[Musika] Shutter music [Musika] [Musika] Okay, a pleasant good morning sa inyong lahat no and welcome back to my virtual classroom. Okay. Sa subject natin na accounting in CIS environment, nasa week 9 na tayo. At ang ating pag-uusapan eh yung expenditure cycle from purchasing to cash disbersement. So let's start. So ibigay din natin no ating mga lessons na nakuha na at yung kukunin pa. Actually malapit ng matapos yung ating ating semo nasa finals na tayo. Okay. So actually itong ating idi-discuss ay part ng ating finals no. Okay. So kung matatandaan ninyo sa lesson 5 ating diniscuss yung computer fraud. Number six naman, yung computer fraud and abuse techniques, no? Sa seven naman yyung control and accounting information system. Okay. Sa number eight yung revenue cycle. Okay. Revenue cycle and sales to cash collection. At ito nga pag-uusapan natin ay yung expenditure cycle from purchasing to cash disbersement. Okay? Ang kasunod naman niyan yung conversion and payroll cycle, no? So maaring pag-isahin na lang natin instead of separate, no? Okay? And then yung number 11 'yung financial reporting management cycle. Okay? At 'yung number 12, 'yung electronic commerce. Now, meron pang isa no yung enterprise resource planning system. Yan. So yan yung mga natitira pa no na kailangang ma-discuss natin no. Okay. So hopefully ma-discuss lahat within ito nga medyo maano na yung time frame natin. Halos 1 month pa lang ha. Okay. Now bigay din natin kung ano ba yung mga learning objectives. Yung una discuss the overview of flow expenditure cycle. Now yung pangalawa discuss the integration of technology in expenditure cycle. Yung pangatla pangatlo, know the different threats of disbersement process. At syempre kung merong threat o risk ay meron dapat i-discuss din natin kung ano ba yung mga different disbersement controls no? So part yung kasi ng inyong magiging responsibility as an internal auditor o kaya dun sa mga ano no dun sa mga CIS no o yung mga visa east no para naman dun sa mga BSA is either internal audit or external audit eh dapat alam niyo no ano ba 'yung mga threat no at ang mga pupwede natin na i-recommend na control no i-recommend na control in an CIS environment no yung accounting now okay so simulan natin ngayon no yung unang parte so ba kumbaga parang ito ay introduction to expenditure cycle now mahalaga class na malaman natin no map manual or ah mamaya pag-uusapan natin yung reengineered meaning na-install na yung accounting system. Pero malaman din natin muna natin ano ba talaga o ano ang ginagawa sa expenditure cycle. Ha? Now by definition ang expenditure cycle is a recurring set of business and related information processing operation associated with the purchase payment for goods and services. Now the first function of AIS is to support the effective performance of organization business activity. Now, yung mga sinasabi natin dito yung effective um actually efficient no? So maging efficient din aside from being effective yung processes. Ito yung mga repeated na ginagawa lagi no. So sa accounting cycle no. So meron dito ang mangyayari dito pag in-installan ng accounting information system eh nawawala na no. Actually ang computer na ang gumagawa ng mga repeated task ha. Okay. O kaya nga lang meron ding kaakibat na ano yun ' ba syempre merong mga ah pag sinabi kasi nating reengineering meaning merong magkakaroon ng epekto o maaaring may mawalang mga tao no yung sa process mo magiging efficient kasi hindi mawawala na e computer na ang gagawa no. Okay. Now, sa expenditure cycle, una, the primary external exchange of information is the with the supplier or vendor kung saan kung saan ka bumibili. Kasi the expenditure actually itong expenditure cycle hindi naman limit lang limited lang sa ano no sa kunyari sabihin natin sa pagbili ng mga materials no para sa paggawa ng produkto but also expenditure related also in a acquisition of assets o kaya yung sinasabi natin expenditure related naman sa labor like for example yung pagbibigay ng payroll kaya nga meron tayong separate discussion non Ha? Okay. Now, information flows to the expenditure cycle from the other cycle. No, actually related din siya sa iba pang mga cycle. Now the revenue cycle katulad nito related siya sa revenue cycle, production cycle, inventory control and various department provide information also about the needs to purchase goods and materials. Now, ' ba yung pag nagpu-purchase kasi sa mga malalaking kumpanya meron talagang sabihin natin assign na purchase department. Now, heads up natin mamaya pag-uusapan din natin ' ba itong purchase department kinokolekta niya lahat no nung pangangailangan na kailangang bilih ng department at yun ay pinagpipila pa sila ng purchase requisition form. Now, pag na-summarize niya, nakikita niya na ng purchase department na okay 'di ba? Syempre dadaan muna yan sa scrutiny ng purchase department. lahat nung gustong bilhin no ng ano ng mga department 'di ba? Okay. Gagawa na ngayon ng purchase order para ibigay sa mga vendor. O yung vendor naman syempre pag na-receive nila yung purchase order ire-repack nila and then ide-deliver nila no sa mga ah sa umo-order sa kanila. Okay. Now dito ngayon papasok ngayon yung delivery receipt ba at ikukumpara dun sa purchase order. Now, related lahat yan class no yung mga document na n-mention ko. Okay? Pag gagawa ngayon ng delivery receipt, gagawa ngayon ng receiving report no? Yung nakapag-receive no. Okay. At yung receiving report, ang matatanggap namang kasunod no nung kumpanya eh yung sale yung ano yung invoice no na naniningil ka na kasi kumpleto na yung yung ano yung transaction na-deliver na eh 'di ba? So dito ngayon magre-recognize ka ngayon ng accounts payable ha. Pagkatapos non yung accounts payable doun ngayon magbabayad na. So basically nabigay ko na sa inyo kung paano yung expenditure cycle. Kaya lang idetalye natin para mas maintindihan niyo. Now information also from the expenditure cycle. Okay? When the goods and materials arriv, no, the expenditure cycle provides information about the receipt of to the parties that have requested them. Actually, yung mga ano na yun, yung mga dokumento na yun, may mga copies yun at yun ay may pagbibigyan ng mga kopya. Okay. Now, ang ano nga lang dito sa accounting information system wala na tayo, paperless na tayo. So whatever yung mga transaction na yun, parang scan copy na lang no? Mga transaction na yun no ang mare-receive ng mga each department na involved sa expenditure cycle. Ha? Okay. So wala na, paperless na. Pero ngayon nga sa ano pa rin ang syempre ang mahalaga pa rin dapat kumpleto, no? Kumpleto pa rin 'yung documentation para masabi natin 'yung accounts payable natin ay tama. Ha? So information is provided also to the general ledger and reporting function for internal and external reporting. Now ito ngayon yung recording na no sa mga journal gan ba? Subsidiary ledger. Okay. So sa ledger general leder subsidiary leder and also to do sa financial statement na no. Okay. So kung yung sa mga sinabi ko ito yun no kasi related ngaung expenditure cycle sa different cycle. So and also to the various department. So yan yun no yung illustration niyan. Okay. Now expenditure cycle ang business activities no. Actually ito yung pinaka-major no yung mga steps no ordering goods supplies of services no and then receiving and storing this item and then also approving and paying for this item. Actually ito mini-mirror lang nito no yung activities in revenue cycle nung tayo idiniscuss natin yung revenue cycle. Kaya nga lang sa kabilang ano tayo ' ba point of view kasi ' ba pagdating kasi doun sa pag ano sa there is a two ano no parang sabihin natin buyer and seller 'di ba? So tayo ngayon on the point of view of the buyer ha. Okay so simulan natin sa ordering goods and supplies and services no yung pagpapaliwanag. Now meron tayong mga key decisions dito no. Una sa