[Music] hey guys it's sarah here in this video i'm gonna be going over pt ptt and inr so let's get started so when there's a blood vessel injury you're going to have a whole inflammatory response and everything else going on but you're also going to have the clotting cascade the cutting cost state is a video in and of itself way too in-depth for just this video but what you just have to know is that a clotting cascade is going to result in a cop a blood clot form everyone thinks blood clots are bad but they're actually good their body's response to making sure that someone doesn't bleed out because the craft forms and the person can't bleed out so when we talk about crowding over here we're talking about preventing the person from bleeding out this is where pt and ptt and inr come in and ptt are blood labs that you send regular blood they take from a vein and what when you send them to the lab what they do is they put a reagent in it and the region is going to check how long it takes the blood to clap in seconds so if it takes a long time for the blood to clot that means the patient could bleed up if it takes really short time for the blood to cut that means the patient's at risk for costs think of stroke dvt pe etc so what's the difference between pt and ptt for nursing school you don't really have to know the numbers so just know that they're both used for the same reason to see how long it takes to blood to crop but they're both evaluating different coagulation factors so some are 8 and 9 some are 11 like they're different coagulation factors but that's only if you have to know the whole coagulation cascade which you don't have to know in nursing school why would someone even get these tested the reason why someone get these tested is because there are certain circumstances when you want to make sure your patient is not at risk for cracks or bleeding out let's just say you have a pre-op patient before surgery you want to measure the client time to make sure that when you open them up they're not going to display it out also if someone has a few miscarriages you want to know maybe is it from class what's causing it like that if someone's on heparin therapy which is a blood thinner you also want to know what their values are are they in range is it too much happen too little heparin etc also just basically any reason that you want to figure out that it's unexplained bleeding or unexplained clotting like too fast cloudy and stuff like that so inr inr stands for international normalized ratio so it's basically the mean it basically ensures that the results from your from your pt test are the same from one lab to another because like old time ago they used to use different reagents they used to have different like lab results and used to go very different so it basically is just the mean to make sure that all the labs on the same standardize mean like that the pt and ptt and inr are all going to tell you how long it takes for your blood to cut if it's taking a long time which is prolonged then that means you're at risk for bleeding out if it's taking a short time that means it's cutting too fast then you're at risk for strokes dvt pe wherever the clot is one more thing is that when you're on heparin or warfarin both anticoagulants means it's in the blood so you want to measure your cotton time also for that so your inr and pt are going to be used to measure warfarin and your ptg is going to be used to measure heparin one tip that helped me remember is remember the number 10 heparin which is seven letters ptt which is three letters equals ten and warfarin which is eight letters and pt which is two letters equal ten so seven plus three so heparin plus ptt is ten and warfarin plus two which is eight plus two is ten i hope that helps you please subscribe like this video and stay tuned for more