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Michigan Property and Casualty Insurance Overview

Apr 23, 2025

Michigan Property and Casualty Insurance Pre-Licensing Course

Introduction

  • Provided by Michigan School of Insurance for preparing for property and casualty lines of coverage licensing exam in Michigan.
  • Aims to provide basics necessary to be an insurance producer.

Table of Contents

  1. General Insurance
  2. Insurance Regulation
  3. Property Basics
  4. Casualty Basics
  5. Homeowners Policies
  6. Dwelling Policies
  7. Personal Auto Policy
  8. Commercial Package Policy
  9. Commercial Property
  10. Commercial Crime
  11. Commercial Inland Marine
  12. Equipment Breakdown
  13. Farm Insurance
  14. Commercial General Liability
  15. Business Auto Policy
  16. Businessowners Policy
  17. Workers Compensation
  18. Other Coverages and Options

Chapter 1: General Insurance

Risk and Insurance

  • Risk: Possibility of loss.
  • Types: Speculative (chance of loss or gain) & Pure (only chance of loss).
  • Insurance: Transfers risk from individual to insurance company.

Key Concepts

  • Exposure: Potential for losses.
  • Hazard: Increases the chance of loss (types: physical, moral, morale).
  • Peril: Actual cause of a loss.
  • Loss: Direct (physical) or Indirect (consequential).

Methods of Handling Risk (STARR)

  • Sharing
  • Transfer (via insurance)
  • Avoidance
  • Retention
  • Reduction

Elements of Insurable Risks (CANHAM)

  • Calculable, Affordable, Non-catastrophic, Homogeneous, Accidental, Measurable

Underwriting and Binder

  • Underwriting: Evaluation of risk and premiums.
  • Binder: Temporary insurance contract.

Law of Large Numbers

  • Predicts losses based on large numbers of exposure units.

Types of Insurers

  • Admitted: Stock & Mutual insurers.
  • Non-Admitted: Surplus Lines insurers.
  • Lloyd's Associations: Not insurance companies but a hub for underwriters.

Other Types

  • Risk Retention Groups, Self-insurance, Reinsurers

Producer/Insurer Relationship

  • Agency: Relationship between agent (producer) and insurer (principal).
  • Authority: Express, Implied, Apparent.
  • Fiduciary Responsibility: Trust in handling funds.

Contracts

  • Elements: Competent parties, Legal purpose, Agreement, Consideration (CLAC).
  • Characteristics: Adhesion, Aleatory, Personal, Unilateral, Conditional.
  • Indemnity: Restore to pre-loss condition.
  • Doctrine of Reasonable Expectations
  • Representations, Misrepresentations, Warranties, Concealment, Fraud, Waiver, and Estoppel.

Chapter 2: Insurance Regulation

State Laws

  • Regulated by Department of Insurance and Financial Services (DIFS).
  • Director: Enforces laws, issues licenses, investigates, and can levy fines.

Licensing

  • Requirements for Resident Producers and Agencies.
  • Counselor's License: For those advising for a fee.

Appointments

  • Producers must be appointed by insurance companies to sell policies.

Education & Compliance

  • Continuing Education: 24 hours every 2 years.

Unfair Practices

  • Fraudulent Activities: Misrepresentation, Coercion, False Advertising, etc.

Federal Regulations

  • Privacy: Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act.
  • Terrorism Insurance: TRIPRA of 2015.

Chapter 3: Property Basics

Insurable Interest

  • Must exist at the time of loss.

Loss Ratio

  • Key measure of insurance profitability.

Policy Structure

  • DICEE: Declarations, Insuring Agreement, Conditions, Exclusions, Endorsements.

Valuation

  • Actual Cash Value (RC - Depreciation), Replacement Cost, Functional Replacement Cost.

Co-Insurance

  • Requires coverage of at least 80% of replacement cost.

Chapter 4: Casualty Basics

  • Third-party contracts.
  • Duty to Defend: Obligation to defend insured under liability policy.
  • Negligence: Legal duty, Breach, Causation, Damages.
  • Defenses: Contributory & Comparative Negligence.
  • Liability Forms: Absolute, Strict, Vicarious.
  • Damages: Compensatory (Special & General), Punitive.

The notes continue to cover each chapter in detail, discussing specific policies, coverages, exclusions, endorsements, and more, to provide a comprehensive overview of property and casualty insurance as outlined in the course materials.