philippine history is basis for conflict and controversies chapter 3 readings in philippine history history is the study of the past but the more contemporary definition is centered and how it impacts the present through its consequences gia private law defines history as the attempt to discover on the basis of fragmentary evidence the significant things about the past he also notes the history we read though based on facts is strictly speaking not factual at all but a series of accepted judgments the code of callanchao is a mythical legal code in the epic history of paraktas before it was revealed as a hoax it was a source of pride of the people of paklan in fact a historical marker was installed in the town of patan akulan in 1956 it was only in 1968 that it was probe a hawks when william henry scott then a doctoral candidate at the university of santa tomas defended his research on pre-hispanic sources in philippine history historians utilize facts collected from primary sources of history and then draw their own reading so that their intended audience may understand the historical event a process that in essence makes sense of the past the premise is that not all primary sources are accessible to a general audience and without the proper training in background and an historian interpreting a primary source may do more harm than good a primary source may even cause misunderstandings sometimes even resulting in more problems multi perspectivity defined as a way of looking at historical events personalities developments cultures and societies from different perspectives this means that there is a multitude of ways by which we can view the world and each could be equally valid and at the same time equally partial as well historical writing is by definition bias partial and contains preconceptions interpretations of the past therefore vary according to who reads the primary source when it was read and how it was read as as students of history we must be well equipped to recognize different types of interpretations why this may differ from each other and how it critically saves these interpretations through historical evaluations interpretations of historical events change over time thus it is an important skill for a student of history to track these changes in an attempt to understand the fast is a poem purportedly written by his sarisa when he was eight years old and is probably one of rizal's most prominent works there is no evidence to support the claim that this poem with the now immortalized lines was written by and dwarfs the evidence against results authorship of the poem seems all unassailable there exists no manuscript of the poem handwritten by result and further criticism of the poem reveals more about the wrongful attribution of the poem to result and it was written in tagalog and referred to the word kalayan but it was documented in results letters that keepers encountered through through marcelo h lil pilar's translation of brazil's essay el amor patrio where it was spelled as kalyan while rizal's native town was tagalog he was educated in spanish starting from his mother to the alonso later on he would express disappointment in his difficulty in expressing himself in his native thought this important therefore the subject evaluation not only is the primary source but also the historical interpretation of the same to ensure that the current interpretation is reliable to support our acceptance events of the past case is study one where did the first catholic mass take place in the philippines the popularity of knowing where the first happened in history has been easy way to realize history but this case study will not focus on the significance of the site of the first catholic in the philippines bhutan has long been believed as the site of the first mass the first culminating in the erection of monument near agusan river which commemorates the expedition arrival and celebration of mass on april 8 15 21 the bhutan claim has been based on a rather elementary reading of primary source from the event [Music] toward the end of 19 and to the start of 28th century together with increasing scholarship on the philippine history a more non-reading of the available evidence was made two primary sources are francisco albo a pilot of one of machela's ship trinidad one of the 80 survivors who returned with sebastian elcano on the ship of victoria and number two is antonio pigafita primo biagio interno al mundo he was a member of the magellan expedition and an eyewitness of the event primary source albus log on the 16th of march 1521 as they sailed in a westerly course from la drones de solan towards the northwest but owing to many shallow places they did not approach it they found it later that its name was yunaga they number two they went instead that same day southward so another small island named suluan and there and there they encouraged there they saw some kanos but this failed participled at the spaniards three departing from those two islands they sailed westward on an an inhabited island of gada where they took any supply of wood and water 4. from that island they sailed westwards towards a large island named silani that was inhabited and was known to have gold five sailing southwards along the coast of that large island of silane they turned southwest to a small island called mazaya six the the people of that island of mazaba were very good seven from azaba they sealed north northwest towards selani eight from there they sailed westward some ten leagues and there they saw three islands where they dropped anchored for the night nine they sailed down the chan the channel then turned westward and anchored at the town of la billia at number 10 the town of subu was on a east-west direction with the island of suluan and masaba primary source pegafeta and seventies masawa source emma blair and james alexander roberts on the philippine island walls 33 and 34 as seated in miguel air bernard boutuan or les misawa the site of the first mass in the philippines pilipinas nanagana is [Music] according to paga feta the first sight mass was on the island of mazawa easter sunday 31st of march 1521 naganapang is foreign you primary source figure feathers testimony on the root of magellan's expedition the first voyage around the world by antonio figafeta was written on board one of the five ships that was first to circumnavigate the world during an expedition that was led by the portuguese explorer ferdinand magellan and after his death during the voyage by one sebastian elcano the expedition started in 1519 and ended in spain in 1522. in the year 1521 march 16 magellan's crew landed on the highland named samal on the following day march 17 they landed on the island named homonhon on that same day magellan named the entire archipelago the island of saint lazarus because it was a sunday in the lenten season when the gospel assigned for the mass and the liturgical office was the 11th chapter of saint chan which tells of the rising of saint lazarus from the dead on the next day march 18 the exchange of kiev occurred between magellan and nine men an exchange of gift was affected magellan asked for food supplies and the men went away promising to bring rice and the other supplies in four days magellan renamed the island of human hon the watering place of good omen magellan's expedition lasted eight days in homonhon from march 17 to 25. in the afternoon of march 25 the expedition left the island of human hon it is also the feast of annunciation on thursday magellan fell into the water but was rescued from the day they left homonhon march 25 they sailed westward towards leyte then southward passing the island of hibusan and hiwangan bay the westward of masawa island then march 28th holy thursday until april 4 wednesday on the following week they remain in the island for seven days april 4 they left mazawa and bound to