Overview
This lecture explains how to write effective sentence and parenthetical definitions, focusing on correct form, common errors, and their role in clarifying terminology for readers.
Sentence Definitions
- Sentence definitions are one-sentence explanations following a strict formula: word, category, and distinguishing characteristic.
- The word is the term to define; the category is a class the reader knows; the distinguishing characteristic sets the term apart.
- Example: "A lathe is a machining tool used primarily for shaping metal or wood."
- Avoid circular definitions (e.g., "A required course is a course that is required").
- Categories must be specific and meaningful to readers, not vague or repetitive.
- Do not use “is when” or “is typically defined as” to introduce categories.
Common Errors in Sentence Definitions
- Missing or incorrect category (too vague, too specific, or circular).
- Failing to provide a distinguishing characteristic.
- Using non-categorical phrases instead of true categories.
Parenthetical Definitions
- Parenthetical definitions are brief clarifications (synonyms or phrases) placed within a sentence.
- They are used to quickly explain jargon while reading, following the given-new principle.
- Example: "The department is using shareware (free trial software) in its drafting course."
- Parenthetical definitions must be brief and should grammatically replace the word defined if substituted.
- If the clarification is too long, use a sentence definition instead.
Common Errors in Parenthetical Definitions
- Making the parenthetical too long or more complicated than the term itself.
- Failure to ensure the parenthetical can grammatically replace the original word.
- Adding irrelevant information in parentheses that does not define a term.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Given-new principle — Presenting new information in the context of information readers already know.
- Sentence definition — A single sentence that uses the formula: word, category, distinguishing characteristic.
- Parenthetical definition — A brief explanatory phrase or synonym in parentheses, directly following the term.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Complete the assignment on sentence and parenthetical definitions as outlined in Canvas.
- Review assignment sheets for additional guidance and examples.