identifying what, when to purchase and from whom ' ba. Okay. So, pinaliwanag ko na nga sa inyo syempre 'yung mga ina-identify na kailangang i-purchase ay manggagaling sa mga different department through the purchase requisition form na pinipilapan nila. Now, itong mga purchase requisition form nito ay sina-summarize ng purchase department. Now there are certain weaknesses no in inventory control can create significant problem with this process. So ano ba yung mga ano na yan weaknesses na yan? Una inaccurate record shortage ' ba. So usually kung wala kang mga maayos na recording abay o na ngayon no wala na palang materyales na gagamitin ' ba. Wala na palang mga supplies na gagamitin 'yung mga department. So anong mangyayari? Maeepekto ito sa operation ng kumpanya. Okay. Kung ano, kung walang maaayos na pagre-record ng mga maano sabihin natin ang inventory. Okay. One of the key factors affecting this process is the inventory control method to be used. No so alternative inventory control methods. Syempre ito yung mga karaniwan. Okay. Binigay sa inyo no? Lalo na ito sa financial management yung economic order quantity ha. Okay. So ito diniscuss din ito nung ano nung sa ah actually sa financial management more of yung financial management no kung kailan ka magkakaroon ka ng reorder point no just in time no. Okay so sa cost accounting na-discuss doon in just in time wherein yung inventory ay iano wala ng mine-maintain na inventory and materials requirement planning or MRP. O ito naman yung projected no. So bina-budget mo na talaga yung material usage mo na. Okay. So meron ong software no kung saan ma ano madali na-compute na no kung magkano yung ano magkano o ilan yung projected na materials o mga pangangailangan ng isang kumpanya sa buong ano na yun no sa lahat na yun no hindi lang isang departamento ha. Okay. Now ordering goods and supplies and services no. Okay. So, EOQ is the traditional approach to managing inventory. Okay. So, idi-discuss lang natin yung mga nabanggit natin kaninang mga different methods no ng inventory. Ang goal nito is to maintain enough stock so that production doesn't get interrupted. Now, tandaan natin may cost kasi yyung ordering cost at meron ding cost din yyung maintain ano maintenance kumbaga yung pag-storage mo. So ito optim nao-optimize niya yyung dalawang post na iyon ha. So under this approach an optimal order size minimizing the sum of several cost. Now ito nga yung nabanggit ko nga yung ordering cost at saka yung carrying cost. Yung carrying cost e yung ordering cost syempre may ano yun eh delivery cost. Kung palagi kang nag-o-order then mas marami kang cost 'di ba? O so iniiwasan 'yung palagi kang mag-o-order kasi al ah kaya nga nagme-maintain ka ng inventory na tamang-tama lang no. Now yung carrying cost naman syempre yung um pagme-maintain mo 'di ba yung mga storage ng inventory. So may mga gastos din doun no. Like for example ag rental ' ba o security para ma-secure mo 'yung inventory mo. Okay? Now 'yung stock out cost ito 'yung pinakatatlo. Ito 'yung pinakadelikado na kung saan wala kang maibibigay na uh inventory o kunyari materials o kaya 'yung merong binibili 'di ba? 'Yung ibig sabihin may binibili 'yung customer mo wala ka ng wala ka ng wala kang maibigay 'di ba? Ano 'yung problema dito? Maaaring lumipat ng ibang supplier 'yung bumibili 'di ba? Kasi wala ka laging ano eh wala ka laging inventory na pupwedeng ibenta don sa nangangailangan. Okay. So 'yan yung formula no ng EOQ. So hindi naman natin concern yung mag-compute tayo ng EOQ 'di ba? Actually ginagawa ito sa financial management and even um sa cost ano cost accounting no. So the EOQ formula is also used to calculate reorder point no kung kailan ka oorder the inventory level at which new order should be placed. Okay ' ba yun nga yung isa sa mga problema eh 'di ba? Okay yung mga magkakaroon ka ng problema na wala kang magagamit no? Other more recent approaches to try to minimize or eliminate the amount of inventory car. Okay? So yung discussion niyan yyung computation o yyung application actually sa financial management no? Okay. Another iyung material resource planning. Okay. So ito yung MRP seek to reduce the inventory level by improving the accuracy of forecasting kasi budgeting no. So technique and carefully scheduling production and purchasing around that forecast. Okay? So ito ano rin yun no? That is an application. Okay? So para at least yung inventory properly managed kasi na-forecast mo ng maayos lahat yung pangangailangan ng isang kumpanya. Okay. Now, yung pangatlo yung Get no just in time no. So system to attempt to minimize or eliminate the inventory by purchasing or producing only in response to actual as opposed to forecasted sales. Now, doon ka palang oorder kung sakaling merong pangangailangan ' ba. Kaya nga ang lagi kong ginagawang example dito ay yung mga sabihin natin dealer no ng mga sasakyan. ' ba kung mapapansin ninyo everytime na merong sabihin natin magpapagawa ng sasakyan, pinaiiwan nila yung sasakyan kasi wala silang readily na inventory to replace yung mga parts na maaaring nasira dun sa sasakyan. So ito yung ngayon yung kaya nga sa just in time doun lang sila oorder ng materials. Okay? So meron to pag-uusapan naman ito sa cost accounting no. So kung okay kung babalikan ninyo 'yung cost accounting ninyo, um doon pinag-usapan natin 'yung concept ng just in time at the same time yung computation and accounting entries. Okay? Now this system have frequently small deliveries of material parts and supplies directly to the location where production will occur. A factory with the GE system will have a multiple receiving dosari work. Okay. Now, advanced inventory control system automatically initiate purchase request when quantity falls below the reorder point. That is one of the reason kung bakit gumagamit tayo ng mga ganitong different methods na computerized system na. Like for example sa just in time um ano doun sa ano natin EOQ natin may mga program na um nagno-notify no nino-notify niya na ito below the level na so kailangan mo ng mag-order o sometimes meron pa nga advance eh automatic mago-order na yun gagawa na kaagad ng mga ano kung nag-fall na sa below no yung mga items na kailangan ng bilhin Okay. Okay. So nag ano no actually ito yung isang ano no whatever the inventory the order processing typically begins. No actually yung kaninang binabanggit ko sa inyo na yung purchase requisition. So magsisimula yun sa mga purchase requisition coming from the different department. Now ito yung isang example o yung itsura ng purchase requisition no. Actually sa ano natin uh dati 'yan nakasulat pa pero ngayon doun sa application ng ating technology o yung accounting information system nasa EDI na no electronic data interchange no kung saan meron ng gawa na form okay magpi-fill up ka na lang kung ano yung mga kailangan to submit no doun sa purchase department okay so nag-ano no actually the request of purchase good or supply is triggered by either the inventory control function o kaya yung empleyado ' ba ibig sabihin yung ano ang magti-trigger ' ba tulad nung EOQ nag-fall na sa below no below the inventory level automatic mag-i-initiate na kaagad siya ng purchase requisition so automatic no o kaya kung hindi na wala namang ganong system yung mismong empleyado na incharge no no sa bodega no so usually nagkakaroon siya ng routine kung kailan binibilang niya kung ilan na lang ang natitira. So dun naman siya naman ang mag-i-inform no. Ah just the same pareho lang sila no na magfu-fill up pa rin ng purchase requisition. Okay so sorry doun sa nagano no medyo nagpatong no hindi ko naano. So dito the need to purchase good typically result the requisition. O ito yung purchase requisition nga that is a one form. Ito yung mga documentation na kailangan ha. Okay. Now, who is the requesting the goods? Actually, ito yung ano, yung