hello everybody Welcome to our class EG 101 um crop science online class Tage uh today we're going to talk about like tillage system I believe so some of you have like a good information about the tillage and the tillage tools the objective of this uh the objective of tillage it's uh to control like for example there is like a few things you have to do to um um uh there is like a few benefits from ta but it's like can there is a like a CR criticize about like how is affecting um the plant growth and how it will be reflecting in the soil by itself so it is like impacting the soil Health but there are many ways before we engage like in this topic we have to understand the reason behind the people why they doing until sometimes we have to do it like it's a a solution um like for example Sometimes some people they do it like for killing weeds like kill the animal weeds and bury the seeds down deep in the soil um another thing is like uh prepare the seed bed of the planting worming warmer uh soil and temperature and increasing aeration and bra the soil crust so usually when we talk about like preparing the bed like um the plant residue if we uh one of the like a most common problem in the plant residue like left in the top of the soil is um like uh they shading the soil so the soil is will be a little bit cooler uh when you put the seed there is difficult like for the plant to germinate early so they maybe delay a little bit um the seed germinations anyway um like uh plant left in the soil and top of the soil will be bad like uh delaying the seed germination but in like in late in like in summer they will be like maintain the uh like a cooling the temperature uh by shading the soil the sun is not going to be heating which is like reserving a little bit of um uh of moisture uh another thing is increasing the Iration temporary that's will be work very well in the beginning but um we know all the tellage is like causing compacting to the soil which is that maybe a little bit um uh difficult but sometimes you have like a a very hard tough clay pen or uh like you need like the tough soil you need to break the soil crust so you have to do uh tail another benefit is like in uh incorporate like a residue which is residue like when you mix it in the soil they will be like starting degradable by the organisms they will not be stay there for long time um and the other practices like reduce the uh over winter uh habitat for diseases or insects too so sometimes when you like do to control the wheat uh the wheat sometimes they have like diseases or they are like a family uh like a host they host um the insect or diseases so when you tell it deeper to the ground that will be um uh reduce the effect of the this uh disease Inc carburate lime like fertilizer or herbicide sometimes and like we do that like in a uh to um like put the lime in the soil or if we have a different type of fertilizer like gas fertilizer or um some herbicide like we need to kill like some plant from the root and Deber and that's what's like it's a good like to use tell sometimes sometimes uh leave uh leaves soil surface and more V variable conditions uh to resist erosion and uh or uh encourage water infiltration that's like a short term like it's not going to be like um for long term we know all the uh we know all the that the uh telling the soil will be causing compacting in the soil but anyway we talk like about the advantage but while I talking about the advantage I mentioned like some uh like disadvantage of the uh tillage um problems or the tillage that causing some problem the first of all it's damage soil structure and especially if not um done in a Time manner with a clay soil that's very important to understand uh com action by tractor and a tillage tool uh themselves like a tillage or blow pan uh just below uh to uh the The tillage Zone uh which is that can increase uh the erosion and remove the residue and leaves the surface exposed to to a a raindrop impacting and which is like a breakdown structure of the surface and less uh infiltration and more rain off like which is uh as you can see in this picture uh when you tell especially when you have like a slope as you can see this direction or that place here those are they are like affecting by erosion and the soil will be like drift to uh this way or taken to another place we have like a tool which is like a primary tillage like a first trap uh after harvesting which is like as you can see um mold board which is below which is this part here and that's like you see how much like it's the plant residue is completely contribute like in the soil and they put that in deep soil another like uh blow which is chisel plow and that one is like have a different like technique but they are also affecting uh the soil uh structure uh we will watch this video and uh um will uh two videos actually one of them about like a wooded board blow and a chel BL blow and what is the different between uh both so this video Here YouTube uh I will be like download and do some research okay other one and we have another type of which is like called SB which is V plates that one is like as you see the shape of v and there you usually used to cut Roo deeper in the soil and sometimes um it um like you can control the depth that you need to control but that one is like uh Swip uh V blend uh blades and the other one like as you can see it's like have a different but this this like the tooth here you can see that one this shape it's a re like a sub soil which is that one is a little bit deep compared to this one or the other one while this one can go a little bit deeper but um it it's like it have like a few purpose which is cutting the root of the plant there this uh blow one way which is like that like you see the