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US Government Branches Overview

Aug 31, 2025

Overview

This lesson explains how laws are made in the United States and describes the roles of the three branches of government.

The Three Branches of Government

  • The United States government has three branches: legislative, executive, and judicial.
  • Each branch has a special responsibility in the law-making process.

Legislative Branch

  • The legislative branch makes the laws.
  • The United States Congress runs the legislative branch.
  • Congress members introduce bills, which are ideas for new laws.

Executive Branch

  • The executive branch enforces laws to make sure people follow them.
  • The President of the United States leads the executive branch.
  • The President can approve (sign) or veto (reject) bills.
  • A bill becomes a law when the President signs it.

Judicial Branch

  • The judicial branch is made up of courts and judges.
  • The United States Supreme Court is the highest court in the judicial branch.
  • Judicial branch members review laws to make sure they are fair.

Q&A Review

  • The legislative branch (Congress) is responsible for making laws.
  • The executive branch is led by the President and enforces laws.
  • The judicial branch (court judges) reviews laws for fairness.

Key Terms & Definitions

  • Legislative Branch — The part of government (Congress) that makes laws.
  • Executive Branch — The part of government led by the President that enforces laws.
  • Judicial Branch — The part of government made up of courts and judges that reviews laws.
  • Bill — An idea for a new law.
  • Veto — When the President rejects a proposed law.

Action Items / Next Steps

  • Review the roles and responsibilities of each government branch.
  • Quiz yourself on which branch does what in the law-making process.