in this video we're going to focus on memorizing the polyatomic ions now you need to Commit This to Memory because this information will be useful for the remainder of your Chemistry course you needed to write formulas of chemical compounds to balance equations you need to know the charges as well and if you're first learning polyatomic ions you may think it's not important but later on in chemistry you'll see that it is important so you might as well just learn it now the first one we're going to talk about is NO3 minus in addition we're going to talk about NO2 minus and N3 minus do you know the names of these three ions the first two are polyatomic ions because they're ions that are composed of many atoms the third one is a monoatomic ion it's an ion that's composed of one particle one atom the first one is called nitrate the second is known as nitrite so one thing you need to be familiar with is that eight has one more oxygen than I anytime you see eight or I it's a polyatomic ion that contains oxygen the last one is known as nitride if you you see the end in ID typically it's a monoatomic ion not always don't but usually it lacks oxygen for the most part now what about these three s so42 minus s SO3 2us and S2 minus can you guess what the names of these three ions are so the first one is a polyatomic ion and its name is s Ates so if so4 2us is sulfate what is the name of SO3 2us notice that it has one less oxygen so it's going to be called sulfite eight always has one more oxygen than I now the last one doesn't have an oxygen it's a monoatomic ion so this one is called sulfide it has a suffix IDE here's some other examples that you need to know po4 P3 and P all three of these have a three minus charge so what is the name of p43 minus if you had to guess p43 minus is known as phosphates P3 3 3 minus is called phosphite as you can see even in this case 8 still has one more oxygen than I P3 minus is a monoatomic ion it doesn't have oxygen so it's not going to have the end in i or eight it's going to have the end in i so this is going to be called phosphide so hopefully you see this pattern at this point because it's very useful to help you to know the name of an ion be it a monatomic ion or a polyatomic ion now what about these five CL minus CL minus cl2 minus cl3 minus and cl4 minus what are the names of these five ions so the first one is a monoatomic ion so it's going to have the end in ID this is called Chlor now what about the other four they are polyatomic ions they have many atoms I'll give you cl3 cl3 minus is known as chlorine so from this one can you determine the rest well you know I has one less oxygen than eight so cl2 minus must be chlorites but now how do we name something that has one more oxygen than eight what you do is you add a per in front of it so this is going to be called per chlorates per chlorate is cl4 minus and if you have something that's one less oxygen than I it's going to be hypo chloride so you add the prefix hypo in front of it so knowing that go ahead and name these five ions BR minus brus br2 minus B3 minus and this one as well so pause the video and see if you can name all five of these correctly so let's start with the first one the first one is called bromide very similar to Chloride the next one is known as hypo bromite br2 minus is bromite and br3 minus is called bromate BR4 minus per bromate very similar to per chlorine so for the halogens it follows this trend so now that you've worked on the other two lists go ahead and try to name these five so you should be a master at this at this point so what are the names of these five ions the first one is known as iodide very similar to chloride or bromide the next one is called hypo iodite very similar to hypochlorite and this one is just called iodite io3 minus is known as iodate and io4 minus is per iodate so now let's move away from the halogens and now let's talk about something else how would you name these two polyatomic ions co32 minus and hc3 minus co32 minus is known as carbonate H CO3 minus is called hydrogen carbonate because you have have a hydrogen in front of it sometimes this could be referred to as bicarbonate so just keep that in mind if you see bicarbonate it's the same as hydrogen carbonate So based on that example what are the names of these two ions so you know that s so42 minus is called sulfate so if that's the case what is the name of H s so4 minus like hydrogen carbonate this is going to be called hydrogen sulfine or you can call it B sufate so if hso4 minus is hydrogen sulfate then what is the name of hso3 minus this is called hydrogen sulfite because it has one less oxygen I always has one less oxygen