direction of this like uh uh disc they are like one row in this side one row in this side and one row this side and one row this side they going like in in opposite like the first one is going like this and the other one is going like that so if they are following one one going like that and the other one going like that so it's like it's completely like a flipping and mixing the sword at the same time uh which is can take it like one way uh till and that will be like completely uh do the job as the whole job offside dis um it's just like uh as you can see in the pictures you can imagine this is like in just only have this one and this is take less space compared to the other one but they doing the same job um YouTube and they doing the same job like before I'm talking about like the dis that before the this uh video so uh tndm disc which is like an like a breakdown and put a little bit uh um uh the plant residue mix it with the soil but it it can be left some uh plant res in the top of the soil I believe so maybe um less than 30% of the plant resid will be stay at the top of the soil this one is called offside disc the offside disc it has um like uh as we saw the other one is just like one side and the other one is the other side so so the vertical tail like implements which is this one here um it has like you you can see they are like have different directions and they have like this swifter one like so they can like Smooth it a little bit preparing the soil for uh the plant uh the seeds and one example for like a vertical t as the Implement and the case through uh tndm like a 3003 U the foot taken like that in husar um Harvest day in 200 the fall 2009 the other one is like this one maybe the same like time but it's uh like a way floated um blade uh and one vertical till Implement manufactured uh by cord and that one it has like this type of shape they are discs they are like a floated blade which is like they can be uh mix the soil but do not like distribute a lot part in the soil so um in this figure or this day shape like you show you the vertical till when it's this one here that one still have the same like plant do or the weeds but this one is mixing most of the um the uh or like the plant residue to the soil so that will be increasing the soil so um that's how they look when you when you use that one uh number two a secondary which is tell that usually the primary is one way till this one is secondary tail which is like for a various step and uh seed bed preparation so sometimes they taking time to do that like so the first like tools that we saw it's um like for just like one way trap this one is like maybe more than one way trap uh discs like uh as we saw about like a field cultivators and the other one is Horus uh which is a spring tooth or Spike tooth or flexen Flexin we going to see the different in a few pictures um rude weaer which is undercut weeds and uh culti picker like a frame seat bed for Gra glasses and legume sometimes we use it for that and mulsh uh Trader which is uh shaking uh Baker which is like as you can see this is the cultivated cultivator uh field cultivator while this one is also field cator but they have like a different uh different tools um you see those small tooth but you may be see see here is like a more than this one here this picture the other one is like a flex thin um Haru which is um this shape as you can see they are like a little bit in a small amount distribution uh the top of the soil surface discs which is they flip um like the small part it's not like just the whole dis going deeper uh but it's a small part they they like flip the the top soil surface and you can control that sometimes we can um see how much how many cenm do we need and you can control all that uh Kor which is like this one here usually used in vegetables which is like mixing the soil very well and grind it like a small pieces and do not left in like a huge partical um like in the top of the soil while this one can be mulch traed and that mean be can be used like to um uh to um leave a little bit of carbohydrate uh uh sorry a little bit of uh plant resid on top of the soil uh like also the type of like um like Tail as you can see in this one while this is the road uh waer which is like an taken um like a uh a soil toe part that one will start mixing but this one will be cutting in under the soil which is mostly cut the um uh do not flip the soil but it's like mostly cut the wheat roots and will kill the plant and leave like a little bit of um plant resid on the top of the soil tell uh defined by the number of the Trap over the field like how many like trap you go on one two three uh that's a different according to the system growth system like um the the way that you like use it and some some type like sometimes um they have be requireed like some like more intensive uh which is like it cost you more money and more labor to to do like a mini trip instead like two or one uh trap type of T tools used like or not Ed like sometimes uh you have a limited in like uh um tools and the tools it's not like cheap they are very expensive but even if you rent them um they might like have cost you some money but um they are like having many options sometimes neighbors they have like a different things so they can help each other to use those tools amount of residue Incorporated like into the soil that's according to uh the type of the amount that we can say this uh type of tools they will be or the type of till system this one leave a certain amount of the top of the soil but the other one is not uh like leaving anything or they can leave like a percentage from the plant res on the area of the veil tail that's also like if you can use like STP tail or R tail that's uh different from place