get ighan cebu they sailed westward to hamatis group island from there the spanish waited the masawa king after that they sailed towards cebu april 7th they reached cebu stated by figafatta's evidences march 28 holy thursday magellan stayed at mazawa island saying that it is holy thursday and they stayed there for 7 days there is a big possibility that they had a mass on easter sunday march 31 15 21 in this case it started we zoomed into the events of the cavity mutiny a major factor in the awakening of nationalism among the filipinos of that time the documentation of spanish historian jose monteiro evident centered on how the event was an attempt in overthrowing the spanish government [Music] the year 1872 it is a historic year of two events the habit ima in the merch room of pre of the print these events are very important smiles shown in the philippine history in hobgos where the significance is what made this year control controversial are the different sides of the story in in this case the study resumed into the evidence of islam 1872 [Music] [Music] foreign [Music] is of the government and not paying problems for data for corrupt and agents usually they encourage the rebellion by protesting what they call the injustice of having workers in the habitat seniors 1872 the district of san paulo celebrated the peace of the virgin of florida and come with it first time firework displayed the caputinus allegedly planned to liquidate tyranny spanish officials then killed the parish by 200 men contingently by surgeon la madrid attack of spanish officers at site and sized the arsenal's squadron processed in capital the revolt and revolution was easily crossed when the moneyline is you are expected to eat the habitinius did not arrive leaders of the flatwork kill in the resulting skirmishes [Music] spanish it was due to these facts of promises that the filipinos had great hopes of an improvement in the affairs of their country while the friars on the other hand feared that their power in the colony would soon be a complete a thing of the fast pass my excerpts from pardo di taberas account of the gravity mutiny after surprising there has been the intention of cessation [Music] first changes entire plates at customs and the methods of collections exportation piece for his formation for foreigners to reside in the philippines by a real estate enjoy freedom of worship and operate commercial transports flying establishment of an advisory council to inform the ministers of overseas affairs in madrid on the necessary reform to be implemented [Music] 7 is establishment of an institute of civil administration in the philippines running unnecessary the send home of short-term civil officials every time there is a change of ministry next is study of direct tax systems tobacco primary source except for plastic account of takaviti mutiny source edmund platchute the habit mutiny of 1872 and the martyrdom of combusa in gregoria cider and sonia said a documentary source of the philippine history volume 7 manila national bookstore 1990 general latorre created a junta compose of high officials including some friars and six spanish officials at the same time there was created by the government in madrid ahmedi to investigate the same problems submitted to the manila committee when the two finished work it was found that they came to the same conclusions including among spanish priors and mangano is anim espanol at the same time there was created by the government in madrid a committee to investigate the same problem submitted to manila committee when the two finished work it was found that they came same came to the same conclusion foreign primary source eyewitness account of the last hours of result most illustrations sir the agent of the corp court stationed in fort santiago to report on the events during the day in prison of the accused jose rizal informs me on this day of the following at 7 50 yesterday morning jose rizal entered death row accompanied by his council senior tabian de andrade and his sweet chris bella clara at the urgings of the firmer and moments after entering he was served a light breakfast at approximately nine the assistant of the plaza senior maui asked result if he wanted anything he replied that the moment he only wanted a prayer book which was brought to him shortly by father march senior andhradi left death throat at 10 and results spoke for a long while with the historic fathers march and bill clara regarding religious matters it seems the the retraction of waziris of result remains on this day controversies many scholars however agree that the document does not tarnish and heroism of result hen henry [Music] momentous events of the spanish colonies in the late 19th century including the philippines journalists of the time required to the place he'll greet the rebellion or cry of the rebellion this revolutionary events identifying the place where it happened in the philippines this happened in august 1896 third east of manila already declared rebellion against the spanish government is [Music] is the controversy regarding this weapon stems from the identifications of date and place where the cry happened prominent filipino historian eudora emphasized the event when bonifacio told us all tax receipts before the [Music] [Music] [Music] foreign that the sign of slavery of the philippines were the central attacks charges citizen if it's true that you are ready to report i want to see you destroy your shadows it will be a sign that all of us declared our surveillance from the spaniards revolt [Music] [Music] foreign my part which is those serious retraction was all about his relation to the catholic faith and other issues to link it such as his marriage josephine brahan we all know what jose russell has done in our country jose is identified as a hero of the revolution for our country to get free from colonialism because of his right things to destroy the idea of colonialism and free our minds to build country on december 30 1886 he became a hero no limit in philippines and lastly that is that question they believe that's blind as particularly the friars wishes as god prophet however just are before assassination results signs statement is stating that he was a catalytic and that he renouncing on his anti-church writing according to some result because became even greater in recognizing his heir against the faith but for many it's incredible that at la the last moment of his life he will reclaim his writing the cause of his own heroes here's them he also seemed to have drawn away his heroism thank you [Music] pio valenzuela the first place of refuge of anders bonifacio emilia cinto arriving there on august 19 and i on august 20 1896. the first place some 500 members of the katipunan meet on august 22 1896 was the house and yard of apollonia samsung at hong kong aside from the persons brazilian panthers alejandro santiago ramon bernardo apollonia samson and others it was at pogadlovin the house of juan ramos son of milchor aquino where one thousand members of dakatipunan meet and carried on august 23 1896 the discussion was on revolution against the spanish government should be started on august 29 1896. from the eyewitness primary and secondary sources places have been identified while the dates vary 23 or 26 august 1896 valenzuela's account should be read he once told the spanish investigator that the happened in balintawak on wednesday august 28 1896 rath wrote in his memories of the revolution that it happened at ogerlowin on august 23 1896 such inconsistencies in accounts should always seem as red flag in dealing with primary resources according to guerrero incarnation and villages all places in berlin tawa part of kala open now in gazan city university troops may have been moving from one place to another to avoid located by the spanish government success [Music] [Music] [Music] revolution [Music]