Andrea Diem: Hi everyone, I would like to spend a few minutes with you to introduce you to two lesson plans and one is on euthanasia and one is on the topic of abortion and I'm hoping these new presentations are helping you guys Andrea Diem: Gel the ideas together highlight the key points and maybe make your workload, a little easier. And actually, not to adding on to it, but Andrea Diem: Really adding hopefully clarification and let me open this up for you and we'll go ahead and jump in. So I'm going to handle it by covering euthanasia. First, and it seems like a lot of notes, but there's only some key concepts that we're going to zero in on and hopefully today will Andrea Diem: You know, be a value to see to realize you don't have to like memorize this memorization. These are just some quotes here and there and some Andrea Diem: Information and I'll walk you through it. And then we have abortion. So let's start at the top. Andrea Diem: And now, here we go. Okay. So the word itself is a Greek word and it literally means good depth. Andrea Diem: You die ammonia member. That means living. Well, we learned that as a word from an earlier lesson plan you die. Ammonia is the goal of life. A lot of philosopher said to live well and to flourish. So this word in Greek starts with a word well and Santos Andrea Diem: You then Asia is you Santos, which is death. So it's how to literally have a good death. Okay, that's what the topic is to have a good debt. There's two forms of euthanasia. Andrea Diem: There is what's called passive euthanasia and there's active so passive is just really an cases where Andrea Diem: Somebody is in pain and suffering and you're not really intervening you're not doing anything to prolong your life, you're just kind of letting them naturally die. So that's passive, you're just playing a passive role. Andrea Diem: You're not giving the medicine, you're not putting them on breathing machines, you're not doing anything to keep them going, but you're also not giving them any medicine to end their life. So that's passive Andrea Diem: Active euthanasia is when you try to help their death along you intervene. It's a physician assisted usually it's possibly through an injection where you're trying to make the Andrea Diem: Death come quickly painlessly swiftly, etc. So that's the difference between passive and active. I find it interesting that active euthanasia is now legal in California. Andrea Diem: Since June 2016, I believe. Prior to that, it was passive euthanasia was was kind of allowed but now there's actually Dr intervention that can happen with active euthanasia in our state. So some basic Andrea Diem: History here. So we have some philosophers here and some kind of insights of what different thinkers have said about euthanasia and just a few ideas. So Plato's idea is that Andrea Diem: He supported passive non active and the quote is, this is literally his quote mentally and physically ill person should be left to death. They do not have the rights to life. So left to death as long as you're not actually walking in and giving them some kind of Andrea Diem: Medicine or some kind of poison to bring their death along but you just kind of leave them to die so physically ill. That's what he's saying physically or mentally ill. The address argued and Pythagoras. Andrea Diem: Was a Greek philosopher at that time period. And he basically objects to Andrea Diem: He says that, well, I'm sorry, let me start with his peoples were were against suicide and objects to the concept of euthanasia, that it's in the will of the gods and who are we to interfere kind of thing. Andrea Diem: And then we have what's referred to as the Hippocratic Oath, which is the same old doctors take today and I will not administer poison to anyone who asked me to do so. Andrea Diem: Versus just such a course and that came from the Greek times the Hippocratic oath, and that's the objection to the nation, not to interfere with the course of nature. Andrea Diem: In ancient Rome euthanasia was considered a case of murder. It was not accepted, although it is interesting to note that they would take newborn babies that were very sickly and not long for the world and leave them out. Andrea Diem: It overnight exposure to the elements and they would die. So yes, over all there was a rejection of euthanasia, except in cases of that and Middle Ages of Europe. Andrea Diem: To Christianity, Judaism, and Islam or all arguing against euthanasia. Then we have a Christian thinker come along and he is Thomas form. Andrea Diem: And he is advocating you know cases where euthanasia is acceptable. You wrote a book called The utopia. And he says, in cases of extreme suffering and terminal illness. Andrea Diem: That it is understandable and here is this quote right here to match that. Andrea Diem: If a disease is not only distressing but also agonizing without cessation, then the priests in public officials. Andrea Diem: Exhort this man to free himself from this bitter life or else permit others to free him. So that's a quote, and that is coming from Christian thinker and that's Andrea Diem: Kind of interesting, that there are cases within Christianity that allowed for it, Francis Bacon, I might. You might have heard of him. He's the one that supposed to codify the concept of the scientific method and Andrea Diem: He states they acquire they ought to acquire