than eight you can also call it bite now what about this one P4 3 minus H P4 2us and H2 P4 minus we know that P4 uh 3 minus is called phosphate so what is h po42 minus this is known as hydrogen phosphate now if that's the case what's H2 po4 minus this is known as dihydrogen phosphate di means two in chemistry so dihydrogen indicates that you have two hydrogen atoms attached to a phosphate group every time you add a hydrogen notice that the charge it increases by one because the charge of a hydrogen ion is plus one go ahead and name these three ions so what is the name of p33 minus if p43 minus is phosphate p33 minus is phosphite it has one less oxygen now if we add a hydrogen to it this is going to be called hydrogen phosphite now if we have two hydrogens then it's called dihydrogen phosphite now what are some other names that we need to go over here's another one what is O minus called oh minus is known as hydroxide so commit that to memory what I like to think of is we're adding the hydrogen to oxide O2 minus is oxide so I combine them and think of the word hydroxide now what about the nh4+ ion what is the name for this polyatomic ion nh4+ is known as the ammonium ion now don't confuse that with NH3 which is not an ion NH3 is ammonia so make sure you know the difference now what about these two ions C2 h302 minus which is a common one and also c204 2 minus and don't confuse it with CO3 2 minus you know CO3 is carbonate C2 h302 minus is called acetate and c204 2 minus is known as oxalate now what about these cr42 minus and cr207 2 minus so what are the names of those ions cr42 minus is known as chromate cr207 2 minus is called di chromate there's two chromium atoms in this polyatomic ion now what about mn4 minus this is another common one that you need to commit to memory this is known as permanganate so make sure you know that one too now what about S2 minus S2 2 minus and s23 2 minus what are the names of these ions now we mentioned that S2 minus is known as sulfide we talked about that before it has the end in ide it doesn't have any oxygens attached to it the next one is a polyatomic ion without any oxygens this is known as disulfide because there's two sulfur atoms in this ion s232 minus is a polyatomic ion with oxygen so it's going to have I or eight this one is called tho sulfate if you hear the word tho It's associated with sulfur so it's tho sulfate now what about these two CN minus and S CN minus CN minus is known as cyanide scn minus is called tho cyanate now this one's a polyatomic ion with an ID end in so there are exceptions so watch out for that one now what are the names of o 2 minus O2 2 minus and O2 minus1 so what are the names of these ions O2 minus is known as oxide this is the common form of oxygen as an ion o22 minus is known as peroxide you've seen hydrogen peroxide in your bathroom O2 -1 is known as super oxide so oxygen can be in these different forms now what is the name of this ion N3 minus and let's not confuse it with N3 minus so N3 minus is a monoatomic ion it's composed of one particle with a minus three charge this is known as nitride so to draw the Le structure it's a nitrogen with eight valence electrons it has five of its original valence electrons but it gained three because of the minus three charge so that's nitride this is known as aide aide is composed of three nitrogen atoms it looks like like this the nitrogen in the middle has a positive formal charge and the ones at the end carry a negative formal charge if you add up positive 1 negative 1 and negative 1 you get an overall net negative 1 charge so that's the difference between N3 minus one and N 3 minus so this is as and that's nitr now what about this one b33 minus what is the name of that ion and let's also go over h3o+ bo33 minus is known as borates h3o+ is hydronium so those are some polyatomic ions that you may want to commit to memory and another unusual one that you may see in uh biochemistry or even in biology is p2074 minus this is known as pyrro phosphate now let's go ahead and review some of the polyatomic ions that we went over you can take this as a quiz so I'm going to give you the name and I want you to write the formula of the polyatomic ion so let's start with sulfate what is the polyatomic ion that corresponds to sulfate so suite and sulfide so feel free to pause the video as you figure this out sulfate is s so4 with a minus two charge sulfite s SO3 2 minus and sulfide S2 minus write the formulas of these polyatomic ions chlorite hydroxide cyanide nitrate and acetate so what's the formula for chloride chloride is C2 with a minus one charge hydroxide is O minus cyanide CN minus nitrate NO3 minus acetate