Okay guys, today we are going to be looking at, first we're going to look at the names of colors, then we're going to look at the grammar section. So we're going to look at nouns and adjectives and how they work differently in Spanish than they do in English. So first, los colores.
Primero tenemos negro, negro. Everybody say negro, blanco. Blanco.
Blanco. Rojo. Rojo.
Amarillo. Amarillo. Azul.
Azul. Verde. Verde. Morado.
Morado. Café. I say café. Technically it's marrón.
marron but it's more common to just say color cafe cafe marron works as well and then some people just say naranja naranja also works but naranja is like the fruit but they say for the color too but the the correct way correct way is okay so i want you guys to take a minute and match each of the following foods with the color. These are all cognates. So cafe is coffee, tomate, tamero. Chocolate is chocolate. Limon is either a lemon or a lime.
Unfortunately, Spanish has one word for both. So just pause the video and match them and we'll be right back. All right, guys, let's match these up.
I'm going to use a pen just to make it easier. La banana, la banana es amarillo. With digo, la banana es amarilla, because it has the matching gender. El café, el café, that is going to be marrón.
And again. I don't even say the word marrón. Generally speaking, if it's brown, I'm just going to call it coffee colored.
Color café. Ojos cafés for brown eyes. Ojos marrones, fine. It's fine.
But generally speaking, café. Ojos cafés or castaños. El tomate. Tomate is either red or green. right green tomatoes red tomatoes uh el chocolate el chocolate es negro sometimes people say chocolate's brown that's fine marron and then but people think like black chocolate chocolate negro um depends on how much milk i has it has gas i guess uh limon los limones son amarillos o verdes All right, so Spanish, just like English, has what we call nouns.
Nouns are people, places, and things. The word for noun in Spanish is sustantivo. A noun is a person, a place, un lugar, a thing, una cosa, or an idea, una idea.
In Español, in Spanish, los sustantivos son o femeninos o masculinos. So they're either feminine or masculine. So every noun is going to have a gender, regardless. Cuando se refiere a una persona, when it refers to a person, típicamente el sustantivo concuerda, agrees, the noun agrees with, el género de la persona, so el profesor, is a guy. La profesora is a woman.
And cuando se refiere a un objeto o cosa, el género es arbitrario, totally arbitrary. There's no reason why escritorio is el escritorio and pantalla for computer screen is la pantalla. La pantalla doesn't have like a physical gender but it does have a grammatical gender.
So every noun in Spanish will have a grammatical gender. For headphones, los auriculares, las gafas. No reason why they're feminine.
But in Spanish, they're going to have a grammatical gender. So las gafas de sol. We all say lentes, but gafas is probably a little bit more common.
Okay, so el hombre. Masculine singular. El hombre.
Did you get a bunch of them? Los hombres. So it has both gender, masculine, and number. Los, plural. La mujer, singular, feminine.
Las mujeres, plural, feminine. So, sus antiguos tienen género. El hombre, masculine, el niño. So this is all corresponding to when it refers to people, their biological sex. La mujer, feminine, la niña.
La niña is a girl. El niño is a guy. Pero cosas inanimadas, so inanimate objects, no tienen sexo. They absolutely don't have biological sex. But they do have grammatical gender.
And so el género es arbitrario, totalmente arbitrario. There's no reason why a phone is masculine and the sunglasses are feminine. There's no reason behind that.
It's just random. So miramos el sustantivo so we can look at the noun for some clues. So you don't have to memorize like every single gender because there are some patterns that we have. Okay, sustantivos tienen numero.
Gato is singular. Gatos is plural. So the way that Spanish makes things plural is by adding an S if the word ends in a vowel. So gato, gatos.
Articles like the and the word a, articles. En español, tienen que corresponder, so they have to correspond, con el sustantivo en género y número. So they have to agree in both gender and number. So, masculine, el. Masculine plural, los.
La and las. All of these words, when compared to English, mean the. The word in English the doesn't show how many or the gender, but in Spanish it will. So it's going to be el, la, los, las.
Libro, el libro. Pizarra, pizarra is the chalkboard. La pizarra.
Chicos, los chicos. Chicas, las chicas. Mochila, la mochila.
So looking at these words, do we see a pattern emerging? Yeah. The ones that end in O are, generally speaking, masculine.
So escritorio means desk. El escritorio, the desk, masculine. The ones that end in A, la pizarra, as, las chicas, and mochila, la mochila, son, Femeninas. They're feminine words. So we've already got the basics of our rule appearing.
So masculine words are generally speaking going to end in O. El chico. El niño. But they could also end in OR. El conductor.
El profesor. They could also end in ISTA. El turista. Feminine words are going to end in A.