nilalaman nung purchase requisition. Ah nagbigay ako ng example no where they should be delivered when they are needed. Items, number, description, quantities and prices of each item no na ino-order possibly a suggested sell ano supplier. Kaya lang class ito yung suggested suppliers nangyayari lang ito kung wala pang records talaga no. Wala pang records talaga yung sinasabi natin yung purchase ano yung purchasing department. O 'di ba meron ngang ano nito eh yung kunyari ba merong accredited na supplier ' ba. So meron yung certain requirements ang isang company ah for a supplier to become accredited. Okay? So department number and account number to be charged no. Okay. Most of the detail on the suppliers and the item purchase can be pulled no from the supplier and inventory master file. Okay. So actually may master file ang purchase department no. Now the purchase requisition is received by the purchasing agent the buyer. Okay. In the purchasing department who typically performs the purchasing activity. In manufacturing companies, the function usually reports to BP of manufacturing. So yun yung nagha-handle no. Once a suppliers have been selected for a product, their identity identity should become part of the product inventory master file. Kasi repeated na yun eh. Kumbaga kung ah 'yun yung ano mo ' ba. Ang ano naman yan class ano eh tinitignan din kung sino 'yung mas mura 'di ba? 'Yan 'yung isang bagay na kailangang ano eh i-resolve. mas mura yung yung quality at saka dependable ba na makakapag-deliver talaga on time. Okay. Elis potential alternate should be also be maintained. Now ibig sabihin hindi lang isa ang pupwedeng maging pagkukuhanan mo o vendor mo. Eh papaano kung biglang nagkaroon ng problema yung bendo? Saan ka kukukuha? So therefore, dapat nagme-maintain ka na at least isa o dalawa o tatlo ang nagsu-supply sa'yo. Now for the product that are seldom ordered the selection process may be repeated every time. Ha? Okay. Now the second major business activity involves ordering of supplies of materials. So ito yyung mga key decisions nga yung determine the bendor at syempre yyung factors that should be considered nga. 'yung nabanggit ko sa inyo 'yung una 'yung presyo ng binibili, pangalawa 'yung quality of materials na binibili at 'yung pangatlo 'yung dependability of making deliveries. makakapag-deliver online. Ha? Okay. Now, a purchase order is a document or electronic form that formally request a supplier to sell and deliver specified product at specified price. Now, ito ngayon kapag naano na no na-summarize na lahat yung mga purchase requisition. O, dito na ngayon kung okay na then purchase order will be created. Now, the PO is both contract and promise to pay. Now, ano yung inclusion niya nung PO? Names of supplier and purchasing agent, order and requested delivery dates, delivery location and shipping method, no? And also details of the items ordered. Now, multiple purchase order may be completed for one purchase requisition if multiple vendors will fill the request. Ha? Now the ordered quantity may also differ from the requested quantity to take advantage of quantity discount. Ha? Okay. Baka mamaya ganito yung purchase requisition. Kunyari sabihin natin ang kailangan lang talaga niya nung department na yon ay 10. Eh ngayon ang mangyayari bakit nagbigay sa kanya 20? Eh kasi pag umorder ka ng 20 merong purchase discount. So ang tine-take advantage lang nito yung kung ano discount yung quantity discount yun baka mamaya kasi magtaka yung department 10 lang po ang ni-request ko bakit dumating ang bente. Okay? Ang ginawa lang ng purchase department kaya ginawa niyang bente para makakuha ng discount sayang din yung discount no. So blanket order naman is a commitment to buy specified items that specified price from a particular supplier or a set of time period. So yung purchase order ito yung kaibahan dun sa blanket order no. Now ang blanket order reduce buyers uncertainty about reliable material source no help supplier plan capacity and operation. Now, e parang sinasabi lang nito yung blanket blanket order parang sinasabi nito o ito yung mga magiging order namin sa inyo sa isang buong taon. So nasa ganon maano na mapagplanuhan na nung vendor kung papaano niya susuplyan yung pangangailangan no yun yung sa blanket. Okay. Ito naman yung example ng purchase order no ng document ha. Okay. So, receiving on storing this item. Ito naman. Now, pag dumating na, syempre pag na-receive na yung purchase order ng bendor, ang gagawin niya ire-repack niya na no for shipping, for delivery. Okay. Now, pag dumating ngayon yung delivery, ang ginagawa diyan yung purchase order. Okay. Ikukumpara dun sa delivery receipt no? Syempre ikukumpara yan kung tama ba yung quantity at saka yung kanilang anoung specification ng ano ' ba. So iisa-isahin yan bawat deliver. Okay. Now, granting kunyari sabihin na natin tama tama lahat yung mga item na nakalagay sa purchase order at saka yung dumating. Magke-create ngayon ng receiving ah document no yung clerk na nag-receive nung mga ano ng mga ah goods no. Now, normally reports to warehouse manager who reports to BP manufacturing. Yun yung nagre-receive, no? Now, inventory stores typically store the goods, no? Also report to the warehouse manager. Now, the receipt of goods must be communicated to the inventory control function to update the inventory records. Okay. Actually, yung ano yung receiving yung ano yung receiving report actually yun yung ipapasok. Now, tatlo na yung dokumento na inyong ah ano no na i-encounter ' ba yung requisition file, purchase order tapos receiving. Now, kung na-receive na yan, okay na yan. 'yung kopya na 'yun pagbalik niya dun sa vendor 'yung vendor magpapadala na ngayon ng invoice. ' ba kumpleto na yung ano yung ating transaction okay ' ba nakapag-deliver na eh kung nakapag-delivery na at tinanggap mo tinanggap nung kumpanya may karapatan na ngayon yung vendor na maningil sa'yo. Okay? And yun yung document na yun sales invoice ha. So apat na 'di ba? Kasi yan na yung magiging basis mo o yung attachment mo para dun sa voucher na gagawin. Okay? Yung voucher naman para doun sa recognition ng accounts payable. Okay? So yun yung mga ano no yun yung mga documentation. Now two major responsibility of the receiving department deciding whether to accept the delivery. Okay? Now kasi merong mga pagkakataon class okay niya sabihin natin umorder ng baso eh dumating basag ' ba. Eh hindi mo ia-accept yun. Ire-return mo 'yun no ' ba. O kaya meron naman dumating kunyari ang color na ino-order green eh biglang biglang dumating black. O ikaw na ngayon respon ano mo na ngayon kung tatanggapin mo o hindi ' ba. O kaya merong gasgas ' ba yun yung mga karaniwan mga problema eh sa receiving. Now verifying the quantity and quality of delivered goods. No the first decision is based on whether there is a valid purchase order. Kaya nga yung purchase order kinukumpara dun sa delivery receipt. 