Transcript for:
Bills of Exchange and Promissory Notes

You have to write the name of the new chapter as heading Bills of Exchange so this chapter is a very good chapter from the perspective of the exam Its weightage is from 5 to 10 marks And the good thing about it is that you It doesn't require much calculation Not much to make it into a laser The meaning of this is very simple in which You just have to make general entries, think of one As such Chapter in which you will only get general entries Karni and sometimes you hardly get 10 minutes It will take 10 minutes to solve one question and that too of the number would be where you do a big chapter like Now you ask any question about the final account How much time does it take you to complete it? Look at the trial balance item by item Make adjustments, solve them, still balance Sheet not tallied panic You don't have to do anything in this, just take the laser form. You just have to make general entries. If it is an easy chapter then it means such a chapter is for the exam that when its in the exam When a question arises, we try to Solve this first, it is an easy chapter also. And there's also a scoring chapter, okay, Bills of We understand this exchange together. What is all First of all, in the heading you have Doing two bifurcations a little chapter one Let us make an overview of what is in the chapter. what-what If so, there are two things in this chapter, one is Bills of Exchange The first and second are promissory note promissory note Note OK Bills of Exchange and Promissory Note Bills of Exchange There are two types inside which we read If yes, then make two buffer connections below it. There is a trade Bills and one is Kokomo Bills are one trade bills and one will be accommodation bills okay so when we complete If we read the chapter, we will learn all these things. Will all this go away and in this our For which we will learn accounting in the entire chapter. to do That is just the work of this portion Yes, isn't it, and a little bit more Theory promissory notes only for our course Inside as a theory topic, it is just a small one Only us in this I want to study conceptual theory Datchi and Promissory Note but Promissory Note: This means we should not exhaust like that. Evali Cover Bills of Exchange Us Exhaust Wali Kava Karna Okay, so where does the story begin? What are these two topics after all? OK So let's do a drawing for this. I mean, you are also mine along with me. You can make up with some imaginary people takes the name let's say there's this guy, this guy His name is Bunty make another man This other man's name is Monty and a third man also make The name of this third man is Lets From Rocky okay so any three people random which can be named anything I would not take out a piece of paper now. Let's make a letter from Let's Bunty took out a letter, a piece of paper took out the letter, okay and in that letter Bunty is writing something in English now Bunty Look what Bunty is writing in English. writing is that Mr. Rocky you will Pay 00 after Months to Mr. Monty, okay, he wrote this in English. I translate English to Hindi It is written in this letter that Rocky ji You will give 00 to Mati after three months No, it is not written now, like this, any blank Anyone can write anything in the letter, that is your Also write that you will give Rs 10 lakh to someone. So, or should I write, bring me one? If you give me a crore rupees, it will be nothing. It must be so because it is written on this letter Rocky's gone I will call the name Rocky yellow. I want to give you money, his name is Rocky. A liability was written on Rocky's head It is being made that if you give money This letter is of no importance unless Rocky refuses to sign it because such So we can write anyone's name like this so I Should I write your name in a letter, brother? If Mohanji gives Rs 10 crore then Mohanji If he himself does not know then now we have written the letter like this I have written that Mr. Rocky you will pay 00 After the months to Mr. Monty, so this A letter is of no value unless it The letter should not reach Rocky ji. Read this and after reading this Rocky ji Accept this letter means accept I mean sign it below. If I sign for Rocky, then Rocky Accepted it and said ok Hey brother, the story is done, okay, so this whole There are three characters running in the story, a yellow Rocky in Blue Color Bunty Ji Banana Let's take it and make Montyji in green color. Let's take it because Monty G is that person. Those who will get the money in whose letter If the name is written in this paper then now The pieces are called bills of exchange. this piece of paper which is this paper The piece got its name, what name did it get? Bills of exchange meaning is also a term Bills of exchange arrived in which the three They are eligible and have been given terminology Bunty is called drawer because Bunty made that letter So the person who makes the letter is called Drawer Rocky ji has accepted it. Meaning, those who have signed on their heads Now there is a liability to pay the money, he told them goes Dry, Rocky ji's name is Dry and the one The man gets the money Monty whose name is that the money be given to Monty after three months If so, Monty ji is called Pe to Inside the Story of Bills of Exchange There are three parties within the concept. If you make this small drawing, then from this You will have a basic idea of ​​what Bills of exchange are issued and then we sell them If you write a little, then bills of exchange There will be basically three parties, okay? There will be one drawer, there will be one dry and one will Payee then became the drawer who was making the letter It has become dry that I am accepting It is there and it has happened to the one who has money If we meet then you make this drawing till then I will write down the definitions of all three. One line for you as to who the drawer is. Who is Drai and who is Pei, isn't it? We wrote the word M and made a sentence out of it. Write down the meaning as well So we can say that drawer is who makes the Bill who is making Max the Bill is dry Acceptor T who is liable to pay to whom to give money It is in our story Rocky and Pay Ho Gaya Monty who receives the money See you in our story Monty Receives the Money then means that it became that within the concept of bills of exchange There is a party, this is the concept. This star on bills of exchange means this You can tell this whole concept to Star as Bills of You can say the concept of exchange to understand Because bills of exchange are Basically it is a three-party Bills of Exchange I am fine, so first you make this much. okay baby let's go ahead now So this is bills of exchange, okay? This chapter will continue to progress slowly and We give more meaning to this story Complicated is his name Rocky And the second character is the second person. Let's assume his name is Monty, now this time the story is a little different. Let's listen to the story again, this time two times. This is the character in our Bollywood movie. Rocky and Monty were the three in the old one. two of these Now this time Rocky again sends a letter takes out And this time Rocky writes in the letter That I, Rocky, am in full consciousness I promise this Am That I 00 three months After Monty I will give it to you and I sign it myself. Rocky Okay, so Rocky this time writes a letter himself. He makes a letter and writes in it that I, Rocky, promise this in full consciousness I am 00 after three months Mr. To Monty I will give it, okay I promise and this He gives the letter to Monty and says, take this. Monty, so you can believe me. I will give you this letter hmm okay sir now in this letter if you Take a little notice of the old letter and this There is a difference in the letter, please pay attention. Seeing an old letter means old The person who was making the letter in the story was someone And who was that person, Bunty was there. Bunty gave orders to Rocky, which means orders too. Tell him or tell Rocky to give it to you Which Rocky accepted but this This is not the case in the letter, in this story. You are seeing a little twist in this In the letter, Rocky himself said about this concept I'm promising that I If I give it, no one here will direct him. He is doing