the skill and the style the attention, whereas the dying may pass more easily and quietly out of line. So that's in support. So here we have more and bacon and support. Andrea Diem: Moving up. I'm not going to go through all of these just some highlights. So we know that Oregon has always been on the side arguing for the right for euthanasia. They passed a measure in the 90s and it's called, it's called Death with Dignity, there's this case of Andrea Diem: What's her name, Brittany may northern and she was the woman that was in California. Andrea Diem: I forgot exactly it was maybe 10 years ago and she had developed brain cancer and she wanted to have the right to die with dignity. She wanted that right to enter like she was Andrea Diem: You know, going to experience incredible pain to his terminal illness and so forth. And she didn't want to continue on with her life and so Andrea Diem: It was not allowed in California. At that time, so she went up to Oregon and was a big promoter of the Death with Dignity that's up in Oregon. Andrea Diem: And moving down here some other key ideas. I wanted to talk for a minute about because we don't have to go through all of the D. I'm not going to Andrea Diem: test you on the House of Representatives and how they voted or anything like that. Just the key highlights and I'm doing that with you right now. So this is an interesting story here. DR. JACK Kevorkian in 1999 Andrea Diem: He was, he was a doctor who promoted euthanasia and actually would inject patients who are terminally ill and Andrea Diem: Need of ending their life to to their pain and suffering. And so he's responsible for helping along 130 patients. Andrea Diem: And in one case, it went to a court case against him for a second degree murder of which he was sentenced 10 to 25 years he served eight years. Andrea Diem: He died at the age of 83 but some people refer to him as Dr. DEATH AND THIS IS DR Kevorkian right here. Here's a story about him. Andrea Diem: And if you just wanted to learn more. It's not necessary to open that article because I didn't put in the required readings. It's just there. If you're interested in learning more about him. Andrea Diem: Okay and moving. Let's go to the 20 well, Netherlands, let's mention that the approved voluntary euthanasia, we'll talk about what that is. Andrea Diem: And voluntary euthanasia. I mean, I will go through it with you again in a minute. But it's that physician assistant that you are agreeing Andrea Diem: That you want to be euthanized. And you have a doctor come in and help you do that. So, the Netherlands and that's mentioned there. So in Belgium. They also allow for that as well. And this happened all in the Andrea Diem: Time period. And so if you Andrea Diem: Do I have here. Let's click on that for a second. Oh site cannot be reached. So I'm going to delete that. So let's not worry about that one. Andrea Diem: So I guess I'm just giving you the source of where I'm getting that information where it's legalized, these are different countries, the United States. I'm just going to go right to the US. Andrea Diem: It is legalized in Oregon, Washington, Montana and Vermont. And then recently few years ago in California on tonight and Andrea Diem: To order articles that explains in order for it to be implemented. What does require this is just more saying it's accepted in California. Now, and this is the article that walks you through what is required. So it's coming down here. Here we have Governor Jerry Brown that Andrea Diem: Works with a scientist law and into effect and it talks about what are the requirements. So the person diagnosis have six months or less to live. Andrea Diem: They have to have to request that they make. And they have to have descended a written request, you have to have witnesses to it. Andrea Diem: And one of who may not be relative okay because they don't want that idea that the relatives pushing you to be euthanized to kind of have the burden off the family or the financial burden off the family. Andrea Diem: The physician assist them. So the attending physician must he must determine that the patient has mentally competent that they're making a rational informed decision. Andrea Diem: And it has to be more than one doctor, it has to be. I think it's two doctors and you see. Yes. Second physician must confirm the diagnosis. The prognosis and the mental capacity of that individual. So that was kind of interesting to learn about that and let's move here. Andrea Diem: So we're on the types of euthanasia. There are three types and I'll walk you through each voluntary or involuntary and non voluntary. Andrea Diem: Voluntary is what you're probably most familiar with. And that's the whole idea that somebody has terminal illness. They are willingly wanting to die because Andrea Diem: They are in pain and suffering in they asking for the help of the medical profession, they're asking for Dr. Death step in and assist their suicide and in some places in the world that is legal. Andrea Diem: And involuntary is a very rare. We're not going to really run a cross involuntary so I won't spend much time on it, but it's cases where it's very rare cases. Andrea Diem: Where it may be like Andrea Diem: A situation that you know a horrible death await somebody so you take their life before they have to go through that extreme painful unbearable death. Andrea