πŸ“š

Understanding Anatomy for Estheticians

May 3, 2025

Milady Esthetics Chapter 2: Anatomy and Physiology

Importance for Estheticians

  • Understanding anatomy and physiology is crucial for estheticians to effectively treat clients and understand the body systems involved in skincare.

Cell Structure and Function

  • Protoplasm: Colorless, jellylike substance in cells.
  • Principal Parts of the Cell: Includes protoplasm, nucleus, cytoplasm, and cell membrane.
  • Nucleus: Found in the center of the cell, important for cell reproduction.
  • Cell Reproduction: Cells reproduce by dividing into two identical "daughter cells."
  • Favorable Conditions for Cells: Suitable temperatures, waste elimination capability, and an adequate supply of nutrients, oxygen, and water.
  • Nucleoplasm: Fluid containing proteins and DNA within the cell nucleus.
  • Metabolism: Complex chemical processes for living functions.

Types of Tissue

  • Adipose Tissue: Provides smoothness and contour to the body.
  • Epithelial Tissue: Protective coverings on skin, mucous membranes, and linings of organs.
  • Nerve Tissue: Carries messages, controls, and coordinates body functions.
  • Connective Tissue: Supports, protects, and binds other tissues.

Organs and Systems

  • Organs: Collections of tissues performing specific functions.
  • Body Systems: Groups of organs working for a common purpose.
    • Integumentary System: Includes skin, hair, nails, and glands.
    • Skeletal System: Composed of bones and joints.
    • Circulatory System: Describes the movement of blood through the heart and body.
    • Digestive System: Includes stomach and intestines.

Skeletal System

  • Cranium: Composed of 8 bones.
  • Forehead Bone: Frontal bone.
  • Side and Top of Cranium: Parietal bones.
  • Ear Region Bone: Temporal bone.
  • Upper Jaw Bone: Maxilla.
  • Largest Facial Bone: Mandible.
  • Occipital Bone: Hindmost skull bone.
  • Arm Bone: Humerus.

Muscular System

  • Muscle Parts: Origin, insertion, and belly.
  • Muscles:
    • Orbicularis Oculi: Closes the eyes.
    • Masseter: Used in chewing.
    • Corrugator: Draws eyebrows down, wrinkles forehead.
    • Platysma: Lowers jaw and lip.
    • Sternocleidomastoid: Rotates head.
    • Deltoid: Covers shoulder, lifts arm.
    • Biceps: Contours front of arm, flex elbow.
    • Supinator: Turns hand outward.
    • Extensor Muscles: Straightens wrist and fingers.
    • Abductor: Separates fingers.
    • Flexor Muscles: Bend wrist.
    • Trapezius: Assists in arm swinging.

Nervous System

  • Central Nervous System (CNS): Controls consciousness and mental activities.
  • Cranial Nerves: Estheticians focus on specific nerves for facial treatments.
  • Peripheral Nervous System: Carries messages to/from CNS.
  • Autonomic Nervous System: Regulates involuntary muscles.

Circulatory System

  • Blood Composition: Carries oxygen and nutrients.
  • Veins: Return deoxygenated blood to the heart.
  • Blood Vessels: Connect arteries to veins.
  • Largest Artery: Aorta.

Lymphatic and Endocrine Systems

  • Function: Protects against disease, maintains fluid balance.
  • Hormones: Endocrine system affects almost every physiological process.

Key Functions of Organs

  • Liver: Discharges bile, helps digestion.
  • Spleen: Filters blood, supports immune system.
  • Kidneys: Eliminate waste, filter blood.

Study Areas

  • Anatomy: Study of body structure.
  • Histology: Study of tissue structure.
  • Physiology: Study of body functions.
  • Neurology: Study of nervous system.