.
Follow engineering controls and work practice changes to minimize risk.
Ensure regular cleaning, use PPE, and adhere to the exposure control plan.