Diem: So that's kind of involved. They don't want to be killed, but you're you're doing it out of a kind of a mercy killing, so to speak. So we're really not going to focus on that because the main Andrea Diem: The main areas that you're going to run into is voluntary and non voluntary non voluntary thing. Well, why wouldn't you have euthanasia. It's not volunteer persons not wanting it. Andrea Diem: It's not that they don't want it. They just never voiced their preference for it. They may be cases where they've lost consciousness. They're in a state of coma. Andrea Diem: They're severely disabled there you know maybe possible don't die or pain but Andrea Diem: Or, you know, unable to communicate. Let's say incurable cases of diseases. Been there also into a state where they may not have the mental capacity to express what they want. Andrea Diem: And so they're not able to communicate that. And so Andrea Diem: Non voluntary is you're taking it upon yourself to make that decision for them so voluntary you're choosing asking for the help of the doctor non voluntary use cases where the medical profession steps and says, Andrea Diem: Looks at the person says there's no possibility of this person being brought back to health and there's no possibility of this person getting out of this horrible situation it's incurable. Andrea Diem: There's a life of misery and that kind of consistent with the family. What they want to do. Okay, so look at each Andrea Diem: So let's see here. Andrea Diem: The non voluntary is not just cases of people in comas not just cases of people who are elderly, it also could be cases where infants that would be certainly non voluntary because an infant doesn't have the ability to express and the ability to say, Andrea Diem: Hey, I want to continue on, so non voluntary euthanasia would apply here when the parents then would have to make that decision, for instance, imagine had a baby that's born Andrea Diem: With you know severe intellectual disability severe or a baby that's born with spinal bifida Andrea Diem: Which is lacking a spinal cord are babies just born I guess there's cases. I mean, spinal this and I think you're also missing part of your brain, not just the spinal cord. So I mean there's just Andrea Diem: horrific situations and non voluntary euthanasia would be cases where the parents then want to have the right Andrea Diem: To not prolong the life of their child and Peter Singer is mentioned, I think this is his quote here saying, you know, he's Andrea Diem: Thinks that in those extreme cases, it should not be in the hands of the State to decide it shouldn't be in the hands of the medical profession. It really should be the hands of the parents to make those decisions. Andrea Diem: In the parents should be able to be empowered because it's their child, and they're the ones that loving you know that child and can make the best decision for its Andrea Diem: Situation. So what I have here. What are cases about severe accident. Okay, this is a very strange one. So cases where people are biologically alive, but not bio graphically. So just to share my little story here. Andrea Diem: My father fell off a ladder, and he was in exactly that case he was biologically alive, but not by graphically. There was no more brain state. Andrea Diem: Definitely in a coma vegetative elderly man. And they said, you know, you have two choices. It's kind of interesting one. I'll give you my personal account here. You have two choices you have choice number one, put them on this feeding to Andrea Diem: Completely vegetative and I stayed a miserable state, even though he may not be consciously there but just a miserable non biographical existence or Andrea Diem: We can engage in passive euthanasia and that is just, you know, unplug everything and just let them pass on his own. And at that time, they didn't have active euthanasia, because this was a one year before 2016 so Andrea Diem: Definitely had to make a decision. I mean, do we keep them biologically alive, but there's no person there anymore. Andrea Diem: Or do we just, you know, stop everything. So we consulted his will and his will clearly said do not resuscitate very clearly in this context in a coma brain dead, blah, blah, blah. It was clearly Andrea Diem: Explained out what he wanted. And so that's what we went with but the fact that that wasn't active euthanasia. It wasn't Andrea Diem: It was voluntary, certainly, but it wasn't active. It was kind of a tough one because Andrea Diem: It would have been so much easier. Andrea Diem: To give him some kind of medicine to help it along. It ended up to be a very prolonged 24 hours of torture is gasping for air. Andrea Diem: So I'm just sharing that with you that even though passing SOUNDS Oh, that's kind of nice. Just let them alone and let them pass on their own. Andrea Diem: It not necessarily from one perspective, the humane thing to do because you really have to confront the fact that somebody is possibly truly suffering in that state and a little medicine. Andrea Diem: Knowing that they're going to die within 24 hours anyway could speed it up and you know it's almost like put the Andrea Diem: Put the tortured animal out of its misery in that sense it was a very horrific 24 hours for her family. OK, so moving along. That was years ago. So I'm talking about very objectionable hey now voluntary