it, no one here is saying this. That I am telling you this myself I will give it, I promise myself He is saying this himself and by writing the letter himself is just sending What will happen to this letter if it is destroyed? will say promissory Just make a note of this and you will You will understand that there are two types of The letters are So this letter is called a promissory note. Note: I would have written the names of the remaining characters. So here Rocky is called Rocky The character's name is Maker, the character of Rocky is shown here But it is said that the maker because he wrote the letter He made a promise Dia and Joe Monty His character's name is the same here too. Monty is the character's name. Pei Monty is the character's name Pei to here The names of the characters are Maker and Pay so about them I'll write each word until you make a quick drawing if you want Maker and There should be the name of the maker on it If Rocky had gone, you would have written down his meaning. Are Max Promissory note h Max Promissory Note End is liable to The payer is the person who issues the promissory note making it and paying And the character who is Pei is who receives the Money, whoever gets the money, Monty who receives the money, Monty gets the money Mill If you go, the role of the promissory note will be just this much Correct, promissory note ends in the entire chapter. Meaning our accounting and all our Existive stories are those bills of exchange But the promissory note no longer plays a role. No, it's just a theory that What is a promissory note and how much is it? If there are parties, how many parties are there? There are two parties, one is called maker one Who is told that it is due for the rest of the exam? From this perspective, it becomes a question Very nice number four that Distinguishing between bill of exchange and Promissory note what is in these two If there is a difference, we will write it down below. Till now you have understood the meaning of both holidays You can write down the difference in tabular form below. create the format Some differences if desired let's write it down Quickly, let's write down the bills on one side. exchange and write it aside Promissory Note Let's write it on bills of exchange. Yes, what is a bill? Contents An order to Pay a Bill Contains an order to pay and a promissory note I write it Contents Promise to Pay ok so look at the difference in the words bills An order is placed on an exchange. There is a promise in the promissory note, a little If there is a difference then in bills of exchange Bunty had ordered Rocky to pay the money. But in the promissory note Rocky himself promises He is saying that if I give you money, then give it to me only a little. be the difference Gaya Second Point Bills of Exchange there are three The name of the parties Tell Okay, I thought you would say Bhupendra. Jogi Drawer Dry And Payee now named in Promise Re Note tell me okay so there are two parties Maker End But it is there, so this is also a difference that There are three characters in Brother Bills of Exchange Dror Drai and Pei Whereas there are only two characters in the promissory note. Maker and Payee, these words are their names. names of characters after that the third Point Bill is paid Bye acceptor that is die bill is paid by Acceptor T is Dry and It contains a promissory note. note is paid Bye tell me who The maker changed the character a bit here too. If you go, you can accept money in Bill Exchange. gives what is accepting Yes, isn't it? The letter maker doesn't give it. Na Bills of Exchange see the letter Who made it, Bunty, but not the money Giving but made a letter in the promissory note Who was the maker, he gives the money Bill in promissory note which pays or The maker makes the payment. Apart from that, the fourth foreign number Four Bills is drawn Bye, it has been asked many times in the exam, true. Even in fouls, they put stars that Bills Who draws the off exchange and or Let me write the promissory note here first. note is made Bye And who makes the promissory note? This is an important point, it is asked in the exam. who makes that If so, he asks who draws the bill or Who draws the promissory note? If he asks this then this word is important. Whatever we write here for us, we will be like clouds. Tell me, in 11th class those who read Yes, so who is that person? That person asks Bill of exchange which draws makes him speak creditor whereas the promissory note which is makes it say You can also write down the data Your mind should not suddenly go, hey, what is this? Is it done or do you mean how did this happen suddenly right now? My mind won't work, don't worry, that's a little You will understand this later, but this is important. I will tell you in a while, so the bill Bill of exchange is usually made by the maker The person is the creditor while the promissory The person who makes the note is called the debtor. It happens, we will understand it in a little while. It will be done later also because after that the number five bills of Exchange Can Accepted Conditionally bill of exchange can be Accepted conditionally while a promissory Note a Promissory Not Can Not Be Made conditionally Cannot Be Made Conditionally, we call the bill of exchange Can accept Conditionally but promissory note at any time If it cannot be made on the conditions then it means This means that the bill of When we accept the exchange You can also apply dry conditioner to it. The condition which can be approved should be imposed It could be anything, I mean I am like this I am giving him a random example. Don't take it to heart, no matter what the condition is. You can guess that brother, I will deposit the money at 5:00 in the evening. I will give it after 10 pm and Parleji along with it. If I eat biscuits then it is okay, meaning there is no There is no problem if the drawer agrees, the payee agrees. So there is no tension, whatever the condition may be. If applied, the bill of exchange is It may be accepted conditionally but No conditions are imposed on the promissory note. I can't write this while I'm making it. I promise I will give you the money I will give it to you and put a further condition that if in the evening If it rains or I put a condition that If I feel like it or I put a condition Di that if I eat Parleji biscuit then There are no conditions in the promise re note. If I promise I will give you the money There is a promise now, there is no condition in it that If this happens then I will give it, then it will be beneficial. What if we have no idea in the promissory note? No conditions are imposed but bill of exchange can be accepted conditionally in that Conditions may be a problem No, then the number ch in bill of Bill of Exchange Exchange comma notice of dis Honor Must Be Given notice of this honour must be Given While promissory note I know notice is Required then dishonor means that If you don't pay the money and it bounces Discounting Bills of Exchange Meaning, if we are not paying the money then this have to give notice of okay in that There is a provision in the law that you will be given notice You will have to pay if you do not pay the bill. Are you okay, the party in front of you Notice will have to be sent but promissory note If no such notice is provided for in any such notice therein of the Disner No notice required It happens, right? So, I mean, write six differences. If you took it, at least five out of six You will study and leave and you will get four in the exam. You will definitely write it down for number four, right? The question comes in rest one or two numbers Any of these points ask like this So it's cleared up but the story is about Bills of Key of Exchange and Promissory Note That's fine, the rest is for the creditor and debtor Let me explain the point a little so Look, two men take that usually. Let's assume the first man can be The name of the second man of SR is Sallu to SR's new goods Sell ​​it, okay, give it to Sallu on loan So when SRK sold goods to Sallu On loan, let's look at this from Sallu's perspective. I can also write that Sallu has done good work. Purchase SR's on credit But it's okay, brothers Sisters, when Sallu will sell SR's goods To So Sallu is a dater in SRK's books. Let's say it will be