Middle Ages Cathedral Architecture

Types of Architecture

• Romanesque
• Gothic

Romanesque Architecture

• Meaning: Roman-like architecture
• Features:
  • Rounded arches
  • Thick walls to support structure
  • Buttresses to counteract outward force
  • Limited windows, usually at the top near the roof
  • Fortress-like appearance

Issues with Romanesque

• Thick walls prevent windows at lower levels
• Dim interiors due to lack of windows

Gothic Architecture

• Differences from Romanesque:
  • Buttresses moved outward (Flying Buttresses)
  • Arches connect buttresses to walls to distribute force
  • Walls can have more windows, allowing more light inside
  • Introduction of pointed arches (Gothic arches)
  • Large windows, often stained glass

Key Identifiers

• Romanesque:
  • Rounded arches
  • Thick walls
  • Small or minimal windows at the bottom
• Gothic:
  • Pointed arches
  • Flying buttresses
  • Large windows, especially stained glass

Examples for Understanding

• Romanesque:
  • Rounded arches
  • Windows mostly at the top
  • Fortress-like structure
• Gothic:
  • Flying buttresses
  • Pointed arches
  • Larger windows, including at the bottom

Practical Application

• Lean Tower of Pisa: Romanesque
  • Rounded arches
  • Minimal windows at the bottom
• Other Examples:
  • Identifying Gothic architecture by flying buttresses and pointed arches regardless of decorations
  • Identifying Romanesque architecture by rounded arches and limited windows at the bottom

Summary

• Romanesque architecture is identified by rounded arches, thick walls, and limited windows, resembling a fortress.
• Gothic architecture features pointed arches, flying buttresses, and large stained glass windows, allowing more light inside.