Overview
This lecture introduces key aspects of the Ancient Greek world, setting the foundation for understanding its history, culture, and influence on Western civilization.
Introduction to Ancient Greece
- Ancient Greece was made up of independent city-states, each with its own government and culture.
- Geography played a major role; mountains and seas contributed to political fragmentation.
- The Greeks developed unique approaches to politics, philosophy, and the arts.
City-States and Political Structure
- City-states (polis) like Athens and Sparta were the primary political units.
- Athens is known for developing democracy, a system where citizens could vote and participate in government.
- Sparta was centered on military discipline and oligarchic rule (rule by a few).
Greek Culture and Achievements
- The Greeks valued rational thought and inquiry, leading to the birth of philosophy.
- Major philosophers include Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle.
- Greek achievements include advancements in literature, theater, architecture, and the sciences.
Lasting Legacy
- Greek ideas about government, philosophy, and art heavily influenced later Western civilizations.
- Democracy and scientific methods trace roots back to Greek practices.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Polis — Greek term for a city-state, an independent political unit.
- Democracy — System of government where citizens vote on decisions.
- Oligarchy — Rule by a small group of people.
- Philosophy — The study of fundamental questions about existence, knowledge, and ethics.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Review assigned textbook reading on the emergence of Greek city-states.
- Prepare brief notes on main differences between Athens and Sparta for next class.