okay we've talked about the causes of migration from 1750 to 1900 so now as is proper let's talk about the effects and my goodness they're spicy so if you're ready to get them brain cows milked let's get to it okay so the first major effect of this period of massive migration occurred in the home societies of many of these migrants namely an increasing gender imbalance you see since the majority of migrants during this period were men seeking jobs in urban centers or cash cropping operations the result was that there were far more women than men in their Home Society and that reality led to the necessity of women taking on roles that were traditionally reserved for men for example in areas where subsistance farming was the norm men traditionally broke the ground for planting in tended the livestock but now with all those men gone it was women who took up those traditionally masculine and physical duties additionally family structures in those places began to change as well for example in South Africa where men were absent in larger numbers than they were in many other places about 60% of the households were now led by women and women in some places in Africa were able to sell excess food like cassava on the market and were thus able to gain Financial Independence as well in fact just for poops and Giggles I should also tell you that as women gain more and more Independence in this region a popular saying gained wide purchase among women they said what is man I have my own money that's that's spicy okay now a second major effect of migration in this period was the increasing creation and presence of ethnic enclaves throughout the world now if you'll remember from earlier in the course an ethnic Enclave is a geographic area with a high concentration of people of the same ethnicity and culture within a foreign culture and because migrants tended to move to cities nearly every major urban area in the western hemisphere had a growing and diverse immigrant populations that lived together in these enclaves which themselves had two significant effects first ethnic enclaves provided a small Outpost of the migrants culture and the receiving Society where they spoke their native language and practiced their religion and ate ethnically distinct foods from home in that way these were places of familiarity in the midst of very unfamiliar surroundings for example Indians who migrated to maius and Nal were both Hindu and Muslim and they practice these religions together in their ethnic Enclave but second the presence of these communities also contributed to cultural diffusion of of their home cultures into the receiving Society for example Irish enclaves were present in cities in the eastern United States and traditionally the US considered itself Protestant but the growing numbers of Irish encouraged the unprecedented growth of Catholicism in the US we can talk about the Chinese migrants to Southeast Asia who clustered together an ethnic enclaves and over time became key players in the Colonial economy and I know that sounds like it was all puppies and rainbows for these migrants but now let's shatter that image and talk about the third effect of migration namely nativism Now by definition nativism is a policy of protecting the interests of native born people over against the interests of immigrants so despite the fact that immigrants often filled low-wage jobs that people in the receiving Society didn't want and in that way they contributed significantly to the economies of those places they were often met with a kind of nativist resistance and ultimately nativism is rooted in ethnic and racial Prejudice or you know like a fear of cultural difference for example the Irish in the United States were deemed a lower race and thus marginalized in many of the cities in which they lived and work like in Europe most of these Irish people would be considered white because you know according to racial categories that's what they were but not in the the United States baby no they were not white they were Irish and that justified their political and social marginalization for a long time and then in response to those nativist reaction some governments actually passed policies to restrict immigration to their states and I'm going to give you two examples first was the Chinese Exclusion Act passed in the United States as I mentioned in the last video Chinese immigrants were vital in the construction of railroads that connected the vast territory of the US even so native born Americans began to resent the growing number of Chinese people which led to several anti-chinese riots in the 1870s and 1880s in which Chinese immigrants were brutalized and lynched and so as a result Congress passed the Chinese Exclusion Act which banned almost all Chinese immigration to the United States and the second example comes from the British government and it was known as the white Australia policy and you know it's exactly what it sounds like so Australia also received large numbers of Chinese immigrants in the 19th century and there was a similar nativist backlash there so the British government was concerned to keep Australia British which is to say white and so they introduced the white Australia policy which almost completely cut off the flow of Asian immigrants to Australia okay it's the end of the unit so click here to grab my AP World hler review guide which is the fastest way to study for all your class exams and for your exam in May or you can click here to keep reviewing other topics in unit 6 I appreciate you coming around and I'll catch on the flipflop I'm lout