Structure and Function of DNA

Introduction

• DNA: Deoxyribonucleic Acid
• Located inside the nucleus of cells
• Primary functions:
  • Store genetic information
  • Code for genetic instructions

DNA During Cell Life Cycle

• Normal State: Coiled structure inside the nucleus (like a coiled noodle)
• Replication State: Arranged in structures known as chromosomes
  • Chromosomes help stabilize DNA during cell replication

DNA Structure

• Double Helix Model: DNA as a polymer

Understanding Polymers

• Polymer: Molecule with many repeating units (monomers)
• Example: Starch
  • Repeating units: Glucose
  • Bonds: Glucosidic bonds

DNA as a Polymer

• Monomer Units of DNA: Nucleotides
• Nucleotide Structure:
  • Phosphate Group: Phosphorous ion with four oxygen atoms
  • Sugar: Deoxyribose (a five-carbon sugar)
  • Nitrogenous Base: Various types (details in a linked video)

Additional Resources

• For detailed study on nucleotide structure, refer to linked video in the description