La chica. La niña. Hora, la conductora, so the female driver.
La profesora, the female professor. Or ista, la turista. Note that ista is on both sides.
So the only way to know the gender of this person is by listening to the article. El turista and la turista. Okay, there are some more clues. Ma, so words that end in M-A.
are generally speaking going to be masculine. El problema. El programa.
Words that end in s, but they're singular, are generally going to be masculine. El autobus. The word for country, like the United States, país, ends in an s, so it's probably masculine. El país. Okay, words that end in c-i-o-n.
or S-I-O-N, or always feminine. La lección. La educación. Lección is lesson, but any word that ends in T-I-O-N, S-I-O-N, or C-I-O-N are always going to be feminine words.
And then words that end in TAD or TAD, these are those big ideas like freedom, happiness. All these big ideas are always going to be feminine. So la libertad, la felicidad, always la. Keeping in mind those rules that we just went over with those endings, pause the video here, and I want you to give me the correct article. El, la, el or la for each one of these.
So go ahead and pause the video and we'll be back in a second. Alright, you guys ready? Let's do these.
Canción ends in sion, so it's la. La canción. Cuaderno ends in an o, so that is el cuaderno.
País ends in an s and it's singular. So it's got to be masculine. El pais.
Programa. Ma is el. El programa. Autor is an or.
So it's el. El autor. Comunidad ends in that dad.
So it's la. La comunidad. Hermano refers to a guy.
So it's got to be el. Hermano. Hermana.
My sister. La hermana. El hermano.
brother, hermana, sister. Some of these are pretty clear. Programa is program.
Cuaderno. Cuaderno is a notebook. Cancion, that's a song.
We'll learn these vocab as we go along. All right, so same thing again, guys. Just give me the correct article.
So it's either going to be la, el, los, or las. So pick one of these four for each one of these down here. You guys ready? All right. Mapa.
And it's an exception. Sorry. It is El Mapa.
El Mapa. Um. So we went over how words that end in M are generally masculine.
Well, mapa is also masculine. No really good reason for that, though. Universidad, la, because it ends in the da, right? Exámenes, there's no way of knowing.
It's los. You just have to memorize it. Los exámenes.
Tarea, la. That one's easy. Elbo, elégrafo. That one's also easy.
So lecciones, so if you kick off the plural part, it ends in sion, and we know that all words that end in sion are feminine, so las, las lecciones. So we went over the articles el, la, los, and las, and those all refer to the word the in English, which is a definite article. But we also have what we call indefinite articles, which in English is a, like a boy, and some, like some boys.
So a is un and una, un and una. And then to say like some girls, you would say unas chicas, some boys, unos chicos. In English, we can't really pluralize the word a, but the most corresponding word in English is some for our articles.
All right so I just here I just want you to give me either un, una, unos, unas for each one of these. If you want to go ahead and pause the video we'll be right back. You guys ready to go?
All right chicas that's an easy one. Unas chicas. Estudiantes, Oh, that's hard because estudiantes could refer to either a group of guys or a group of girls. So either one is going to work. Unos estudiantes would be a group of guys.
Unas estudiantes would be a group of girls. Mujer, that means woman. So it's going to be una, una mujer.
Libro, N's in an O, so it's un libro. And libro means book. That's where in English we get words like library.
It's from the base Latin word for book. Mochila ends in an A, so it's got to be la. Sorry, una.
Una mochila. Mochila is a backpack. Escritorios, desks. Unos escritorios. And plumas for pen.
I have one around here somewhere. Pluma. That's going to be unas plumas. All right.
Just one more set of these for additional practice, and then we'll be done for the section. So if you guys want to go ahead and pause the video, we'll be right back. You guys ready to go?
All right. So chico, it's going to be el chico. Maleta ends in an A, so it's la maleta. Os cuadernos. Los.
Lapis. El. El lapis. There's no real good reason for that. Where is it in Z?
They go either way. They could be feminine. They could be masculine. Except I don't have that memorized. Lapis means pencil, by the way.
El lapis is the pencil. Mujeres means women. Las. Las mujeres.
All right, over here we're using the indefinite article. Escuelas. Unas. Escuelas. Because it is an R.
As. Computadora, una. And that just means computer. Computadora. Hombres, that's the word for men.
Hombres. Uno. Unos.
Sorry about that. Unos. Hombres.
Señora means miss. Una. Señora. And lápices.
Well, if lápices, L. All right, so this has just been a really quick introduction to gender and number of nouns. This is to go along with the lesson in the online textbook that deals with the same issue.
Hopefully this has helped clarify it a little bit, but if not, I would be happy to discuss it with you during my office hours. Just send me an email. See you guys next time.