[Music] laughs who is Galileo Galilei have you ever heard of a man named Galileo Galilei he was the first person to use a telescope to study the stars and he also discovered that the moon had craters and mountains instead of just being flat he was also sentenced to life in prison by the Catholic church because it did not like his scientific discoveries want to learn even more about this famous scientist and mathematician great let's take it all the way back to Pisa Italy on February 15th 1564. the day that Galileo Galilei was born Galileo was the oldest of six kids and his dad was a well-known musician and music theorist he spent nine years of his childhood studying at a Catholic monastery in Florence Italy in 1583 he enrolled at the University of Pisa to study medicine but later switched to mathematics unfortunately Galileo ran out of money for college two years later and had to drop out this did not stop him from studying though he continued to study mathematics and supported himself by teaching mathematics and even art Galileo became especially interested in studying forces of motion one day while he was teaching Galileo noticed a chandelier hanging from the ceiling that kept swinging back and forth he also noticed that the swinging took the the same amount of time whether or not the chandelier swung a lot or just a little this discovery challenged the current beliefs at the time and came to be known as the law of pendulum which led to the use of the pendulum to keep track of time wow around the year 1609 Galileo learned of the telescope which had been invented in the Netherlands later he built his own version and made a few improvements as he was using his telescope Galileo discovered some interesting things such as the different phases of the planet Venus and the discovery of four moons revolving around the planet Jupiter here's an interesting fact in Galileo's honor these four moons are now known as the Galilean satellites Galileo also studied Nicholas copernicus's theory that the sun was the center of the solar system and provided evidence to prove this theory he shared his knowledge in a book called dialogue concerning the Two Chief World Systems which ultimately led to his arrest and imprisonment by the Roman Catholic church but we will get back to that in a minute here are a few other of Galileo's discoveries and inventions discoveries Saturn's rings the planet Neptune sunspots inventions thermometer pendulum clock geometric compass during Galileo's day the Roman Catholic Church was the institution that held all of the Power religiously and in the government Galileo studies and findings brought him into conflict with the church this is partly because the church still taught that the Earth was the center of the universe even though that was not true Galileo was told to not teach or defend copernicus's ideas but he continued to do so anyway he was branded a heretic or unbeliever by the church this led to him being sentenced to life in prison which was soon changed to house arrest here is an interesting fact the Catholic Church officially apologized for arresting Galileo in 1992 359 years after Galileo's death better late than never right Galileo became blind in 1637 but still continued to work publishing another book just a year later he died on January 8 1642. now that we have learned some cool new facts let's review true or false Galileo invented the telescope balls but he did improve on the design and used the telescope to make his own unique discoveries fill in the blank Galileo provided proof that the blank revolves around the Sun and not the other way around Earth true or false Galileo discovered four of Jupiter's moons true these are called the Galilean satellites great job friends Galileo Galilei was a true Trailblazer who courageously shared new science and math during a time when it was kind of scary to do so there is a reason why he is called the father of modern science maybe one day you will have the chance to stand up for something you have discovered and be brave just like Galileo hope you had fun learning with us visit us at learnbrite.org for thousands of free resources and TurnKey solutions for teachers and homeschoolers [Music]