made of 00 because what about SR Sallu will make a general entry to sell goods. I also do debit to sales, right? What sales entries did we make in our childhood? in data to Sales, who is Sallu in SRK's books? Have a dater Is it good to buy Sallu goods? will enter Purchase Account Debit to SR So in his books SR creditor okay okay Now look, two things can happen. There may be one in which SR's He should make a bill because look at the tension SRK has to take money from whom? Is Look, if SRK sold the goods then SRK From whom do you want to take money, tension from Sallu SR's concern is whether he gets the money or not. So SRK made a letter and that letter In wrote that Mr. Sallu you will pay 00 after 3 months and I wrote my own name on 2SR that I only to give So now SRK has made a letter Mr. Sallu you give me 00 after three months Now Sallu has signed it. Diya Sallu accepted it, okay? In this story, you would call it a promissory note. or bill of exchange You will say Bill of got it because here SR Is he giving an order to Sallu, then this What would you call this letter in the story? Bill Exchange So now you in this story Look, what are you saying about this bill of exchange? We will say that the letter is absolutely correct. Yes, you, this bill of exchange, this letter Who made it? Tell me SRK made it very good and ours Who is SR in the story? Look who's SR He is the creditor, brother, look at Sallu's Who is coming under liability in the balance sheet SRK's creditor must be coming Sallu in the balance sheet is a debtor Neither does it matter who makes the bill of exchange. Meaning Generally it creates a creditor, right? Your point is written above, see that the bill Bill of Exchange, isn't it? Who makes it, generally the creditor makes it. It means that right so you just remember the word To know who makes the bill of exchange Credit: Well, similarly, let's assume the second I will write a letter, now accept this one The story is useless Now Sallu is gone, let's say Sallu himself is a Sallu is writing a letter and saying, I promise I am sure I will give you 00 after three months to SR and I have prepared and signed this letter. So what do you do with this letter now? If you say it is a promissory note then it is a promissory note. Who makes the notes? I mean yes, look Sallu will always make it. Who is Sallu, the story director, that's why I wrote It is known that the promissory note is and who It makes a dater, isn't it, it's the story? and bills of exchange and who makes the creditor, it means that he Therefore, the point Y is written on Y. be clear If it goes then it means that this is your theory. What is a promissory note or its If you ask for difference or bills of exchange Now when we discuss further then Bills of We will check the exchange and everything inside it. things will be covered so first of all now you mean Next put a main arrow To write means to write down bills of exchange. Exchange is right underlining this. Now we will take it from bills of exchange. Related things covered If you do it then put the first dot write it down It Judge N instrument in Writing Containing An Unconditional Order Containing an Unconditional Order Signed by the Maker Signed by the Maker Directing a Certain Person Directing a Certain Person to Pay a certain sum of Money to Pay Write A friend to pay a certain sum of Money Only Two and to the order of certain Person and the bearer of the Instruments and the Bearer of the instrument Okay, so this is the exact definition, so now Because the subject definition is written in the law If it has happened then I cannot change it, so a little It will sound typical of English, hey, what are you saying? But it's saying what you need to know I explained it in simple language, that's what I said. It means that this is an instrument There is a piece of paper, the meaning is written in it. is in writing that contains an order We order someone to sign by the Maker Directing a Certain Person to Pay a Certain sum of money only to and to the order Of certain person means someone or something to someone else on the order and to the birr of the Instrument this is a bearer word come bearer of Word Meaning, anyone who has power in this can get it. He is getting paid yes Maximum time when the bill is made, then only wrote like this It would be that brother Mr. Rocky You Will Pay 00 R after three months to now necessary after two No, if someone's name is written, I will just write 'two'. Barar means barar, brother Whoever has this letter will get the money. If no one's name is written then this Meaning, whoever has this letter If it happens then whoever gets the money will be respected. If I have the letter, I will give you the money. You will get this letter if you steal it from me. You will get it, your friend stole it from you So if he gets it then it means the person who has this letter If he gets the money then maximum The time may also be such that whatever is him money If we have to meet then this has happened. Definition followed by a second dot You've already covered that there are three. Birdie so this is just rewrite it like this put the load in Dr. Comma Dry End But there are three parties in this, fear dry And on it it is the same Write in point and third dot Take Bills Off Exchange Can B then dashed A Trade Bill and B Accommodation Bill A Trade Bill and Bill B Accommodation Bill, we'll understand this a little bit. What is a trade bill and an accommodation bill? What is it because both have accounting Inside our syllabus If yes, then you should write it in the trade bill by putting a dash. Low Deter End creditor's Story dater a r wali story that too story I will tell you what it is and accommodation write in the bill Take two In the Friends Bracket Betrayed Story Bittle Meaning Danger Dhokha is the story of two friends. in which a friend betrays There will be two types of bills, trade bill and Accommodation bill to trade I will explain the bill now, however, whatever you have I thought the story above was about Sallu and SR. That is a trade bill, the meaning of trade bill When two people trade with each other If it is there then just listen to the story and write it down. There is no need to make So whatever happens is a trade bill. In which two people trade with each other are like our example which It was that this person sold the goods and that person sold the goods. When two people buy goods among themselves sell and then use the bills Let's do it, isn't it? This is the story that happens. This is the story of the trade bill. It is called a trade bill because there are two People trade with each other, but We will take the Accommodation Bill a little further. I will understand in detail but for now let me tell you If I give it to you then they don't trade in it. There are two friends, now both are sitting idle So you are thinking what to do, like in childhood You used to play kitchen, doctor, doctor, right? From house to house, they thought we were both empty When we sat down and played, he said, Bill Bill Play and say yes, I will make the bill. Accept it If you take it, he will make the bill and she will accept it. Now that we have done that, we will continue the story in question. We will understand how that deception happens and all that. Cheese, but they don't trade here. What is their business here? No, these two are friends. They are friends and they need some money. That was a story, I will tell you later what it is. But this bill would be called that. If there is accommodation then you will see that There is no question of selling goods initially. It may be there but it is a trade bill. Goods are bought and sold in it Then the next story is created. We will learn that when we go, well so be it. Trade Bill and Accommodation Bill then after Khana put an arrow next to it and you can put it next arrow put like take it in Write down due Bills of Debt Exchange Due Bills of Debt Exchange So the due date of bills of exchange is Meaning basically it is That as it was written in any bill, three It's a month or four months, so what would that be? If so, write the formula below it. period of Bill Plus tell me remember Three Days Grace so this The old tradition continues So that's what we're following. Bus Three Days Grace okay so that means like this Taking