to another place so the system of the TA we have a conventional tail which is include the primary uh tail operations and followed by the multiple secondary tail and the step with the different tail tools so it's not using using the same tools both ways so for example um if you want to prepare soil uh for vegetables they I have to use maybe first one I can like mix all the plant res to the soil and after that like it's not going to be prepared the soil for the sea like for the seed it might I use like another like type of um uh tool to make it like a little bit smooth flat uh equal so that will make it easy for me to grow the plant and also there is a one they uh like lift some uh edges the edges they can be used like inlight spaces they can be used to plant the plant like a transplant a minimum tail usually uh attempt attempt to um decrease it is a number of the trip leave more res residue on the top of the soil there is another one thing called No non which is uh this TS only with the planting uh equipment and plant into the resid so a number of the trips over the field according to the type of the system that you can use and also the type of the plant that you need like to grow um the spray of the controlling weed and cultivation harvested all that stuff they have like you have a many different reason to do a till and you have like right now the conventional and minimum and no tail uh systems those are they are like a different they have like a different percentage or different like time of till like for example if you're using primary tail which is one blow that's mean one time if you use like the minimum which is like uh conservative uh tail which is they will be like a one chazel while no tail you know like you didn't use that at all desk also no tail you never used any like disc or hero so those tools they are not required in the system but in minimum maybe you you will use it like um two or two two or two time one or two times um like a trip going and come back again the same place um in like conventional one sometimes it's like four times uh plant like sometimes one time like to grow the plant spray um they may be like cost more trips compared to uh like in no tail uh have more trips than minimum and control uh conventional as you can see this one is like maybe zero you maybe you not need it or you might like do it one time uh because the other one is like a um like a conventional little this mean you flip the whole soil and you mix it and there is no weed left in there except like some small seeds if you if they starting like making risk in in the field like in the crop in the seed so you might like do it early so to uh get rid of the weeds before you start the season by uh uh at the same time if you go to minimum uh you will find like one to two they will be like a one to two trip that mean it's necessar you have to do it like at least one time in no till you have to supay it like many times times like two to three times cultivated cultivated which is cultivate uh row crops usually no till or minimum till zero not be used but in conventionally you have to use the from one to two times harvested probably both of them they are the same like all of them they are the same so in total like trip you're going to find like um conventional till it's cost like from 6 to 9 trip um minimum it's 5 to 7 that's not big deal like big different but you still count like uh the number of the money they you spend it and that like it's a little bit uh higher uh Noel as you can see three to four trip in total like harvesting growing and other stuff so uh conservation tell that's another type type of like um the system limiting operation the to uh those essential um to producing the crop and while minimize the distribution distri distribut uh of the soil and residue they use the a nrca nrcs Define definitions in any T planting system that leave of at least like 3% of the field surface covered by the crop residue after the planting has been completed so that like mean if you have like right now 30% in the top of the soil just plan is do that you mean using conservation tail which is like keep uh other like like keep the like some PLS on top of soil other terms used like uh minimum tell U reduced TS uh uh low till or chemical follow uh Eco follow and no tail R tail and STP tail we let's take let's take those uh one by one so minimum T we already talk about that like we know it's like in between between Noel and con like uh conventional tell uh reduced till which is like the same concept like it's lowering the amount uh and the low till chemical follow um which is like usually um um do not like use a lot of trips but still using chemical follow so follow that's mean leave it without any grow uh plant and Eco follow which is like leave the field without any uh crop for maybe season uh no tail that completely leave the whole um soil without ta but you can grow um like a many different type of plant they have like a specific equipment they can be used for no tail like seeding and harvesting the same the same Tools R tail uh or STP tail uh those are like when you um just till a part of the soil and leave the is like for um uh uh having the same like a plant residue so they Distributing just only the part of the soil that need to be a seedbed so which is like can be good for uh many types most conserv conservation T system uh are like example are like a stable m tell that's when um that type is character by lination uh or uh modification of the primary T step to uh leave uh all or part of the crop residue on the soil surface another thing is selection of the tillage tool impacting the residue uh incorporation in the soil let's watch this video and after this video you might like have a discussion okay so why 