euthanasia. Okay, voluntary euthanasia. Andrea Diem: What I want to say here again some quotes from Peter Singer, because we're pulling from his article and he is in support of it. In this case, and he raises. Andrea Diem: Opponents objections here and talks about it in this quote here. He talks about how in the courts in Netherlands, it's Andrea Diem: Deeply you know supported voluntary euthanasia. It's not a problem, there is a problem across a lot of the states of the United States, not all of them, as I mentioned, but certain countries it's acceptable and Andrea Diem: This is the qualifications for voluntary has to be by a physician, it has to be. There's no doubt the patient is requesting it and they're willing formed and they're free thinking they're using the reason and all of us. So those qualifications there. Andrea Diem: Okay, involuntary euthanasia. I had just gotten through saying it's very rare, very Andrea Diem: abnormal situation. So if real if this is from Peter Singer if in real life. We are very unlikely to encounter a cases of justifiable involuntary euthanasia, where you're going to go in and kill somebody, so they don't have a, you know, extra horrible death, you know, the next Andrea Diem: Week or something. So that would be very, very rare. Now some people object to Andrea Diem: This whole concept of euthanasia, saying, well, we're going to allow for euthanasia isn't the next thing we're going to allow for genocide and Peter Singer dresses that saying that's kind of a false Andrea Diem: Comparison. And it's kind of a slippery slope argument to say just because we're Andrea Diem: You know, trying to lessen the pain and suffering and the euthanasia case doesn't mean we're going to downright go out and you know full on you know commits genocide of mass people so he's just Andrea Diem: clarifying that. That would be a faulty we're thinking Andrea Diem: Now, so hopefully I've introduced, you mean the key points here, and I'll move to abortion in a minute. But the key points here is to understand the difference between active and passive Andrea Diem: To understand that in history. It's been a debated topic. Andrea Diem: Supported by some philosophers not supported by others supported not supported by some religious thinkers, supported by other religious thinkers and philosophers, so it's just we have a lot of voices expressing their ideas there. Andrea Diem: We have the 20th century material here death with dignity is a big one and comport cans, a big one. Okay. And then we talk about the 20th century 21st century. I'm sorry, and that it is legal in the US. Andrea Diem: As of 2016. I'm sorry. In California as of 2016 Andrea Diem: It talks about the different types of euthanasia and the key ones is voluntary and non voluntary and hopefully that added a lot of clarity. Andrea Diem: Okay. And a lot of those notes are just filled with quotes of don't you read them. But don't worry about stressing on them for the test because it's not about that. Andrea Diem: Okay, the abortion material here so abortions. Another topic under bioethics and it is also a hotly debated topic. Definitely. Andrea Diem: People are going to have Andrea Diem: strong opinions when it, when it comes to us and Asia. I haven't noticed a strong opinions, like a lot of people aren't as uncomfortable with it there. There's a quite I've noticed from a student's comfortability with euthanasia when it comes to abortion. Andrea Diem: It's a split class. Absolutely. Because there's very strong opinions here, I noticed a tendency towards you know it's the right of the mother, but not always. I'd say about Andrea Diem: 30 to 40% are strongly against abortion three classic positions, abortion is always wrong. Andrea Diem: Abortion is the right of the mother, especially if it's her life at risk with, you know, regardless, it's the right of the mother, mother, and then this one. Well, Andrea Diem: In some cases, it's a range of circumstances. Sometimes it's acceptable and sometimes it not depending upon the context. Andrea Diem: And the three positions here. So I have three are tiny short little blurbs for you to read representing those three sides. One is from Andrea Diem: A Catholic Archbishop and he's like the womb to tomb argument. And that's just, we have no right to interfere. The life occurs at the moment of conception in the womb. Andrea Diem: And it's no one's place to interfere until one gets to the tomb kind of thing. It's all in the will and hands of God sort of speak. Andrea Diem: That this woman hit her Susie Allison. She's pro choice. She represents that classic women's rights. Andrea Diem: That it's the women's right if they if it's her body kind of thing. Andrea Diem: 94 she points out that 95% occur within the first three months of gestation. So we're not talking about late term abortions, which are a lot more problematic. Andrea Diem: And then we have Peter Singer on this and he gives an alternative and it kind of fits the third category here, and he had his, his the CNS argument, which is central nervous system argument and its really arguing that Andrea Diem: I mean, I think you're going to say between Susie's and Allison's and the archbishop's position he's going to fit more with Susan's Allison's position, but he's going to ground it on the central nervous system. He says, Andrea Diem: Once the fetus has developed the capacity to