Emasculation and Pollination in Wheat

1. Emasculation in Wheat

• Definition:

  • Emasculation is the process of removing the anthers (male reproductive parts) from a flower.
  • Purpose is to prevent self-pollination, control pollination, and promote cross-breeding.
  • Essential for developing hybrid varieties.

• Method Used in Wheat:

  • Manual Emasculation is the most common method.
  • Steps:
    1. Select immature wheat spikes just before anthers mature.
    2. Carefully open the florets.
    3. Remove all anthers using forceps without damaging the stigma.
    4. Bag the emasculated spike to avoid unwanted pollen contamination.

• Timing:

  • Typically done in early morning or late afternoon when flowers are at the correct stage.

2. Pollination in Wheat

• Type of Pollination:

  • Wheat is primarily self-pollinated.
  • Cross-pollination can occur naturally (up to 4%) under certain conditions.

• Self-Pollination Process:

  • The anthers and stigma are very close.
  • Pollen is shed directly onto the stigma within the same flower.

• Artificial Cross-Pollination:

  • After emasculation, desired pollen is collected from the selected male parent.
  • Pollen is carefully dusted on the stigma of the emasculated flower.

• Bagging:

  • After pollination, the spike is rebagged to prevent contamination and ensure pure crossing.