AP Psychology Cram Sheet Notes

Key Figures in Psychology

• Wundt: "Father of Psychology", known for introspection.
• Wertheimer: Gestalt Psychology.
• Titchner: Structuralism.
• James: Functionalism.
• Watson: Behaviorism, famous for "Little Albert Study".
• Freud: Psychoanalytic theory, dream analysis, free association, personality structure, developmental stages, defense mechanisms.
• Milgram: Obedience studies, noted for ethical implications.
• Broca & Wernicke: Brain studies on expressive and receptive language.
• Pavlov & Thorndike: Classical and instrumental conditioning.
• Skinner: Operant conditioning, Behaviorist studies with rats and pigeons.
• Bandura: Observational learning, Bobo Dolls experiment, Social-Cognitive Theory.
• Ebbinghaus: Forgetting, Decay Model.
• Chomsky & Whorf: Language development theories.
• Jung, Adler, Erickson: Various psychoanalytic and developmental theories.
• Piaget: Stages of Cognitive Development.
• Maslow: Hierarchy of Needs, Humanistic psychology.
• Harlow, Lorenz, Gage: Attachment studies and survival theories.
• Beck, Ellis: Cognitive therapy approaches.

Perspectives in Psychology

• Behaviorism: Focus on learning, environment, and nurture.
• Biological: Physiology, genetics, nature.
• Cognitive: Mental processes.
• Psychoanalytic: Unconscious conflicts.
• Humanistic: Free will, self-direction, innate goodness.
• Gestalt: Perception and organizational processes.

Theories and Concepts

• Piaget's Cognitive Development: Sensorimotor to Formal-Operational stages.
• Kohlberg's Moral Judgment: Preconventional to Postconventional stages.
• Erickson's Psychosocial Development: Stages from infancy to adulthood.
• Kubler-Ross' Stages of Death: Denial to acceptance.
• Weber's Law, Color Theories: Sensory perception theories.
• Place and Frequency Theories: Understanding sound perception.
• Facial Feedback Hypothesis: Emotions from facial cues.

Experiments and Effects

• Milgram's Obedience Study: Authority influence on behavior.
• Zimbardo's Prison Study: Role effects.
• Hawthorne Effect, Bystander Effect: Behavioral changes under observation.
• Asche Conformity Study: Social influence on judgment.

Social Psychology

• Conformity and Social Norms: Influence of societal standards.
• Compliance Techniques: "Foot in the door" and "Door in the face".
• Altruism and Bystander Effect: Helpfulness and social responsibility.
• Group Dynamics: Social facilitation, loafing, risky shift, deindividuation.

Summary of Psychological Perspectives

• Personality: Various views including psychoanalytic, behaviorist, humanistic, and cognitive.
• Abnormal Psychology: Origins and treatment from different psychological perspectives.
• Therapy/Treatment: Techniques ranging from psychoanalysis to biomedical interventions.

These notes summarize key concepts, theories, and experiments in psychology, providing an overview of important figures and ideas for exam preparation.