experience pain and has developed brain and the develop spinal cord in a developed central nervous system. Andrea Diem: That's the point of which we should say, Hey, you know, maybe, maybe we should rethink that abortion. Andrea Diem: I can't see down right against it at all, because he's definitely for overall, the right of the female Andrea Diem: making that decision, but he says the central nervous system needs to be considered. So if you are going to have an abortion. Make sure you to it before, there is no developed central nervous system. Andrea Diem: And when is that central nervous system. When is that cut off and singer places that I've 18 weeks, but to be truly comfortable. A lot of people say no no that's even a little too late. Let's bring it earlier than that but that would be the absolute cut off. I know that when I Andrea Diem: Had an ultrasound, they make sure that that ultrasound is done by Andrea Diem: They wanted about 18 weeks. They don't want it to go into 20 weeks. I think the 20th is the absolute latest they'll do that ultrasound and i mean i'm sorry not ultrasound. So to the hold yourself a little pregnancy and q2 is in the wrong word. I'm talking about Andrea Diem: When they stick the needle in a plot the amniotic fluid and when they do that test. Andrea Diem: The reason why they don't do it past 20 weeks as they if they find out there's a problem with the child. Andrea Diem: And the mothers like having that decision. They don't want that mother to a board after the 20 weeks because that is when the central nervous systems there. And that's kind of the concept of we have a really fully developed central nervous system. Andrea Diem: And so we if the if be best to make those decisions, much earlier. And so they want to push for that to be done. Andrea Diem: Earlier in the pregnancy about 18 weeks to no longer than 20 weeks is the latest so Andrea Diem: Okay, I don't think they have to do that long needle in the in the woman anymore now they do blood tests and other things. So that was the answer almost seems a little archaic that they used to do that. Andrea Diem: And it was not a fun experience. I can tell you. Okay. And my babies are fine, and they're healthy and everything was wonderful. Okay so arguments against abortion. It's the classic one is the syllogism, you know, Andrea Diem: killing innocent people is wrong and it fetuses an innocent person. Therefore, abortion is wrong and it didn't we run into that same kind of syllogism. And our last lesson plan. Andrea Diem: And I believe we did some very similar one and with that whole concept of, you know, embryonic stem cell research. Andrea Diem: And then also killing potential people is wrong. I've heard that before killing somebody has a future is wrong, causing pain is wrong. You know, so these various arguments against abortion and then arguments, not so much. Andrea Diem: It sounds like people are in favor of abortion. That's where did poorly. It's not in favor of abortion but Andrea Diem: The right to choose if one wanted to. So that should be clarified. So the fetus is not necessarily a person with a right to life the arguments and people make. It's not always wrong to end the life in cases of disabilities. That's why they do the and Andrea Diem: The umbilical. I'm sorry, the embryonic test with a stick a needle end at a certain age because they don't want Andrea Diem: Them with the mother to be well informed and the case of our disabilities, the potential human beings don't have rights but actual people do. So that's some people have argued that Andrea Diem: That it's not the one that's potentially going to be a human. It's the actual person that does. And then the pregnant woman has rights to. So those are some ideas there so going down here. There are some philosophers like Plato and Aristotle. Andrea Diem: Well, I have here the New Testament doesn't really discuss it. But the Hebrew Scriptures talks about like the pregnant woman, the child's kind of the Andrea Diem: The property of the mothers. So that's kind of an interesting take on it Greco Roman times, Plato and Aristotle. Andrea Diem: They allow for abortion. Okay. They weren't in cases, especially in cases of disability and a lot of conversation occurs when they a lot of discussion occurs about quickening. What is quickening. Quickening is when that little Andrea Diem: The embryos. Now the fetus and the fetus is now 17 weeks and then the mother starts to fill like little butterflies in our stomach, and that's the baby starting to move around. And I remember it was like clockwork, I Andrea Diem: Felt I think I spell quickening around the end of my 15th week. And that's just little tiny little things you start feeling in there. And then pretty soon by the 39th weaker. Andrea Diem: 36 week you get full on punches and kicks, but the quickening and they call it animated animation or quickening and start feeling it. So some of the philosophers here. Andrea Diem: Like Aristotle, he doesn't have a problem with abortion as long as it's done. Um, he says that the male embryo. Andrea Diem: At 40 days and the female at 90 days as long as it's done before 40 days he thought the soul entered into the males. Andrea Diem: Earlier than the females. That's kind of interesting. Aristotle had a little misogynistic ideas. So I won't go into that right now. And then we have Andrea Diem: Christian