'Di ba kinukumpara yun? Yun yung isang requirement. Baka mamaya merong dumating tapos wala namang purchase. Wala naman ho kaming ino-order ho eh ' ba. Bakit meron ho kayo? Baka sa iba niyo sa ibang kumpanya po 'yan. Kaya nga bahaga na meron ka munang purchase order. Pero yung purchase order ang requirement niya yung purchase requisition file. Yun yung mga ano ah yun yung mga requirement. Wala muna walang purchase order kung walang purchase requisition. Okay? Now wala rin namang ano walang delivery kung dapat meron kang purchase order. Okay. Accepting unordered good waste time, handling and storage. O ' ba yun yung isa sa mga magiging problema mo niyan ' ba. Okay. Now, ang isa pa niyan yung pagbabalik ' ba. So may gastos din yun. Now verifying the quantity of delivery goods is important. So the company only pays the goods received ' ba. Okay. Pangalawa, the inventory records are updated accurately. Okay. The receiving report is the primary document used in this process. No so attachment no dapat magkakasama yan no. If the document of the date of goods received shipper, supplier, MPO number. Now yun yung ano yan yung mga kailangan na naka-reflect doun sa receiving. Now show items, description, unit measure and quantity of each item. Provide space for signature and comments by the person who received and inspected. Now, yung mga comments na yun baka sabihin niya kunyari o ito dumating to may gasgas ' ba. Okay. So nino-note niya na lahat yung maaaring sabihin natin may problema ' ba. Okay. Now the repo services is typically documented by the supervisor approval of the supplier invoice. Ha? When goods arrive, receiving clerk compares the PO number and the packing sleep. No when the open PO file to to verify the goods were ordered then counts the goods examine for damage beforeing to warehouse or factory. Okay? Bago ito. No so na-inspect na talaga ng mabuti no? So walang sira 'di ba? Three possible exception of this process. Okay? Huwag mo ng gagawin. Hindi mo na kailangan pang gawin yung dalawa na nabanggit natin. The quantity of goods is different from the amount ordered. Okay? Pangalawa, the goods are damaged. No so hindi mo na kailangan pang ibalangin o kaya examin kung sakaling nakita mo na kaagad physically talaga o yung mga nangyari. The goods are inferior quality 'di ba? Okay? So yan yung mga exemption. Now if one of these exemption occurs, the purchasing agent resolves the situation with the supplier. So kailangan i-communicate na kaagad nila no na ah ito may problema kasi baka mamaya kung hindi mo na-communicate properly ' ba ' ba parang ano ' ba parang merong kunyari dapat merong ito return within 7 days ' ba parang ganun eh. Eh kung yun kung hindi mo na-communicate properly, lumagpas ng 7 days then sinasabi mo okay yan ba. Now the supplier typically allows adjustment to the invoice for the quantity discrepancy o binabawas sa presyo no. Now if the goods are damage or interior a debit memo is prepared after the supplier agree to accept a return or grant a discount. Now, dalawa lang naman pepwedeng gawin diyan eh. Is either bigyan ka ng kabawasan o did-discount o kaya mababalik mo ha. One copy goes to the supplier who returns a credit memo in acknowledgement. So dito meron kang purchase return and allowances no just in case you decided to return no o kaya yung allowance naman that is a kabawasan no reduction in the price no. one copy to accounts payable to adjust the accounts payable. Okay? Yung accounts actually sa accounting kasi meron kaang accounts payable department, accounts receivable department. So we assume na malaking kumpanya no? Now one copy to shipping to be returned to the supplier with the actual goods. No ito naman yyung receiving report. an example of the receiving report ha. Okay. So kung mapapansin ninyo may mga numero yun because there is a control no prenumbered na control yun kasi isa yun sa mga nilalagay o reference ' ba kunyari sa document kunyari purchase order meron siyang nilalagay na number doon ng purchase requisition file 'di ba? So kumbaga in reference 'di ba para well documented. Now paying for goods and supplies and services. O dito na tayo sa pagbabayad no. There are two basic subprocess involved in the payment process. Yung una yyung approval muna ng vendor invoices. Okay? Ini-inspect yan. Now, kasama sa pag-i-inspect niyan yung mga attachment o supporting documents. Okay? Like for example yung ma ano yung ah purchase requisition file, yung purchase order, yung delivery receipt 'di ba? So yun yung mga kailangan na naka-attach doun. So bago apprubahan actual payment of the invoices no approval of vendor invoices is done by the accounts payable department which report to the controller. Now there is a legal obligation to pay arises when goods are received. O kaya nga ' ba na-receive kaya nga nagbibigay ng invoices. So therefore magre-recognize ka na ngayon ng accounts payable ba? But most companies pay only after receiving and approving the invoice. Okay. Now, this timing difference may necessitate adjusting entries at the end of the fiscal period. Now, objective accounts payable authorized payment only for goods and services that were ordered and properly received. Now, ano yung mga required na information no? Purchasing about the existence of valid purchase order receiving for receiving reports indicating goods were actually received. No, okay. Now, plus ' ba pagkatapos nito ' ba gagawan kasi ng voucher yun eh ' ba para magkaroon ka ng record ng accounts payable. Now, sa voucher system ikumpara natin sa nonvoucher system. So a disbersement under the voucher system, a disbersement voucher is prepared which list no actually yyung outstanding invoices for the supplier. Net amount to be paid after discount and allowances. Okay. Now, a disbersement voucher effectively shows which account will be debited and credited along with the account numbers. Now, ang advantage niya, several invoices may be paid at once, no? Which reduce the number of checks written ' ba? Ito yung mga open voucher ' ba. Kumbaga pinipili mo pinipili mo kung ano yung mga voucher na kaya mo ng bayaran. Meron naman ang voucher naman based on the due date ' ba kunyari ito magdu-djune nito so uunahin mo muna yung due date o kaya within the discount period ha. Okay. Now, vouchers can be preenbered which simplifies the audit trail of payables. No. Okay. Invoice approval is separated from the invoice payment which make it easier to schedule both to maximize efficiency. Now, yung nonvoucher naman, each invoice is stored in open invoice file. Okay. Meron kang folder. Ito ngayon yung open invoice file. Yung sinasabi natin na meron kang folder, nandun lahat. pipiliin mo na lang dun sa folder na yun ' ba kasi wala naman ong ano eh preumbered eh kung ano lang yung kaya mong bayaran when a check is written the invoice is mark paid and then stored in the paid invoice file. Okay ' ba may ano ng cheek tapos nakita mo na ngayon pumasok na yung cheek or paid na yun actual payment of the invoices no? Okay. Payment of the invoices is done by the cashier who reports to the treasurer. Actually ito iyung gumagawa nung check no. The casha receives a voucher package which consists of the vendor invoice and supporting documentation like for example iyung purchase order and receiving report. Now this voucher package authorized issuance of a check or electronic fund transfer o EFT no to the supplier. Okay. Now processing efficiency can be improved. So requiring the supplier to submit invoices by EDI. Ha? Okay. So, electronic data interchange, no? So, sa computer na having the system automatically match invoices to PO and receiving report. Okay. So, 'di ba ano yan eh outstanding yan eh 'di ba? Pero ngayon pag nilagay mo yung number na yun, kunyari nag nag-aano ka na nung ano nung sa ah pagbabayad, ilalagay mo yung mga reference ' ba. May mga control kasi yung mga document eh. Pag nilagay mo yung reference na yun, matatanggal na yun sa mga outstanding kundi mapupunta na siya sa mga closed ah account no. Wala na siya doun sa outstanding. Eliminating the vendors invoices. Using procurement cards for non-inventory purchases. No okay so using company credit cards and electronic forms for travel expenses. Actually ito yung mga ano no hindi naman lahat kasi dadaan no sa disbersement no. So ito yung mga instances na ibang pamamaraan no likeung example use of procurement cards no and credit cards and for travel expenses. Now ire-reburse mo naman yan ba now preparing careful cash budget to take advantage of early payment discount. Ha? Now, using Fedy to pay suppliers, no? Ito yung fund transfers din. Okay, number two na tayo no? So, integration of technology no. So at least alam na natin kung papaano or papaano yung ano expenditure cycle 'di ba? So ano ba yung benefit o challenges of technology