30% residual for conservation ta so why they live like 30% at least conservation till is defined to be like any Tail plant system which is leave at least 30% of the field surface covered by the plant residue or the crops previous crops that after planting and and has been like completed like it's harvested so what does that like do like it shows that like this graph here show the soil uh loose Rao uh loose ratio and the ground cover which is like um that percentage like around 30% and they can keep like soil from erosion and a few things and shows that like erosion is reduced by at least 50% um uh compared to a like a bear uh soil or follow soil which is like soil doesn't have any plant and F 30% of the surface is covered uh with residue so that will be help like to reduce the amount of erosion so this one here you show like a many modification uh modifications exist like example for the strep system which is a seed bed uh preparation is completed and a narrow Bend uh no more than like 1/3 of the row uh with it and it may be like a completed in um the fall uh and spring or spring so as you can see in this one here the that one did not distribute a lot but at the same time um what we call this one is the be the bed seed bed which is uh we use that one like half of the soil like 50% of the soil it still have uh like a plant residue and that can be like a good uh to reduce the amount of um erosion at the same time warming the seed for uh warming the soil for the seed bed when you put the the seed they will be have enough temperature to grow but at the same time like maintain the moisture in the soil which is a good idea let's watch this video and after that we will complete the slides a red shell that's another thing we will see which is a plant on the top of the ridges for form Med uh by the cultivation step during the previous like croing system specialized uh or medified like cultivators uh are used in that area which is like um this part here maybe this picture is not clear but uh we will try to find like this one here as you can see um that's how they do cultivation and uh at the same time they having like uh um like a plant is on the top of the soil where you can see in this picture the plant is grown but this side is the Planters do still exist there and no one um um like it's not um used but it protect the soil uh erosion control and reduce the weeds and the seed uh remain uh dormant like if not stirred up and R Ridge is warmer like a drer to allow early planting in uh in advantages of conservation tells uh tells uh system you can see from the pictures below how is that different so this one is no plant do but but this one is like half a plant resid so you can see how is that will be reduced the amount of erosion uh L wind and water erosion uh Which is less runoff by uh the Water also more soil moisture will be kept inside the soil and more infiltration increasing because the plant roots they will be building like some tunnel in this deeper soil which is allow uh the more water going deep in the soil and due to the residue and less evaporation due to the coolor uh soil so what what the plants do do in this picture here it just like shading but shading is like keep more more moisture in the soil shading the soil lower the temperature and uh which is will be a cool a place for soil it's not warming a lot at the same time will not like a and maintain like also increase the organic matter in the soil saving on like Fuel and labor which is like low uh field trip as we saw the table the previous table it show how many stps Noel take it's like between it's three to four trps so not compared to the conventional t uh tell which is take like 6 uh 7 to9 uh 6 to9 probably 6 to9 trips which is a very high the lowest one is a more higher than the highest one in hotel uh early planting like a cold season crop like winter wheat due to uh the lower soil temperature that um um uh maybe uh can be a beneficial for the winter we disadvantage of conservation tell like we take the advantages and and we going to take the disadvantage for that one so more more best like problem possible and increas it increase the cost of herbicide and in insecticide and fici side so that mean they need like a more um applying uh those sides like episde herbicide pesti insecticide or fungicide for like controlling the disease in the field or the making like uh the environment is good for the plant coal or wet soil May delay uh uh seeded bed which is the preparation and planting of warm season crop in cold climate and also uh specialized like a planting equipment they have like a required special thing needed and no uh drill or planter they are required for that one a more more in intensive like a management require so it require a lot of things to do the last slide is like a cultivation uh in grow crops with that one is like how you cultivated without like harming the plant that already exist as you can see the RO crop cultivator or try trory like her this one like a primary purpose of is a need control between the rows but it not harming the plant they might like uh if they go a little bit deeper they might hurt the plant roots especially if they are like close but that one is like made up early in the season so it's not affecting that plant like in a big it's not going like in a big percentage has often being replaced by a weed control herbicide and also uh kinds of the interage uh tools which is shovel or sweeper cultivators disc cultivators rotary who which is like and kill some uh weeds bricks uh soil crust uh which is like can be a good for the plant thank you for watching and have a good day and see you next lecture if you have a question don't hesitate send me an email and we can share this question have a good day and thank you