thinkers and this is really interesting. So, some of them argued it was murder and I mentioned Clement of Alexandria and true Chilean Andrea Diem: But then you have these are very famous Christian philosopher slash thinkers Augustine and Aquinas, and this is shocking for a lot of you Augustine was highly influenced by Aristotle. Andrea Diem: And Aristotle, I had just said doesn't have a problem, as long as it's done early in the pregnancy and that's what Augustine says, as long as it's done before quickening before there's animation or and it before it's animated Andrea Diem: And I put what how how amazing because that is you don't you always think, oh, the Catholic Church is highly against it. But if you go back into some of the writings, way back before the sixth century back in the fourth century, you'll have kind of Andrea Diem: Conversation by Augustine that accepts it in some cases and accepts it as long as it's done before quickening. And then you actually have Aquinas who holds that position, as well as long as it's done before animation or quickening. Andrea Diem: Like I said, the 600 at the 16th centuries of the 16th century to the 20 century absolutely unacceptable. So it was not accepted for this fight for centuries there. And here's a quote that you know the Catholic Church truly condemns it but it's so Andrea Diem: Fascinating is the word that there is some history of early Catholicism that allowed for it now England also says it has to be done before quickening and they have their rules which are very different, the United States, the United States. Andrea Diem: In 1973 we talk about Roe vs. Wade and Roe vs. Wade is when we allow the women to choose and Andrea Diem: The that was pretty late where we had it much earlier in England, I believe, is what the argument I was making is Andrea Diem: So actually I don't know when it was illegal in England. So let's not worry about that. But the United States was 1973 and there is some people today. Andrea Diem: Are you going to challenge Roe versus Wade, and that's where you know you get the two different sides of the argument. And that's what we're discussing in here. I'm not holding a position. I'm just presenting Andrea Diem: different viewpoints and the history behind it and then the medical topics is all found in the BBC article and it just talks about Andrea Diem: For instance, the methods that people used for abortion. There's the abortion pill, which you have to take within the first seven weeks. There's the morning after the morning after is Andrea Diem: Really something that I want to look out for just a second. It's has to be taken within 72 hours after sex and there is no implantation. So it's really not an abortion is prevention of a pregnancy. So that's something different. And then there's actual surgery. Andrea Diem: And, you know, there's a lot more information here we have, what else do I want to say here. So anything else here. This is all covered like the rights of the mother, the rights of the Father. Andrea Diem: The rights of the unborn child so different conversations that are found in those BBC links there. Andrea Diem: And then where I want to click on this just for a second. I think I'm running out of time. I didn't even look at the clock. When I started, so I don't know how long we've been talking Andrea Diem: In the gallery of abortion worldwide. If you look at these categories zero is abortion is not allowed. One is it's only allowed to save the life of the mother to Andrea Diem: Its again allowed to save the life of the mother and this one is to save the life of the mother or other certain situations. Maybe the woman was been raped and then abortion is allowed and it's up to the right. Andrea Diem: For the mother to choose that. So here are the different categories. And then here you have the different countries and Andrea Diem: I just thought it was something you might be interested in. You're not going to be tested on this, you can say, well, what is pulling his position is islands position. But if you just wanted to know, and I'm looking at the zeros that zeros, where it's absolutely not allowed. Andrea Diem: And then the ones that are four is that it is loud so we have, like, you know, all of Europe here, Belgium, France, Germany, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Switzerland, Austria, etc. So in Ireland, Ireland, very Catholic. So what did they say what's number two again. Number two is Andrea Diem: Explicitly to save the life of the mother of so and this website was 2013 and now it's seven years later. So how accurate is that I believe it's fairly accurate and I could check that for you. But it's more just Andrea Diem: A feeler for you to understand, you know, the different positions around the world very so radically Andrea Diem: So I think that's it. I have reading here for you on the to biotech ethic topics required films and then your post question. Andrea Diem: So I will click on to those because according utilize so much of your time and I thank you for watching and if you have any questions, I have a Health Forum if email. I'm here for you at any time. I can't answer whether Andrea Diem: You should have an otter with a you should put in your will to have euthanized active euthanasia, but I certainly can here to answer any academic material for you. Okay. Thank you for watching and I'm going to click out