Lecture Notes: Types of Madd in Tajweed

Introduction to Madd

• Definition: Madd refers to the elongation of vowel sounds in Arabic, crucial for Quranic recitation.
• Includes two primary types:
  • Madd Asli (Natural Madd)
  • Madd Faree (Secondary Madd)
• Each type has specific rules for proper pronunciation.

Importance of Madd

• Narration Reference: Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) elongated vowel sounds in Quranic recitation (Sunan An-Nasai).

Letters of Madd

• Three Madd Letters: Alif (ا), Waaw (و), Yaa (ي)
  • Alif: Preceded by Fatha
  • Waaw: Preceded by Dammah
  • Yaa: Preceded by Kasra
• Rules: These letters must be silent; the preceding letter must not be hamza.

Types of Madd

Madd Asli (Original Madd)

• Definition: Natural extension of vowel sounds; does not rely on external factors like hamza or sukoon.
• Length: Fixed at two harakahs (movements).
• Examples:
  • Alphabets at the start of some verses (e.g., الم)
  • Alif from tanween with fatha and others.

Types of Madd Al-Asli

1. Al-Madd Al-Iwad: Occurs when a word ending in tanween is followed by a stop, replaced by an alif for two harakats.
2. Madd Tamkeen: Applied to consecutive y letters; first doubled, second silent.
3. Madd Al-Silah Al-Sughra: Occurs when pronoun followed by matching vowel.

Madd Faree (Secondary Prolongation)

• Definition: Not natural; occurs due to hamza or sukoon.
• Causes:
  • Incorporeal: Related to meaning.
  • Lexical: A letter causes extension.
• Rules:
  • Compulsory: Madd Al-Muttasil.
  • Permissible: Madd Munfasil, Madd Arid lil-Sukoon, Madd Badal.
  • Absolutely Necessary: Madd Lazim.

Types of Madd Faree

1. Madd Al-Muttasil: Madd letter followed by hamza in same word.
2. Madd Al-Munfasil: Madd letter followed by hamza in separate word.
3. Madd Al-Badal: Hamza precedes Madd letter.
4. Madd Al-Aarid Lissukoon: Madd letter followed by temporary sukoon.
5. Madd Al-Laazim: Madd letter followed by permanent sukoon.

Madd Tajweed Rules Chart

• Essential for proper Quranic pronunciation.

Tips to Learn Madd

1. Start with basics.
2. Practice pronunciation.
3. Listen to skilled reciters.
4. Understand rules thoroughly.
5. Recite slowly, focus on elongation.
6. Seek feedback from a teacher.

Online Learning with Riwaq Al Quran

• Courses Offered: Tajweed, Quran recitation, Arabic.
• Emphasize understanding types of Madd for accurate recitation.

Conclusion

• Mastery of Madd enhances recitation beauty and clarity.
• It is crucial for accurate conveyance of Quranic meaning and adherence to Tajweed rules.