Anatomical Position, Regional Terminology, and Directional Terminology

Introduction

• Anatomical Position: Standard position where body stands straight with head forward, feet shoulder-width apart, palms facing forward, and thumbs pointing outward.
• Core concept for understanding anatomy and physiology.

Regional Terminology

Axial Skeleton

1. Cephalic Region (Head) - Anterior (Ventral) Aspect

   • Frontal Region: Forehead
   • Orbital Region: Eye area
   • Nasal Region: Nose area
   • Oral Region: Mouth area
   • Mental Region: Chin

2. Cephalic Region - Posterior (Dorsal) Aspect

   • Occipital Region: Back of the head
   • Otic Region: Ears

3. Cervical Region (Neck)

   • Present on both anterior and posterior aspects.

4. Thoracic Region (Chest)

   • Sternal Region: Midline of chest
   • Mammary Region: Breast area
   • Axillary Region: Armpits
   • Scapular Region: Shoulder blades (posterior)
   • Vertebral Region: Spine (posterior)

5. Abdominal Region

   • Umbilical Region: Belly button
   • Lumbar Region: Lower back (posterior)
   • Sacral Region: Tailbone area (posterior)

6. Pelvic Region

   • Inguinal Region: Groin
   • Pubic Region: Genital area

Appendicular Skeleton

1. Upper Limbs

   • Acromial Region: Shoulder
   • Brachial Region: Upper arm
   • Olecranon Region: Elbow (posterior)
   • Antecubital Region: Front of the elbow
   • Antebrachial Region: Forearm
   • Manual/Carpal Region: Wrist
   • Metacarpal Region: Back of the hand
   • Palmar Region: Palm of the hand
   • Digital Region: Fingers; thumb is called the "Pollux"

2. Lower Limbs

   • Coxal Region: Hip
   • Femoral Region: Thigh
   • Patellar Region: Kneecap
   • Popliteal Region: Back of the knee
   • Crural Region: Front of the lower leg
   • Fibular/Peroneal Region: Side of the lower leg
   • Sural Region: Calf (posterior)
   • Tarsal Region: Ankle
   • Calcaneal Region: Heel
   • Metatarsal Region: Top of the foot
   • Digital Region: Toes; big toe is called the "Halux"

Directional Terminology

• Anterior/Ventral: Towards the front
• Posterior/Dorsal: Towards the back
• Superior: Towards the head (axial skeleton only)
• Inferior: Towards the feet (axial skeleton only)
• Medial: Towards the midline
• Lateral: Away from the midline
• Proximal: Closer to the point of attachment (appendicular skeleton)
• Distal: Further from the point of attachment (appendicular skeleton)
• Superficial: Towards the surface
• Deep: Away from the surface, internal

Conclusion

• Understanding these terms is crucial for anatomy and physiology, as they are frequently used in clinical contexts.
• Gratitude extended to "Skelly" for demonstration purposes.