Introduction to Ionic Bonds

Overview

• Ionic bonds are a type of chemical bond.
• They hold metal atoms together with non-metal atoms.
• Chemical bonds act like glue holding atoms together.

Periodic Table

• Metals and non-metals are separated by a staircase on the periodic table.
• Metals are on one side and non-metals are on the other side.

Examples of Ionic Compounds

• Silver chloride (AgCl)
• Magnesium iodide (MgI₂)
• Aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃)

How Ionic Bonds Form

Sodium Chloride Example

• Sodium chloride (NaCl) is commonly known as table salt.
• Composed of sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl).

Process of Bond Formation

1. Separate Atoms
   • Start with two unconnected atoms: sodium (metal) and chlorine (non-metal).
2. Electron Transfer
   • Sodium atom gives one electron to chlorine.
   • This electron transfer changes the charges of the atoms.
3. Formation of Ions
   • Sodium (Na) becomes a Positive Ion
     • Loses one electron, resulting in a positive charge.
   • Chlorine becomes Chloride (Cl⁻)
     • Gains one electron, resulting in a negative charge.
   • Atoms with charges are called ions.

Ionic Bond Formation

• Opposite charges attract each other.
• Positive sodium ions attract negative chloride ions.
• This attraction glues the ions together to form an ionic bond.

Key Concepts

• Ions
  • Atoms or molecules with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons.
• Chlorine vs. Chloride
  • Chlorine is neutral (0 charge).
  • Chloride has a negative charge (1- charge) after gaining an electron.

Conclusion

• Ionic bonds are formed through the transfer of electrons resulting in charged ions that attract each other.
• Oppositely charged ions form the glue holding the atoms together.
• Future videos will cover why electrons move and more details on ionic bonding.

Important Steps to Remember

1. Electron Transfer: Sodium loses an electron to chlorine.
2. Ion Formation: Sodium becomes positive; chlorine becomes chloride (negative).
3. Attraction of Opposite Charges: Ions stick together due to opposite charges.