a random example, let's say Mann Here is the day of April 14th and I gave someone three months' time I have given it in the bill, okay let's say the bill is there. three months So what will happen now that after three months After April 14, May, June, July, July 14 When the day comes, you will go straight to 5 in the morning. I reached there at 10 o'clock and rang his bell, bring the money. Two brothers, three months have passed, so in the old days I used to think, look, just like this for three months. If you are done then let the other person breathe. So he is given three days' time to You do one thing, let's go for three more days Take So on 15th, 16th or 17th we will again go to his house. I'll go and say, come on, it's been three days now. Now pay the money, the actual due date What will be considered? July 17 So this is an old tradition that as much as There is also a billing period, you can pay it within three days after that. Give me extra time, give it yourself So, we will accept the due date and will it work? July 17th would mean Then below it If Due Date Falls On Then put a dash if due Date falls on dash daal ke do biffer cation kar take it here So now the due date may have fallen by mistake public holiday But public holiday on or Sunday Wale The day is now a public holiday here too. It has been specifically mentioned that the public Holidays to us mean only three holidays I believe there are other holidays too Practically a public holiday but in We mainly consider three holidays as public holidays. Believes in the Republic Independence Day Day and Gandhi Jayanti, so these three dates you Write down that we will celebrate only these three holidays Public holidays consider your of the syllabus and if it falls on Sunday Now this is also gone because the old rules still apply. Although all these things are coming now It's useless, but the old rules still apply. This was that suppose today is a public holiday now You reached home on someone's day, 26th January On 15th August, he will say, bring the money, hey Brother, today is a bank holiday, how will I do it today? Withdraw money by going to the bank or you The next day arrived and he was saying to me today I have to go get my hair cut, you came early this morning. Today the bank is closed, whereas in the olden times when It is due on a public holiday or Sunday. The date was known to us in advance because If I had known, then it was an old practice that we would again They will come to your house a day earlier to collect the money. One Day Before then in that case we came a day earlier If you go then this old tradition still continues. running according to the rules According to this, if you assume the due date is Sunday It fell on a day or on a public holiday If it goes away then we will consider the previous day as the due date. I'll take, for example, lettuce in my example. From 17th July lettuce to Sunday Tha Mann Look, if July 17th is Sunday So now we will not ask for money on 17th July. Then when will you ask for it, it is on 16th July, right? Katrina Kaif's birthday Day 16 July so this is a public holiday or Now the public should accept Sunday as a holiday. There is no holiday or Sunday is not a holiday emergency holiday emergency holiday sudden emergency holiday tax The meaning of the now obviously emergency holiday It happens that if there is a sudden holiday You'll never know that before tonight I was sleeping very well and happily that yesterday I have to go to collect the money, suddenly Modi ji comes and Modi ji said, brother, tomorrow is a holiday. Emergency Holiday tomorrow, whatever happens If you go on emergency holiday due to lethality then you Barber, you can't do anything, that's in your hands. If it is not there then in the old times They said, okay, then we'll do it. If we come the next day, we will come again one day After that, the due date is considered to be one day. After so if there is a sudden holiday on 17th July Suppose there is an emergency holiday then We are on July 18th. to take money I understand, let's go and play a little bit first. Let me give you a small example. It is based on this game, so I owe you Dates niklava ung to hum a small sa Let's make a question like this To Find Due Dates Okay, so once in a while, a little Your hands will be clean and I will also see I'll assume you understand a little bit or Otherwise, you can use three tabular bus formats in it. Make it means make three columns. Take Write the date of in the first column. Write the bill in another take period off Write down the bill and the third one is due Date Okay, so I'm going to give you four different bills. I will give you four different bills and different things. Period I will give it to you, then you just calculate the due date. TRAI The first thing to do is January 1st. 2019 Period of Bills Month's second is June 16 2019 period is 30 Days The third is November 12. 2019 period is 147 Days Fourth is July 12th 2019 is period one Okay, so let's try it once. will you discuss it again So let's start with the first bill. Tell me April 4th, okay, so you're three months ahead. If you keep counting after January 1st, then April 1st Then after that three days grace and addition If you take it, April 4th will come, absolutely correct. The simplest 2019, then after June 16 After 30 Day 19 July 19 july So keep this in mind that when 30 days You are having your period, although this thing We will write further now, then you can watch 30 days. If you don't take one month like this then you If we have to count in days only, then like 16 If it is June then now you have to go to 30 We will have to count the days till June 16th. When you count the days, it's a coincidence So, he will come on 16th July. After that you will have three more days of grace. If you have to add it, then July 19 will come now. Similarly, the third one has been given like 12th November If you count 147 days after 2019, then in this So by default you count in days If you have to count 147 days ahead, you will have to do it. Tell me how much is coming in this is it April 10 or 9 April or 10, okay, you can do it. Count yours is coming April 8th and someone's Is 1st April also coming or 11th April is also coming If it is there then let's do it, then in this our The counting has to be done and it should be correct. So look, after November 12, 2019, if you doing the counting If yes, then first I can write that whatever the month of November It would have been 30 days If it is, then it means 18 days in the month of Those who survived, you count from the 13th. If you do it, then for 18 days in the month of November escape into Your 31 December 2019 has come and gone. The days of January 2020 have come again. Your 31 The days of February 2020 have come again. Your 29 Day because February 2020 is a leap year. How many days will 29 come in 2020? How many days are there in March 2020? Gone 31 Days and April When you reach April 7th in 2020 c So this completes a total of 147 days If you go to Calci once these days to count the I think it's probably 147. 