Overview
This lecture discusses the Korean script Hangeul, its structure, historical development, controversies, and cultural significance.
Structure of Hangeul
- Hangeul is the Korean script used for communication.
- It consists of 40 letters: 10 vowels, 11 double vowels, 14 basic consonants, and 5 double consonants.
- Vowels are called "moem" and consonants are called "jaem."
Origins and History
- Hangeul was created in 1443 by King Sejong during the Joseon Dynasty.
- Its original name was Hun Min Jongem, meaning "the right sounds for teaching the people."
- Before Hangeul, Koreans used Chinese characters (Hanja), which were difficult and mostly used by nobles.
- Hangeul was introduced to help commoners become literate, often taught through children's songs.
Controversy and Acceptance
- In the 16th century, scholars and nobles protested against Hangeul, preferring Hanja and believing Hangeul was only for women.
- The controversy faded by 1912 when Ju Gong, called the father of modern Korean, gave it the name Hangeul, meaning "great writing."
- Hangeul became the official Korean language after independence in 1945.
Cultural Significance
- Hangeul was recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1997.
- Hangeul Day is celebrated on October 9 in South Korea and January 15 in North Korea.
- A statue of King Sejong stands at Gwanghwamun Square in Seoul to honor his contribution.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Hangeul — The Korean writing system consisting of vowels and consonants.
- Moem — Vowels in the Hangeul alphabet.
- Jaem — Consonants in the Hangeul alphabet.
- Hanja — Chinese characters formerly used in Korean writing.
- Hun Min Jongem — The original name for Hangeul, meaning "the correct sounds for teaching the people."
Action Items / Next Steps
- Watch upcoming weekly updates on South Korean culture for more information.