integration? Okay. So dito na ngayon papasok na ngayon yung pag yung tinatawag natin na reengineering kung saan um accounting information system will be in place no o kaya ilalagay installed no. Okay. Ano ba yung benefit? Increase efficiency and productivity. Okay. Sa paanong pamamaraan ' ba yung mga repeated task ay mai-eliminate ba mai-eliminate yun. Now, so therefore mas tataas yung efficiency and productivity. Now, maiiwasan din natin yung mga mali no yung mga karaniwang pagkakamali mali yung ano nailagay computation. So usually yung accounting information will do the ano yung sabihin natin yung efficient na computation no. Okay. Now, improve accuracy and reduce error. Enhance visibility and transparency. No, okay. Sa paanong pamamaraan ba usually yung mga ano na yan is nakikita nila ba may check and balance din o saving through process optimization. O kasi may mga mai-eliminate nga na mga repeatedly task no. Now, ano naman yung challenges niyan? Syempre yung implementation cost ' ba mahal din kung kunyari lalo na yung mga sinasabi natin yung mga ERP no o yan yung mga ano yung mga high ah sabihin natin accounting system no resistance to change from employees o lalo na kung maaapektuhan 'di ba sabi ko nga sa inyo kanina na 'yung reengineering maaaring ang isang empleyado ay matanggal because magiging redundant na yung kanyang function kasi in-absorb na ng accounting information system. Okay? So therefore, merong resistance. O kaya maaaring sabihin hindi naman tanggalin. Okay? Para magkaroon siya ng trabaho eh ililipat siya no. Ito meron kami dito doon ka muna sa probinsya. O pero usually yung mga ganyan kapag redundan nag-o-offer sila ng ano ng mga sabihin natin ng ah redundant. nag-o-offer sila ng mga ano no yung retirement packages. Okay. Integration issues with existing system. Okay. So yung in-implement yung bagong i-install na accounting system may not no compatible kunyari lalo na sa mga legacy system ' ba. Kunyari mga legacy system yung binanggit natin yyan. Ito yung mga luma na no luma na ng mga computer system. Now, cyber security risk and data privacy concern. Okay. Now, the role of technology, yung RFID and inventory management software. Now, karaniwan ang isang nagiging problema natin ba eh wala tayong maayos na ah makakapagbigay ng information na wala na pala 'yung ganong materials o produkto o kaya 'yung gagamitin, 'di ba? Wala na. Now, ano yung kasagutan dito? Ano yung role? Yung pag-i-install ng RFID. Now, yung RFID ' ba ito ay hindi nabago sa inyo. Kasi ' ba kung kayo ay nadadaan sa tol fee, RFID na lang ' ba, kung saan ini-scan ' ba a certain ano na item dun sa sasakyan and then automatic nade-debit o ina-update niya yung information ba. Now yung RFID ang ibig sabihin niyan radio frequency identification. Now, RFID technology uses radio wage to identify and tract objects. Tags are attached to item allowing for automatic scanning without the line of site. No. Now, in the receiving process, RFID enable faster and more accurate identification of incoming goods. Now ang isang naging epekto nito 'di ba yung RFID doun? Lalo na doun sa sa ano no sa toll ' ba ' ba sa mga tol fee no sa NLEX o south ano SLEX 'di ba eh nawala na yung mga ka-share doun 'di ba? So therefore nakatipid ng malaki 'di ba? Kasi pinapasweldo mo machine na lang ang nagre-read automatic nade-debit yung amount doun sa card 'di ba? Naka-store doun sa card. Now, benefits include reduce manual labor, improve inventory accuracy, and enhance visibility throughout the supply chain. Like for example, merong goods na lumabas, automatic iu-update niya yung inventory. 'Di ba lumabas eh ' ba lumabas yung ano 'di ba? Parang ganun din yun. Actually isang example din yung POS 'di ba sa mga grocery ' ba yung sa POS doun everytime na um yung binibili 'di ba dumadaan sa barcode reader automatic din ano niya ina-update niya yung inventory no nung produkto na binili ha okay inventory management software. So inventory management software help business track inventory level order and sales and deliveries. Now rate time inventory tracking no. So ito iyung mga features no. Automated reordering based on the preset threshhold integration no ah with the barcode scanner and RFID system. benefits include optimized inventory level, reduce the stock out ' ba? Kasi automatic kapag ito ay below na sa inventory level, magno-notify na magkakaroon ng reorder na, no? So therefore, nagkakaroon ng improved operational efficiency. Okay? Now, requesting goods. Actually, ito iyung iba pa no iyung everytime na nagre-request tayo ng goods no, like yung ' ba iyung una iyun eh that is unang step ' ba wherein lahat ng mga department they will ano no they will file ng purchase requisition form. Now dito instead of paper documents ang pinipilapan eh online na ginagawa. So therefore gagamit ng EDI o electronic data interchange ha. Okay. So instead of paper documents, okay, barcode technology that facilitates the maintenance and accurate perpetual inventory records. Now, sa purchasing goods naman syempre yung activity 2 eh edi uli kung saan hindi niya napadadala pa yung papel doon sa vendor. Kung hindi through the computer, mag-o-order siya dun sa ano vendor, papadala niya na ngayon ba. So EDI na now procurement cards naman non ano no yung sa inventory and also the internet the use of internet. Now dito naman sa receiving ng ano receiving of goods no. Okay. So, bendo requirements to barcode all the products na dumating ' ba ba pag dumadating then automatic ia-update naman niya ba kung ito ay ano kung ito ay ah sabihin natin na tama na-inspect na hindi naman best basta na lang iba-barcode mo no. Passive radio frequency identification no satellite technology o ito magastos na now approve vendor invoices so this is activity four no okay so ibig sabihin na-receive na ng properly tama doun sa purchase order so therefore yyung approval na ngayon ng invoices no again electronic data interchange usually ang pag-a-approve nito 'di ba with the documents actually wala na paperless na eh yung document nandun na yun naka Nakalagay na, naka-attach na. And ngayon ang mangyayari nito, nakapending ngayon pag pinadala mo, naka-pending ngayon for approval. So pag kinlick ngayon nung approving officer, 'di ba lalabas na ngayon doon yung mga documents para nasa ganon meron siyang information ah the basis for approval ha. Okay. Elimination of vendor invoices entirely no? Kasi nga electronic na. image processing and optical character recognition oct 'di ba? Ibig sabihin 'yun nga 'yung ano nga 'yung ano na paperless na eh nasa computer na no? Corporate credit cards no. Ayan. Okay. Now invoice processing no? Invoice processing automation. Now, ito naman class yung ba nagpadala ng invoice yung vendor. Okay. Papaano mo ngayon to ipo-process? O, syempre kailangan mo uli yung mga previously na documents na involved no sa disbersement. Okay. The processing automation streamline the AP process by digitizing and automating invoice handling. No anong mga ano niya? Include 'yung OCR. Okay. Ibig sabihin napi-picture niya. Pag kinlick mo, makikita mo ng buong-buo talaga kung ano yung dokumento. For extracting data from paper invoices, automated invoice routing and approval workflow. 