147 days are getting completed, right? So when you are 7 On April If you reach there, your 147 days will be completed. It's on April 7th, now three days from now. grace of 89 and add 10 so 10th April Which was the correct answer It was April 10th 2020 Okay, I must have given it to you in the days. Your period is counted in days only. How many days do you come to C ok Usama Brother, after that the number Four is one after July 12th Month 14 Perfect Very Good Because Actually the due date is coming on 15th August. If it happens then 15th August will be independence. Day If it is a public holiday then you should inform the court a day before Take ok sir, it is clear story ok so this small question The rest was there, we will see it again and then move ahead Due dates are done Dizzy good leap yer how to remember leap Yer bias is even a child asking So the year 2000 was a leap year. If it was there then you will be four years old. Do you keep taking it or did you teach me that in childhood? Which is divisible by four is leap year So 2000 2004 8 12 16 20 now next November Your coming year is also a leap year. You will get one more day and you will waste time. to Is this how leap years work? Let's see the next arrow Yes, this is also a small point, its name is Types of bills means this is also a point of view His discussion of types of bills Let's do the types of There are three types of bills in this, so you Write A B C, skip three lines speak before Bill at site or Oblique bill On Presentation Bill at Sight or Bill on Presentation Writing the name of another B Bill After Site Bill After the name of the site and third Write Bill After Date has become three meaning perspectives, this is also below One of them is named Bill at The site is called Bill After Site and Bill After If the date is correct then what does it mean? Their bill at site is the first one. This means that this bill But no time period is mentioned. Time Period and no grace dies it If you write it, it is like shoot at site, right? Well this is what happened Bill at If there is a site then put the second arrow in it and We can write that Pebble on The demand here is that the bill be made But do not write any date or time period. If kept then do not write any time period now There is no due date, no grace If there are no days then it means that the day I I will come to your house and give you the money that day. If you have to read it then this is the built site. Practically, this means in our question If not, it's such a bookish thing. Just bill after sight and bill after date Let's discuss both of these in small detail. what are these two So, to discuss both of these, I am Let me discuss a small example with you first. I take it easy, you listen orally Accept this drawer The drawer has drawn a bill Made in the faith and wrote the same story in it that dry you You will pay after three months, this is that. Ok And he sent this to Drai. Now Drai read the bill and Drai Now the funny thing is that When Drai signed or when Drai had this Bill When I reached there, Drai had signed it on 8th May. Because sometimes it takes time to send a letter It may also seem like this, suppose I live in Delhi I, my friend, live in Bombay. If it took two or three days to send the letter I wrote the letter on 5th May but dry He accepted it on 8th May, so now this The issue arises that counting of three months You will do it from 5 months onwards, three months or 8 months If you count three months from now, this is it. Question question, I understood that three months From which date will you start counting in 5 months? Will you start from 1st or from 8th Start If you do yes then bill after site means which Bill after sight means second wala hai So write it first, then you will understand as you write. Bill after sight means that the period Begin after date of Acceptance Period begins after date of acceptance, so the period in this Starting from the date of acceptance And what will be the bill after date? The day I got my period, I got my period. Begin after date of drawing off Bill period begins after date of drawing of Bill Mal Bill as per our example have an after date In which the timing will start from 5th May itself And the bill was made after site in which on 8 May from which the date period should start but our within the query or by default any number of We consider bills to be post-dated bills. If you agree then you may also want to mention that By default, we will accept only the bills with after date. Let's go inside the question, right? He will never tell us that bill after The site is this, this is that, so that bill after date If they are there then this also means that a point of view is formed. Different types of bills Bills can be Then after this the next arrow is also a There is a small point Its name is G Foreign Bills of Exchange Foreign Bills of Brother, you can exchange any bill into foreign currency. When are bills of exchange You will say foreign Bill, yes, I mean, if you could say outside, then small Write down the definition that Bill Drawn in One Country Bill Drawn in One Country and is Pebble in Another Country Bill Drawn in One Country and Is Pebble in Another Country means the bill is made in one country and in another If you pay in I then just convert that bill into Foreign Bill of Write an example of what you might call an exchange. whether you are like that Bill drew in India Bill Drawn In India Pebble Outside India to bill bana India me pay outside Is happening or write another Low Bed Done Outside India Bill became India's Outside and Pebble Inn If this also becomes a foreign bill in India then what will happen? You can say anything about foreign bills which are a country If it is made in India and is available in another country Whether pebbles are made in India or made outside If Pebble is in India then both are good for us. So Foreign Bill of Exchange, so this is a small point. Foreign Bill of X After this, one more star point has to be written so that Those basic conceptual things of ours will be completed Then you write something in it as heading. Important Points Related To Due dates so it means something we due date Related important points are written by There's a chance you might forget something or have some trouble. These things also help If you give me your number One Count In Months If Months Are Given and count in Days If Days Are Given then you already know that If months are given then count in months Do it and if days have been given then in days Counting If you want to do it then it is a simple thing Is seconds Wile Counting Days Exclude the date of You do not pay the bill on the due date. Counting while counting days exclude the Sometimes the date of bill is also wrong. If it goes, let's take an example. Suppose we had a bill on March 29th. made fine and it says Lets to 10 Days she has her period 10 Days so many times children when the month of March In the month of March The Remaining Days Will Count So you can count the remaining days in the month of March. How many? You have to take two, okay, so you will get it in March. How many days do you have to take in a month, just two? Do not count on the 29th, otherwise many times The child thinks 29 is also a day and then 30 too There is one day, then 31 is also a day, so something Kids can make a mess so whenever we daydream If we count, then on 29th, it is 29th March. to not make a day count 30 your first There will be a day, then there will be a 31 second day I understood what the point was saying, then when If we count the days then the bill date If you don't want to take it then we will count on 29th March. I won't do it, this is not a day from 30 Our first day begins It would be good now to have some small things like Write down the example and then show it to me. So there are some small Accept the things, date of bill Is 30 August and Period is forest You can calculate the month and the due date is one Bar that if the date of bill is 30th August and Period is a what month will come It's October, isn't it? It will be correct to add Grace Day on October 3rd. exactly after Now write the correct example. [music] to date off Bill is 31 august And the period is one Now take out the month due The date of the bill is August 31 this time. And the period is one Month Shar Confidant locked Why is October 1st not Grace Days? Adding grace des is always adding No 3 October, so in this and the above example What difference then is there is its m If so, look at Yes, in the above bill when you see the date of 30th August Counting a month later If yes, then what will happen by default? September and after September 30, when you If you add grace then the day will come on 1, 2, 3 October. If the one above goes, it will be a very straightforward example. It was there, but when we had a If we count the month then it is logical September 31st is coming after a month. There is no 31 in September, so when we One month from the last day of any month If we count then for the next month also If we consider it to be the last day, then we will consider it to be 31 September will not be accepted logically, so we It will be considered as 30th September, one more month Then when you add three days of grace In this also the answer has to be taken by 3rd October only. You cannot accept that 31 If you are counting a month after August You will not believe again on September 31st that this It's not October yet, it's not like month end. If moving forward one month from month end only It will