Module 6 Exam Review: Shock and Resuscitation

Introduction

• Instructor: Justin, EMT instructor at Baton Rouge
• Part 1 of 3 video series covering Chapter 15 (Shock and Resuscitation)
• Module covers 6 chapters called Medical Emergencies One
• Exam will include more scenario-based questions

Shock Overview

• Definition: Shock = Hypoperfusion (inadequate tissue perfusion)
• Perfusion: Adequate delivery of oxygen/nutrients and waste removal
• Causes of Shock:
  • Inadequate Volume
  • Inadequate Pump Function
  • Inadequate Vessel Tone

Causes of Shock

• Inadequate Volume

  • Common cause
  • Examples: Dehydration, Trauma, Blood loss
  • Importance of thorough patient history

• Inadequate Pump Function

  • Examples: Heart attack (myocardial infarction), pericardial tamponade, tension pneumothorax

• Inadequate Vessel Tone

  • Massive vasodilation leads to decreased blood pressure
  • Importance of blood pressure in assessing perfusion

Categories of Shock

• Hypovolemic Shock

  • Most common
  • Causes: Hemorrhagic shock, Burns, Dehydration

• Distributive Shock

  • Caused by massive vasodilation
  • Examples: Anaphylactic shock, Septic shock, Neurogenic shock

• Cardiogenic Shock

  • Inability of heart to contract effectively
  • Related to inadequate pump function

• Obstructive Shock

  • Caused by obstruction of blood flow
  • Examples: Pulmonary embolism, Tension pneumothorax, Pericardial tamponade

Body's Response to Shock

• Compensatory Mechanisms

  • Sympathetic nervous system response
  • Release of epinephrine and norepinephrine
  • Direct nerve stimulation: Increase heart rate, Force of contraction, Vasoconstriction

• Compensatory vs. Decompensatory Shock

  • Compensatory: Maintained blood pressure, normal mental status
  • Decompensatory: Blood pressure < 90 systolic, altered mental status

Special Considerations

• Patient history and medications (e.g., beta blockers, calcium channel blockers)
• Age considerations: Elderly vs. Children

Resuscitation and Cardiac Arrest

• Cardiac Arrest Definition: Ventricles not contracting effectively
• Phases of Cardiac Arrest
  • Electrical Phase: First few minutes, important for defibrillation
  • Circulatory Phase: After electrical phase, focus on high-quality CPR
  • Metabolic Phase: After 10 minutes, cells dying, low chance of resuscitation

Defibrillation

• AED Usage

  • Shockable rhythms: V-Fib, V-Tach
  • Non-shockable rhythms: Asystole, PEA
  • Importance of high-quality CPR alongside defibrillation

• AED Considerations

  • Safety: Clear patient before analysis/shock
  • Special cases: Water, metal surfaces, medication patches, excessive chest hair
  • Pacemakers and implanted defibrillators: Avoid placing pads directly on device

Conclusion

• Overview of shock and resuscitation principles
• Importance of understanding different types of shock and proper resuscitation techniques
• Next videos will cover respiratory and cardiac emergencies

Note: Constantly refresh and maintain CPR skills for effective emergency response.