The Second Coming of the KKK: A Lecture Summary

Introduction

• Tantor Audio Presentation

  • Title: The Second Coming of the KKK: The Ku Klux Klan of the 1920s and the American Political Tradition
  • Author: Linda Gordon
  • Narrator: Joanna Perrin

• Main Theme

  • Focus on the resurgence of the Ku Klux Klan (KKK) in the 1920s and its place in American political tradition.
  • Examines how the Klan adapted its ideology and expanded its influence during this period.

Key Events and Characteristics

• Kokomo, Indiana, Picnic (1923)

  • Massive gathering with exaggerated claims of attendance.
  • Symbolized Klan's celebration of Americanism and white supremacy.
  • Events included boxing matches, games, films, and parades.

• Differences from the First Klan

  • The 1920s Klan operated openly, unlike its predecessor.
  • It was active mainly in the North, targeting Catholics, Jews, immigrants, and bootleggers in addition to African Americans.
  • Attempted to prohibit violence but was not always successful.
  • More of a mainstream organization with millions of members, including professionals and business people.

Ideological and Social Impact

• Klan's Political Position

  • Blamed immigrants and non-Protestants for social and economic issues.
  • Promoted a business ethic and revered wealthy individuals.
  • Resented urban elites and cosmopolitan ideals.

• Appeal and Recruitment

  • Offered social prestige, business networking, and a sense of community.
  • Attracted a diverse membership, including upwardly mobile individuals seeking social advancement.

• Rhetoric and Influence

  • Used demagoguery and fear-mongering to recruit members.
  • The Klan's ideas were reflected in broader political and social movements of the time.

Historical Context

• Cultural Backdrop of the 1920s
  • The Roaring Twenties characterized by flappers, consumer culture, and technological advancements like automobiles.
  • The Klan capitalized on fears of moral depravity, aligning itself with mainstream cultural and political trends.

Leadership and Internal Dynamics

• Key Figures

  • William Joseph Simmons: Founder of the second Klan, struggled with organization and leadership.
  • Edward Young Clark and Elizabeth Tyler: Publicity experts who expanded the Klan's reach.
  • Hiram Evans: Reformer who professionalized the Klan and prioritized political engagement.

• Internal Conflicts

  • Rivalries and moral scandals weakened the organization.
  • Leadership changes often driven by financial and strategic disagreements.

Decline and Legacy

• Decline in the Late 1920s
  • Internal rivalries and scandals reduced its influence.
  • Despite its decline, the Klan achieved significant political victories and affected national consciousness.

Conclusion

• Social Movement Classification

  • The Klan was a significant social movement, influencing political consciousness and redefining American identity.
  • Its mainstream nature challenges conventional left-right political spectrums.

• Historical Reflection

  • The Klan's ideologies and methods of recruitment provide insight into contemporary conservative populism.
  • The study of the Klan is valuable for understanding its continuing influence on American political culture.