increase one month ahead of the month end, right? If you grow then month end only Let's grow another little one Example Date is 31 January Period One month to due The date is of 31st January and the bill is for one month. Period Hey, tell me Sama What happened, your intellect is not working? As for the rest, you are one month ahead from January 31st. If you read it, it will logically become 31st February. I am here but if he is not there then we will Will you accept February by default? Whether the last day is 28 or 29, if it is a leap day then it will be 29. If not, then 28 and then three days Grace then one two more If it is three then will the answer be 3? It is March, so we have to keep in mind that When we're counting down the month If the case is pending from the end of every month If it is there then that will do, write another one. Example Date 28 Fab Period One month to due Date Remove the dew Date 3 April Shar locked If we go, when does a month end after February 28? will be 28 In March, there are 28 in it. So no tension then why did you [music] You don't have to memorize this when there is a one-day exam from 28th Feb If the month goes ahead then March 28 will come There is 28th in March, so there is tension there. Notice in Example Three In Example Three, you are applying for a loan from January 31st. If you are moving forward in the month then it is not 31 Feb. So there you have to take the last day of Feb I understand the point but when you are a If you are moving forward in the month then it is 28th March. The day is available in March, so even 28 There is 29, after that there is 30, there is 31 So in March you don't have to say that on 28th March When it came, you said let's do its last day too. If you have to give, then you have understood the critical thing. That's why I am giving these examples. To cover all these points and one more Do it last again Meaning all these things will end in this write it down No date march Period 30 Days So take out the due Date ch April na April 2 April saare bata Two, someone or the other will go to the sheep in April One Look at April, now you have to count from March 1st. If you want to do it this time then you can do it month If you don't agree then you will be punished on March 30th. Days Ago Count So when you do 30 days ahead of March 1 Count If you do it then how many days are remaining in March? You will count the 30 forests that have gone Otherwise, your 30 days will be over on March 31. It will all be over on March 31st, right? end of the day If it goes, it will be for three days after March 31. Grace Add April 3 and it will become the due date. Your 3 April Yes, if you want to leave it then 1 If I did not get March counted then March How many days are there in total? Total 31 31 There are days in March, one was removed So if you haven't counted how many days have passed? March is a 30-day period. So 30 days will be completed on March 31. There is no grace of the day after that 1 2 3 It's April, so it means something is critical. There are some things which you just need to keep in mind. If you want to find out the dates then these small The examples were based on that, okay, I understood. Story, all this Sir, if it is April 1st then it will be 31st. If March 1st is April then the date of April For example, suppose the date of bill is solved by children. It's April 1st and Do your period, brothers. Sisters, if the date is April 1st and you have your period 30 What day will come this time? date is in four in four right because when you Now count 30 days in April, then April So a month is of total 30 days for one If you can't count, 29 Days in April If May falls one day then name will be 30 When the day is complete then after no, now you will If you want to add three days grace, then two or three variables This time in four It will happen when we count the days So, it means to count the exact days only. There are no ifs and buts in it The goldsmith is the first You don't do this, you do that, Bill The exchange is simple, from whichever date If you want to count your days then count the days ahead. By doing grace period If you had done this, the due date would have been clear. So let's go to a new page now. Let's start by covering some concepts. You can put the heading, the concept is fine, total Maybe you will write eight conceptual things. I may not understand something immediately but today I just wrote it down. Let's take the concept basic okay so we have eight different To discuss a concept, write it first. Number The number one name is discounting off Bill Discounting Off If the bill is okay, what does that mean? Let me explain, we just need some English in this I don't want to write anything to anyone, just us. Understand So let's make a simple story. Let's assume it's a drawer. and this drawer made a bill of Rs. 00 Isn't it the date of April and three months Period Okay, Dry signed it, that is. Accept it If you give it, then tell me what is the due date of the bill Tell me, dude, what's up with Bill? It's July 4th, isn't it, because the bill is due April 1st? There are three months left, so watch July 4th now. What happens sometimes is that after a month Later the drawer needed money and now this The poor guy is feeling sad thinking about it. I need money now, what should I do now? If I pay, when will I get it in July? The drawer then hands over the bill to the bank. Where does he give the hack gives it to the bank The drawer tells the bank to keep this bill. So now this letter reaches the bank. He goes and tells Drai that Drai You have to do one thing when it's the 4th of July. When it comes, you give this money to the bank. Now the drawer from the bank tells me to give Do me one thing, give me the money today. Because I don't have time to stop. I will exchange this bill today until July 4th. If I take money from you, the bank says Okay, take it, but the bank is our relative. Otherwise, banks are operational, banks are I am just writing 9500 to the drawer. will give That's it, by the way how much is the bill, 10000 But how much money would he give to the drawer? There are 9500 letters from the bank, so what is it He always keeps the money with him This is what we call discounting. Charges and this story is called Discounting of bills is just a story. One should know that discounting of bills What then is meant by discounting of bills? It means that we give our bill to the bank. and take money from the bank in return But what does the bank get in return? Charges discounting charges right If yes, then discounting of bill is cleared So what does this mean, you see this small drawing You can make it up just for your own understanding. Very brief on beauty more than quickly Don't focus, just write this word down. three who Write down the discounting charges. If you want and that's what happens to me then this This story is called discounting off. If there is a bill, we will cover it later. Chapter I will also come as a term, so I told this The bill gets discounted If we do this then the bank charges which we Let's say discounting charge Okay, so everyone understood. Story, let's do the second one after that. The story means the basic drawing will remain the same. Now let's change the story a bit The second concept is endorsement of Bill endorsement of Bill Sorry, so what would be in the endorsement of the bill? You could have taken the same story. Now endorsement of bill means this It happens that the drawer is Look, he has a bill of Rs 10,000. The drawer thinks that I have the bill. I'll do this and give this bill to someone else. gives So to whom does he give this bill? Someone else. He gives it to the man and transfers it. So, transfer is called in English. endorse Now I have to pay this bill to this new man. If it reaches then on 4th of July it is dry Who will he pay on July 4th? to this new man So on the 4th of July this new guy gets the money If you have to go then just tell the new person. This art form was named Endorsi. Meaning of endorsement of bill endorsement If you want to give your bill to someone then the money will be given to you. Yes, he will get the endorsement So, now you understand what endorsement means. Suppose I had the bill, I am the drawer. So I thought I don't need any money. Usually, they endorse