'Di ba? Actually kunyari yung ano material process ' ba pag in-encode yun pupunta yun sa purchase order. Ngayon pag nakagawa naman ng purchase order at nabigay sa bendo, automatic yung mga sabihin natin kung computerized environment yung mga document automatic nadi-distribute sa mga concern na department no. Okay. Integration with accounting software for SIMless data transfer and benefit includes reduce processing time, improve accuracy and enhance visibility into payables. Okay. Now, kasama din din dito yung workflow automation, no? Yung iba pang nangyayari hindi lang dun sa mga documents na yung process ng mga documents na nabanggit natin. Now, ang isa dito klase yung for example pag-update ng inventory 'di ba? Yung pag-update ng records nung mga ano nung subsidiary leder and general ledger no ng accounts payable. So automatic ano niya yun no? Automatic na na ina-update now workflow automation extends beyond invoice processing to automate various AP task. Automatic generation of payment reminders and notification. No? Ito yung mga example no. Escalation procedure for overdue invoices. O kaya nga ano eh class eh ang isang ano nito is nino-notify o ito magju-june na ' ba? Magju-jun na yung ano yung babayaran mo ' ba. Isa yun sa mga parang features nung accounting information system. O ito within the discount period. Kumbaga parang nakikita mo na kaagad o ito yung mga schedule of payment. Okay. Now, integration with the procurement and inventory system for seamless data exchange. Now, ano yung kanyang ano um benefits? Include increase efficiency, standardized processes and reduce manual intervention. Ha? Okay. Now, when it comes to payment, oto pagbabayad na. Now, iba ang ginagawa pa rin yung cheeke, no? Okay. So, sabi ko nga ito pag-aaralan niyo sa financial management no kung saan pepwede niyong i-delay yung pagbabayad nung cheeke at mapapabilis naman ninyo ang pagkolekta just in case yung collection ng receivable no. So ang involved diyan 'yung tinatawag natin na opportunity cost 'di ba? Mabilis mong naano, mabilis mo nakolekta 'yung pera, okay? 'Yung collection mo then mas kikita ' ba kasi pepwede mong magamit agad eh. Pero yung sa pagbabayad na nade-delay mo then eh kung 3 days kunyari milyon malaki kikitain non ' ba. Okay. So, HCH transfer no automatic ano facilitate electronic fund transfer or EFT no between bank accounts. No, they are commonly used for payroll deposit, vendor payments and recurring bill payments. No, ACH transfer offer advantage no automated clearing house yun ha. Such as speed, security, cost effectiveness compared to traditional paper check. Actually sa ngayon ba lahat halos na ngayon ang more on ano na tayo ang mga tao na sanay na dun sa mga sabihin natin electronic no payment system like for example tayo ba yung pagbabayad natin before ng mga Meralco yung mga tubig yung mga errands natin ay pumupunta pa tayo sa bangko para manually na bayaran yan o kaya sa bayad center pero dahil nga because of yung mga sinasabi natin GCash 'di ba eh na mas napapabilis no so hindi mo na kailangan pang lumabas at ito ng ano actually nabigyan diin'to during the pandemic no okay oh now yung payment yung ah hc transfer and wire transfer noyan yung pinagkaiba now a transfer facilitate electronic fund transfer between bank account no so actually ito yung kanina no ginano ko lang sa iny so dito online banking platform enable business to manage their finance ano remotely no okay so ang features nito plus yung initiating the approving payments viewing account balances and transaction history transing funds between accounts no and online banking provides convenience in real time across access to financial information ba yung ginagawa ba yung ano yung ano na siya 'di ba 'yung sa mga ah bank banking no 'yung online banking no so hindi lang panransfer meron d pagbabayad 'di ba yung mga errant okay so number three na tayo so medyo mahaba yung nagiging discussion natin no okay so sa number three pag-usapan naman natin ano ba yung mga threat in dispersement process 'di ba ito yung karaniwan ' ba syempre Syempre iba-iba pa rin no. Baka mamaya meron tayong hindi ma ano um kaya nga mahalaga sa isang ano may sa isang accountant na alam niya yung process. Kaya nga diniscuss muna natin yung process eh 'di ba? Ngayon yung process na yun ay standardized no. Ibig sabihin maaaring meron pang mga process na complicated kasi depende sa kumpanya laki ng kumpanya at uri ng kumpanya. Okay. So yung diniscuss natin more of yung standardized lang ba yung pangkaraniwan. Now sa expenditure cycle activities o ' ba. So ulitin lang natin. Ordering materials and supplier services. Okay. So kung titignan natin yung kanyang ano flow chart, ito yun no. Okay. Receiving material, supplies and services. O yan naman yun no. Okay. Now, yung receiving naman actually yung part ng receiving approving suppliers invoice, no? O ito naman yung ginagawa natin, no? Okay. Cash disbersement naman. Ito na yung pagbabayad, no? Kung titingnan niyo sa cashier, o pa rin oh. 'Di ba kumpleto dapat yung documentation mo 'di ba? Na naka-attach yan dun sa sales invoice, 'di ba? So, nire-review rin yan. Tapos ngayon and then ah bago gawan ng voucher no for payment no. Okay. Now ano yung mga general threat? Una yung data processing integrity control at saka yung restriction of access to master data. So ito yung ano ibig sabihin ito yung ah pangkaraniwan na sabihin natin merong problema o kaya nagkakaroon ng problema ha. Okay. Now, yung general control o no data processing integrity control, restriction to access to master data and review all changes to master data. Okay. So ito yung control natin. Okay. So control objectives and actually class ba yung ano natin pag kayo ay naging auditor ' ba kaya binibigay sa inyo ong mga control kasi ite-test niyo yung control para malaman ninyo yung extense. Yung extent yung ah nature and extent of substantive testing na gagawin ninyo o yung pag-i-inspect ninyo ng mga document. Now yung control objectives ng threat and procedure a welligned AIS should provide adequate controls to ensure that the following objectives are met. Okay? Ano yung mga objectives na yon? Una, all transactions are properly authorized. All recorded transactions are valid. All valid and authorized transactions are properly recorded. All transactions are recorded accurately. Assets are safeguarded from the loss or business activities are performed efficiently and effectively and the company is in compliance with all applicable laws and regulations. Okay? Not only in the policy nai-implement ng kumpanya but also outside policies no. Okay. All disclosure are full and fair or indicated properly indicated no. Okay. There are several actions a company can take with respect to any cycle to reduce threaten errors or irregularities. Okay? Using simple and easy to complete documents with clear instruction. Okay. Sometimes yung kunyari sa accounting information system ba nung pinag-usapan natin no sa mga pass natin ang kailangan mo simple na EDI kung saan yung documents na pinagkukumparahan madali mong mai-input. So maiiwasan yung pagkakamali. Okay. Now, using appropriate application control such as validity checks and checks. No, hindi lang to no. Okay ba enhance accuracy and reliability providing space on form to record who complete and who reviewed the form okay so ito naman para to ano to facilitate yung check and balance no so it also encourage proper authorization and accountability no prenumbering documents encourages recording of valid and only valid transaction and restricting access to blank document reduce risk of unalterized transaction Okay. So yun yung mga control. Now ano pa yung mga threat ng the process of ordering goods no? Stockouts and excess inventory. Okay. Ordering unnecessary items. Okay. Purchasing goods out inflated prices. O ito may patong. Purchasing goods at inferior quality. Purchasing from an authorized supplier. Okay. Now, kickbx. O ito madalas ito na problema sa mga purchasing department 'di ba parang nangingikil lalong-lalo na sa gobyerno ' ba sa mga purchasing sa ano bago ka maging accredited supplier ng isang gobyerno naku napakaraming mga kickbox o nanghihingi ng kickback 'di ba edi o related threats no actually sa electronic data interchange no pag-uusapan pinag-usapan natin last time diyan 'yung mga input no input process and output no ng mga risk no at ano yung mga corresponding control threats related to purchases of services now threats in receiving and storing goods no okay the primary objective of