C2 h32 minus now what about these phosphite carbonate nitride ammonium and let's say hypo chloride go ahead and name these five ions so what is the formula of phosphite phosphite is P3 with a 3 minus charge what about carbonate carbonate is CO3 2 minus nitride N3 minus and ammonia nh4+ hypochlorite that's clus so here's the next round of questions bisulfate hydrogen carbonate permanganate oxide iodide and let's say tho sulfate go ahead and write the formulas for these ions so what's the formula for B sufate bisulfate contains one hydrogen so it's h so4 minus sulfate is s so42 minus and if you add H+ 1 + -2 will give you a net charge of minus1 hydrogen carbonate so basically you're adding H+ for hydrogen and carbonate combin these two would add up to H3 with a negative one charge permanganate is M4 minus oxide is an oxygen with minus two charge iodide is ius1 dio sulfate is S2 3 2 minus try these aside Dio cyanate oxalate chromate di chromate per oide bromate and phosphide so take a minute and pause the video and see if you remember the formulas that correspond to these names so let's start with aide aide is a polyatomic ion that contains three nitrogen atoms with a net negative one charge now next we have thiocyanate now you know there's a cyanide in it when you hear the word th you think of sulfur so this is s CN minus oxalate oxalate is a two carbon molecule with four oxygen it's c24 with a -2 charge chromate has one chromium atom but when you hear the word eight that means it has some oxygen in it chromate is C4 2 minus D chromate has two chromium atoms dichromate is cr207 with a negative -2 charge as well now what about peroxide if you recall peroxide is a polyatomic ion with two oxygen atoms and a charge of 2 minus bromate is a a polytomic ion with bromine three oxygens and a negative charge and finally we have phosphide which is just a monoatomic ion due to the IDE ending so it's P3 minus so here's some more examples per iodate chlorate bromide iodite hypo bromite super oxide hydrogen phosphite and borate so go ahead and try these problems now what is the polyatomic ion what's the formula for per iodate so when you're dealing with the halogens when you hear the word per think of four oxygen hypo tells you you have one oxygen if it's just I two 83 per with 84 so this is going to be I4 with a minus charge chlorate has three oxygen so it's cl3 minus bromide with the IDE end in doesn't contain oxygen so it's simply BR minus one all of the halogens as you can see they have a the same charge negative 1 iodite is going to have just two oxygen io2 minus hypo with I it's going to have one oxygen so it's BR minus one super oxide contains two oxygens with a minus one charge hydrogen phosphite so we have a hydrogen and the phosphite ion if we put those two together it's simply going to be H po3 and we add the charges plus one and3 adds up to -2 borate it's simply bo3 with A3 recharge so here are some more examples let's try bromite chloride iodate perbromate hypo iodite dihydrogen phosphate hydronium and disulfide so go ahead and work on these examples write the formulas for each of these poly Atomic ions now let's start with bromite if it simply has the it end in and it's a hogen it's going to have two oxygens so this is br2 with negative one charge chloride has the IDE end in so it's a monoatomic ion it's simply CL minus iodate without the per is going to have three oxygen so this is io3 minus per bromate this one does have the per and the eight so it's G to have four oxygen BR4 minus hypo iodite with the prefix hypo and the suffix i it's going to have one oxygen so IO minus dihydrogen phosphate so we're adding two hydrogens and a phosphate so if we add plus1 2 * that's + 2 and add that to minus 3 the net charge will be NE 1 so this is going to be H2 P4 minus1 hydronium is simply h3o plus disulfide has two sulfurs and a negative -2 charge it has the end in ide so it doesn't have any oxygen atoms attached to it now these are the last ones per chlorate by sulfite hydrogen phosphate dihydrogen phosphite and lastly pyro phosphate so let's start with per chlorate per chlorate is going to have four oxygens and a negative one charge by sulfite is H with SO3 now SO3 has a minus two charge H has a plus one charge if you add them you're going to get minus one hydrogen phosphate that's one hydrogen with a po4 ion so 1 + -3 this is going to be -2 dihydrogen phosph phosphite has three oxygens so it's H2 for dihydrogen P3 and then that charge will be negative 1 pyrro phosphate you just got to know it it's p207 with a charge of4 and so that's it for this video so now you know the most common polyatomic ions that you may be tested on