us from any region. If there is a creditor then we will settle it. You would have given your bill to And then on the 4th of July, Drai endorses If you paid me, I would have told you about this art. All the children understood the endorsement. There is no problem in that Endorsement is just a small thing in this too. You can make a drawing like this Yes, transfer the bill Then there is a third concept, its name is Retirement of Bill The third one is called Retirement of Bill, so what does retirement of Bill mean? It happens See meaning of retirement of bill Well, look when were you going to get the money? We have it on July 4th Na but dry Sometimes it comes only after a month that I Brother, the money has arrived Dena dry after a month, consider it early come to give money If I went there, I would have to pay the money quickly. The terminology given is retirement of By the way, when to pay the dry on July 4th When is the due date? 4th July But the dry one pays quickly He said I came quickly to pay the money but The dry would start Hey Drey says I'll give you money quickly so giving but you can give me 00 in return Please forgive me, what can you do? Please forgive me. I'll give you the money as soon as possible. If someone tells you, brother, you should come today. take the money 9900 so you can also agree, you think Okay, never mind, let's leave it at that, but At least the money is coming two months early So you forgive him, you say. Okay, if you don't give me 00 then I understand. Story: This is called retirement of In the bill, you just mention this You should mention your drawing to 100 people. inside that we call this 00 Rebate The terminology of this 00 is rebate This is called a rebate and retirement of bill means That you should make the payment quickly, that is non-age Retirement Off Bill He will also come forward The concept is now within all eight concepts, that too It will be covered when he does not pay the money, that too in future After this, the name of number four will come Is Bills sent for Collection Bills sent for Collection is this because it is a big term So, in short, we call it are BSF CBSF Bill St for Collection So what about Bill St. for Collection? would mean Is So Bill St for Collection Bus There is a story Simple drawer which is there now feels Look, this is the bill, isn't it a letter now? If I carry the letter in my pocket and go around So the house might get wet in the rain. If he took it, it could be a small child's toy. Understand, tear it and throw it away, keep it under the pillow So it turned out The wife should understand the letter and tear it up and throw it away. Anything can happen to the letter so to the drawer I am afraid that I will not be able to handle the letter. Where do I keep this danger with me? So usually our bank accounts would have If yes, then in that also we have a locker. facility or sometimes locker in the bank If so, what do we do with this letter? Keep it safely hidden in a bank locker giving So now there is no tension Now the child should not tear it in the rain. If it doesn't get wet, there is no risk of theft. When we hide this bill in the bank locker If we had kept it, we could have simply called it a bill. Sent for collection this meaning so in this meaning There's no other story, just saying it. Have bills sent for Collection yes but there is a lot to discuss about it. It is important because children get confused. Many times regarding this and Concept One Because the bank also came into this and in Concept One The bank had also come, so the child thinks, Sir Then what is the difference between one and four? You tell me what the difference is There is one thing that there is one bank in one So they are taking discounting charges and Secondly, there is a huge difference in the forest. that we are giving the letter to the bank in exchange He is bringing money, that is a different story. But here we are going to the bank. But we only keep that in our locker. I am going to keep the letter and some other meaning No, neither the bank is taking the money nor is it taking any action. If he is charging us then it is a simple bus We are going to keep the letter in our locker at the bank. If you are staying then this is called bill send for We will get money after collection. Everything will be normal in me, just the name has been given. Bill sent for Collection, then concept number five, this Would you like to make a little of this with me? Importent Its name is Dishonor of Bill Diss Honor of Bill is what you were saying, right? What happens in Disner of Bill is that now What does dry do? He refuses, if I don't pay him then I will Let's give some names to the characters in this So let's accept that the bill is for SR. drawer of And Sallu is Bill's driver. And the same story But what about the due date? Sallu failed to pay the money on the due date. Refused not to dew Date so what did it do, refuse to pay Money, now if Drai refuses to pay If you have done it then what terminology should we use for it? speaking are dishonored Bill, sir, you were asking that if he what if he refuses This is what you will be asking what were you asking Well, you'll tell me later, okay, so for now. The guy who is there is refusing to pay. He says I don't have money If I give it then what do we call this bill? Disner of Bill so there's some story in it C joins When this bill is dishonored the drawer then returns it to Bill takes him to a government office okay there is a government office this government A government officer was sitting inside the office. stays who has a register in which the names of those people are noted People who default are okay So consider this as your story. register of disgrace in which if someone If his name came out, he would be disgraced in society. He doesn't give anyone money, does he? goes to this government officer of SR He says that you should include Sallu's name in it. Take note because he's a scoundrel. The government officer would note down Sallu's name. That he is a scoundrel and is not paying the money. The government officer who is there is called this Its name is Notary Public. The name of the government officer is notary public and when we insult someone Get someone's name noted in the register So the notary public will charge us for this work. also charges There is something called noting charges. You can also write down, say 50, then just know these terms. to be Need noting If only the charges remain then the case will be in court. which will work I am out of the scope of our course, child So ultimately he says Sir, then what will happen with this? Even if Salu is insulted, what difference does it make? If it is there then it does not matter to us. The case will go to court regardless. There will be recovery as much as possible but the meaning These are some terms we should know. So the bill becomes dishonorable if the dry money Does not give and usually at the time of dishonor There are also some noting charges which notary public does cha cha Okay, so this is called dishonor. The bill is cleared story okay so you were saying something Sir Yes, if he refuses the rebate then it will not happen. Retirement is an agreement between them. yes It has gone, doesn't it mean that we read all that All these things are happening if someone from Magar No scope If it is there brother, then many more if Suppose we are coming along the way the car fell into a ditch Yes, that is their mutual dealing brother. He thinks I am worth the full 10,000. I will give it and he says I am fine, I am completely If I take only 10 then it will be their wish but I need to get it written in concept. Because when the retirement of bill comes then Along with that there will be this rebate, so all this This is everything in every story, meaning stories If it is running on agreement then in some It's not like anything changes Well, then the dishonor happened after that Look, number six is ​​also exactly the same. extension The number six is ​​the name of the concept You can also write renewal of bill if you wish. Make it well, a little bit important So what happens in the renewal of bill? write it Down below the dishonor of old Bill Disner of Old Bill has an old Whatever the bill is, it becomes dishonorable. Is Plus Request Request for new