this process is the verify the receipt of ordered inventor no and safeguard the inventory against loss and death now mangyayari lang iyan kung Ah receiving unpundered goods, er counting receiving goods and of inventory. Actually ito iyung mga threats eh 'di ba? Okay. Okay class pasensya na kayo hindi ko naano no. Okay. The primary of Jesus are to ito nga no. Pay only goods and services that were ordered and received and safegard to you cash. Okay. So now, ang ano nito failing to catch error in vendors invoices. No, hindi na check ' ba ' ba? Usually ang isa sa mga substantive testing na gagawin is to verify yung mga computation. Paying for goods not received. Wala mismo pero nagbayad ka. Failing to take available purchase discount. Oh, that is a purchase discount loss 'o. Paying the same invoice twice, recording the posting errors to accounts payable and misappropriating cash check or electronic fund transfer, no? Okay. So, ito 'yung mga karaniwang mga risk, no'no. Now, pag-usapan ngayon natin yung mga control para yung mga na-identify natin na risk ay maiiwasan natin, no? Okay. Ito ay related no'n dun sa expenditure. Ordering threats and control. Ano ba yung mga threats niya? Inacurate inventory records. Purchasing items not needed. Purchasing at inflated prices. Purchasing goods of inferior quality, unreliable suppliers and purchasing from unauthorized suppliers. And then kickbox. Now, ano yung control na pupwede nating implement to counter itong mga threats nito? Una, perpetual inventory system ang i-adapt ' ba. barcoding or RFID tags, periodic physical count of inventory. Now, class even though sabihin na natin na naka-counting information system pa rin. Now, kailangan pa ring magkaroon ka pa rin ng periodic physical count ' ba para malaman natin kung nagtutugma ba yung physical na inventory natin against dun sa ating records, 'di ba? Okay. So, mai-inspect natin. Okay. So naulit ko lang iyung perpetual inventory system. Review and approval of purchase requisition and centralized purchasing function. Kaya nga merong yung mga malalaking kumpanya meron silang sariling purchasing department to handle all the ano no requirements no ng isang ah kumpanya. Okay. Price list. Okay. Now, competitive bidding. Okay. Kung kunyari talaga ' ba sa mga gobyerno they require competitive bidding. Review of purchase order, budgets, no? Kasama na rin diyan yung material requisition no enterprise no MRP. Ah, okay. Purchasing only from the approved suppliers. Review of approval purchase from the new supplier. Holding purchasing manager responsible for rework and scrap post. tracking and monitoring product quality by the supplier requiring supplier to possess quality certification such as Io 9,000. Kasi kung quality ba para pumasa kasi kasi ka diyan sa ISO 9,000 eh kailangan masunod mo yung requirement na checklist nila ' ba para bigyan ka ng certification ng ganyan. Okay. So therefore ano ang ISO kasi para dun sa um quality no quality control ha. Collecting and monitoring supplier delivery performance data. Okay to assess pa rin kung ba yung performance ng isang supplier baka mamaya kailangan na siyang o kailangan ng humanap ng panibagong supplier. Like for example, ang isa sa mga ah collecting and monitoring na statistics na kailangan eh ilang beses ba itong hindi nakakapag-deliver on time 'di ba? Laging delay o laging may problema, laging may kulang o 'di ba? Yun yung isang mga bagay na ah parang kinokolekta mo yung mga information. Okay. So for what purpose? Syempre kung you will continue yung compan will continue uh further yung kanilang relationship. Maintaining a list of approved suppliers and configuring the system to permit purchase order only to approve suppliers. review of approval of purchases from new supplier. So, EDI specific control, okay? Yung access, review of orders and encryption policy. Now, yung encryption policy like for example, may mga ba sa data privacy o kunyari yung orders mo ang ginagamit mo through email. O 'di ba? Usually yung mga ganyan yung mga information niyan encrypted just in case napadala yung email sa ibang tao hindi pa rin mababasa kasi it is encrypted ' ba. Now requiring purchase urgent to disclose financial and personal interest in supplier. Now ginagawa lang ito eh kung merong conflict of interest. Baka mamaya 'yung purchase department eh order ng order ng ganito sa ganitong particular na supplier o bentor. Eh un pala kamag-anak. Naku, madalas sa gobyerno 'yan ' ba. Kaya mapapansin ninyo 'yung mga asawa o kaya 'yung mga ano ng mga nasa kantong eh gumagawa ng kumpanya para just in case na merong mga project doun na sa kanila mapupunta at mapwedeng ma-facilitate ngayon yung mga kickback ' ba. Madali. Okay. So, training employees in how to respond offers and gifts from the supplier. Actually, may mga policy na minsan iniimplement na bawal ang mga gifts ba lalo na sa gobyerno ba job rotation and mandatory vacation no. Okay. So ibig sabihin para sa ganon ah ano no maiwasan no maiwasan yung yung ' ba yung meron yan kasi diyan eh merong hindi nag hindi nag-aano hindi nagbabakasyon yun pala may iniingatan na anomalya 'di ba? Okay. Supplier audits no? Okay. So ito naman yung ano naman yung ah yung mga accredited suppliers mo kung still intact ano okay pa rin yung kanilang mga papers no. Isa lang yun ha. Isa lang yun and also yung kanilang ano yung kanilang statistics din yung performance statistics. Okay. So another ito accepting unordered items. Ito yung mga threats no. Mistake in counting, verifying receipts of services, TEF of inventory. So ano yung control? No requiring existence of approved purchase order prior to accepting any delivery. Okay? Kasi yun yung ikukumpara mo sa delivery receipt eh. Yung purchase order. Do not inform receiving employees about quantity ordered no? Require receiving employees to sign receiving reports. No okay for fixing responsibility. Ibig sabihin niyan incentives 'no. Okay. Now, 'yung incentive class nangyaya ano 'yan kung sakaling kunyari um maraming kang mas ano ko kunyari ' ba ganito 'yun eh. Kung reliable yung supplier nakakapag-deliver on time, 'di ba? Ang isa sa mga insentive mas dinadagdagan mo yung ino-order mo 'di ba? Kasi reliable yung ano yung bentor. Document transfer of goods to inventory ha. O ito yung paglilipat na ' ba na-receive mo na. Okay. Ngayon ang gagawin mo na ngayon diyan ililipat mo na ngayon sa warehouse. Now yung receiving actually ang ginagawa diyan through EDI pinapasok ' ba. Okay. Nasa ganon ma-close na yung iba pang mga document ' ba. Kunyari outstanding yung PO eh maco-close niya kung na-receive na ba? Use of barcodes and RIFID tags. Configuration the ERP system to flug. Okay. Now, ang ifa-plug nito iyung discrepancy between the received and ordered quantities that exceed tolerant threshold ' ba ' ba meron kasing mga ano eh ' ba ganito class ' ba kunyari yung may inord ang company mo yung mga ano ah ang company mo yung tinitinda mo yung mga ano tiles ' ba tiles kunyari sa ibang bansa no class walang ano walang dumadating bihira kahit interviewhin 'yung mga may-ari niya walang wala talaga na sabihin natin na dumadating na inorder nila no kasi nasa container ba yan eh kunyari nasa abroad ay hindi walang ano basag na ano na tiles laging may basag laging merong ano laging ano e that is ano that is yung ano na accepted na nila 'yun eh papaano kung napakarami ng basag o ito yung tinatawag natin na exceed na yung tolerant threshold ha Okay. Kasi ano 'yan eh dito i-warrant na ngayon ng investigation 'di ba? Bakit lahat basag 'di ba kunyari gann meron baka may nangyari now segregation of duties custody of inventory ver versus receiving ha? So magkahiwalay yan budgetary controls. Now another yung control natin yung audit no. Syempre yung audit nung mga department na involved no. Okay. Restriction of physical access to inventory. Documentation of all transfer of inventory between receiving and inventory employees. Periodic physical count of inventory. Reconciliation to recorded quantities. Periodic physical count of inventory. And okay, naulit ko lang. Okay. Now, approving invoices threat. O, ito na ngayon sa pag-a-approve na ' ba. Kunyari kung babalikan natin 'di ba merong purchase ah requisition file, may purchase order, merong receiving report, merong ano, merong sales invoice. So dapat present yang apat na yan. Okay? O kaya present muna yung tatlo kasi i-invoice pa lang iaano mo eh. Error in supplier invoices, mistake in posting to accounts payable. Okay. So ano yung control? Verification ng invoice accuracy. Okay. Malalaman mo lang yan kung ikukumpara mo yung invoices doon sa ano no sa mga dokumento na na aking naibigay sa inyo o nabanggit sa inyo. Requiring detailed receipts for procurement of card purchases. Okay. Evaluate the receipt settlement match with receiving report and restriction of access to supplier data. Now, verification of bill and use of approved delivery channel, data entry, edit controls, no? Kasi ipapasok mo ngayon yung ano, yung receiving no sa ano sa terminal or EDI ' ba. So ia-update na ngayon niya automatically yung mga ano. Kaya lang dito meron pa ring control 'di ba? Access control. Hindi naman pwede kahit sino pwedeng magpasok 'di ba? Yun lang isang example. Reconciliation of detailed accounts payable records with general ledger control account. Okay. Now, dito segregation of duties no. Kaya lang class ang ano nito, ang problema nito, papaano kaya dun sa accounting information system? Now, tandaan natin ba ang nangyayari dito kapag nag-install ng accounting information system may mga talagang sabihin natin na jobs ang mawawala. Ibig sabihin maiinig ang accounting na ang gagawa. Meron din. magkakaroon din ng problema when it comes to segregation of duties yung para kasi magkaroon ng check and balance. Now, ang isa sa mga ano dito class ang magkakaroon o magp-play ng ano na talaga dito ng ah important role ang gagawin ay yung mismong ano yung ating tinatawag na ah yung [Musika] ating ah ano 'yun [Musika] 'yung 'yung nag siya kasi ang nagse-set eh no? Siya kasi 'yung na 'yung ano na nagse-set ng ano ng password no ah database administrator 'yun hindi ko kasi basta biglang naalala now yung database administrator ang isa sa mga function niya ay i-define no define kung ano lang yung pupwede niyang ma-access o kaya nare-restrict niya kasi based on the function o definition nung ano nung ano nung position nung tao o kaya ng employee ' ba? So siya yung ano siya yung key. Kaya sa auditing and CIS pag-uusapan natin yan. Key duties in the cash disbersement process should be segregated such as authorization, processing and record keeping. No, this control measure ensures accountability and reduce the risk of authorized transaction. Okay. So, saud prevention, measure aims to detect and deterulent activities in the cash disbersement process. No. Now, um actually yung ano dito is kung weak talaga yung internal control, there is a weak possibility talaga na magkakaroon ng frud no. Now ano yung mga example ng mga proding dual authorization no for high value transaction and usually dine-define yan per policy like for example na nagtrabaho ako sa mga ano ba sa cheek sa disbersement ' ba kung lower than ano pwede na yung isang signatory kunyari lower than 100,000 isang signatory pero kung kunyari more than 100,000 then ang requirement sa pagpirma ng teke eh dapat dalawa ' ba? O kaya sabihin na lang natin sa ano computerized environment hindi cheeke kung hindi fund transfer. Now hindi lang sapat na inauthorize ng isang ano kasi ano yun eh parang ang gagawin ng bangko doon ah ide-define nila yung authorization no o kunyari kung ganitong level um dalawa na yung mag-o-authorize no. So 'yun 'yung ano authorization. O kaya pagdating din sa ano pagdating din sa mga internal documents 'di ba nagse-set din ng policy kung ilan yung limit no. Now regularly requiring bank statement with accounting records. No implementing fraud detection algorithm in online banking platform. Now ano na yung algorithm? Meaning meaning ano um hindi pangkaraniwan sometimes nagno-notify ha. Okay. Effective fraud prevention save guards the organization asset and ano reputation. Like for example yung algorithm na um parang nag-ano ka ng nag-exceed ka dun sa number ilang number of withdraws no na hindi pangkaraniwan ba. Yung isa yun isa-isa lang. So ang gagawin magno-notify. Now to summarize natin yung control activity. Okay. Yun transaction authorization inventory control. Okay. So accounts payable authorized payment. No so ito yung summary ng mga control. Segregation of duties. Inventory control separate from purchasing. So kailangan yun. And inventory costody. No okay. Kasi yung records maaaring manipulate accounts payable subsidiary ledger separate from the general leder. Okay. Now, when it comes to supervision, yung receiving area, no. Okay. So, e yung receiving area meron pa ngang dapat sian na ano e yung camera. So, para nakikita talaga o kaya may recorded talaga kung ano yung nangyari 'di ba? O, kunyari sa ito isang example. Nakita mo puro basag eh. Na-deliver niyo puro basag eh. Eh yun pala ang nakadisgrasya yung receiving natabigan, nabasag eh ano yung pupwede mong pagkuhanan ng evidence eh yung camera no d sa receiving report ay sa receiving area. Now si access naman accounting records, accounts payable subsidiary leder, general leder, purchase requisition file, purchase order file and receiving report file. So ito yung mga karaniwang mga documents na kailangan mong ma-inspect no. O kaya dapat merong record. Now, vouchers payable file AP subsidiary. So ito na sa cash disbersement. Cash disbersement journal general ledger cash account. Now when it comes to access security of physical assets, limit access and accounting records above. Now, yung physical access also no applicable din dun sa mga inventory no. Now, sabi ko nga kanina baka nabanggit ko sa inyo hindi lang ano no hindi lang um ah isolated lang dun sa pinaka kunyari kailangan may guardya ' ba, may gate, may lock. Hindi lang yun. Kung hindi tinitingnan mo rin yung place nung mga inventory. Baka mamaya m nauulanan, may sira yung bubong doun. So maaring masira ba sayang. Now property security overcash limit access into the accounting records above. No. So independent verification AP reconcile source document before liability is recorded. Now ang sinasabi nitong mga source document yung purchase requisition, purchase order ' ba shipping ano shipping. [Musika] Ah actually yung ano yung ah delivery ah receipt ' ba yung ano and then yung invoices 'di ba? Okay. Now proper security over cash limit access to the accounting records above. Now yung independent verification naman, EP reconcile source document before liability is reported. General ledger reconciles overall accuracy of the process. Okay. Yung final review of the cash disbersement overall reconciliation by general ledger and periodic bank reconciliation by controller. Okay. So then nagtatapos yung ating lesson no? So pinakita sa inyo kung ano yung nangyayari sa cash disbersement tapos kung papaano naging computerize, ano yung mga threats, ano 'yung mga kum. Okay. So I hope na nakakatulong sa inyo yung naging discussion natin ngayong araw. So before I leave no, ito muna too many of us are not living in our dream because we are living in our fields according to NPC. So thank you sa inyo class no. Okay. Don't forget nga pala yung ating student reflections no. Okay. Ayan naman yung ating pinagkuhanan ng mga information about dun sa ating PowerPoint. So meron din diyan nakaano no naka-attach sa inyo sa inyong Google Classroom no nung mga libro na yan. So if you are not sabi natin satisfied with the discussion you can ano read no yung ating naging discussion dalawang. So thank you ino CL and see you next