The bill in this is not a dry crook. If he makes a dry request in this Like Drai says sometimes, Brother, my financial condition is bad. I don't have any money, I don't have any bills right now. I can give it to you, he requests, he says Hey please, I've been writing to you like this for two months. Yes, give me some more time, right? He says give me an extension of two months. And you make a new bill after two months. If I give you the money then usually in such a situation Would you like to insult Drai? If you don't get it done then for renewal of bill In the case you will see that noting is usually There are no charges because what is in it Even if the old bill is dishonored, then we We don't let him be insulted because he is from us What requests that I stay for two months I will give you the money later but yes we Not even related to him We will fulfill it, right, because our So there is no relative, so if we If they are giving us two months' time, then we will He says okay, you give me two months' time. You can take it, but we will take it from you in return. What interest will you charge for this term? Make all this up when we do the accounting. Things we do If they come, we will pay interest in the renewal of bill. We will definitely see it, so at least give Drai some time. They give it for two months, okay, but two If you charge interest from him again for the month, then it is It may be a bill of Rs. 00 but when we get a new bill If you make it, it may cost Rs 10,200. We will tell him that we are better than you. If you take it, the story will be absolutely clear to everyone. It is going on, yes sir, isn't it? The main thing is that The story is conceptually clear, next In class, we mean when their accounting If you do this, you will already know the terms. Yes, after that comes concept number seven. name is Insolvency of Dry Insolvency of Drought So this is what you need to know. be a little clearer than If it goes then the meaning of insolvency of dry Will the hard drug become solvent only? You wouldn't have made such a drawing. If yes, then the dry is insolvent. If it happens then it means insolvent There is a man who is able to pay his Date I am not able to pay my dues, I have to pay the bank report. If it goes then there is only one term for us. of work So now what do we do with this 10000? Bad dates right then as soon as I Got the news on phone that dry in solvent ho I will immediately understand what this money is for. It's over because brother, the man If it becomes insolvent, we assume that If we don't get the money for it now, then it's just Woh Phir Hum Badet Man And after this is the last concept number You will also understand this less but you can write it down. Lena Concept Number 1 is Accommodation Bill Accommodation Bill, tell me in the beginning what is in it had written I have told the story of two friends, that's it. I will tell you, you will understand a little less now. Because when we ask questions, you I don't have the figures yet. But I will tell you the story Yes, you listen, don't write. But it is a very interesting story If so, who are these two people in this? Both are friends, so there is mutual understanding in this. I don't buy or sell goods either. If I had friends, I would have been a fictional story. I'm making it, just you listen Let's assume both of them need money. Need He also needs 9000 He also needs 9000 Both are sitting and wondering what to do. I want to place a bet and I need 9000. They don't understand what to do with the money. From where? what did they bring I would have accepted the name of my first friend. Are Ramu became the drawer and said, let me go I become a drawer friend and the other friend's name is Maan She said okay I'm dry bun When I go, they play Racha became Ramu, Drawer became Shamu Now Ramu because he is a drawer, he made a bill in Wrote Shyamu Will Pay 20000 after 5 months late than this is fine Bill made Shamu because Shamu is dry Signed beyond that Shamu so this bill of Exchange done, OK done. Now when the story became a bill of exchange, this As soon as the evening set in, it It arrived immediately Bank because they read Concept One If taken then what is Concept One If you want to get a bill discount then immediately He said, you keep the yellow bank bill. If you take it, the bank will say okay, I will keep the bill. So let's assume the bill is for Rs 20,000. The bank said okay I will give you the money but today I will give only Rs 18000, then both of them said yes. ok give it to me So the bank has reduced its discounting charges by Rs. and how much money was deducted from the bank today They brought 18000 rupees and both of them shared it with each other. The nuns took the money and then played betting, so the story First it became clear that this much bill was made. What kind of bill is this here? Accommodation Bill It is there, isn't it? Now when will there be any betrayal in this, Bittle? I will tell you that it is, I had got that written too. Bell You should also watch the story very carefully. When you play this game, be careful about cheating later. Now they should be working for their money. Now they have got the money they needed. I found them, their story turned out to be correct, but five After five months Months, now the due date will also come, right? The due date will also come after five months. So, on the day of the due date, actually take the Whatever is there is dry, so give him money. If the bank has to pay, Shamu will now be with Ramu. He said, friend, five months have passed today. Let's both of you add 10,000 and then Will give Rs 200 to the bank or will have to do this No, who will deceive them? If Ram gives then what happens on the due date Ramu says who are you? You say I don't know you So what does Ramu do on the due date? He says Brother, I don't know you anymore. This is your letter, this is your signature. The bank will catch you, now give it yourself. So poor Shmu gets stuck so Shmu is alone By doing it from your home somehow and applying 00 We will read this, which has to be given to the bank. All this will be inside the question, however then There will be a story after that, now he is no more. I understood till here but you will tell me the story Yes sir, okay then tell me the rest of the story. Let me tell you now, I understand, okay? So, by this point you have understood that you have been deceived. So Shamu alone had to pay 20000 then Like it happens in Bollywood movies now Revenge will also be taken if there is betrayal. changed later So what does Shamu do now this time? becomes Then this trick and slipping, now this is a new bill It makes it and it costs a little more. It happens, suppose I am writing 000 like this and He coaxes and says, come Ramu, whatever happened was a mistake. It doesn't matter, you are my friend This is it, this time you become dry Go and poor Ramu will also get lured. If it goes then who will sign this bill? If he gives it then they make a new bill. Shamu means to make a new hole to take revenge. And in that new story Shamu again drawer It is possible, isn't it, because he got cheated once What did he achieve by coaxing Chuka and Ramu? gives a draw Now what will happen next, you will know next. I will tell you in the season when you ask questions. Let there be some suspense in your mind too. I want to know what happened, it will remain a suspense but I understood it. If the story is okay then there is just a formula in it. You have to write, write it I just don't mean making a story, I just write a formula. Take We will learn that in the question itself but Write a small formula of this formula The name is Proportionate Discount, just write this and then all our The concept is complete Will go a little bigger formula first if you want See Taking the benefit of first Bill Plus Amount Remitted off second Bill Hole Divided By amount off second Bill After Discount and multiplying the total is into If there is a discount, you don't understand it yet. It will come but write it down, there is a concept when You will understand when you ask questions If it comes, you can just close it. Meaning, it was a complete conceptual discussion. That's the end of the whole chapter. Next. In class we do accounting I will learn the rest when I do it, okay? Let us go