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Understanding Themes in Storytelling

Sep 10, 2025

Overview

This lecture explains the concept of "theme" in writing and film, how to identify it, and its role in storytelling.

What Is a Theme?

  • A theme is the central idea, meaning, life lesson, or moral of a story.
  • Themes are universal concepts, not specific to characters or plot details.
  • A theme reflects the writer or filmmaker's message to the audience.
  • Works can have multiple themes, some obvious and some subtle.

Distinguishing Themes from Subjects

  • Themes are not one-word topics like "love" or "friendship"; those are subjects.
  • A theme is an observation, opinion, or idea about a subject.
  • Example: Subject is "revenge"; theme is "revenge destroys everyone, including the seeker."

How to Identify a Theme

  • Examine the protagonist's journey: how does the main character change and what do they learn?
  • Substitute the protagonist with humanity as a whole to frame the theme.
  • Analyze the central conflict and determine which abstract forces are at play and their outcome.
  • Sometimes, a character explicitly states the theme in dialogue near the climax.

Characteristics of Good Themes

  • Good themes are specific and insightful, not vague or overly obvious.
  • Avoid themes like "family is awesome" or "love conquers all" for being too general.

Subjectivity of Themes

  • Different viewers/readers can interpret different themes from the same work.
  • Conflicting themes or unintended themes may be found by audiences.
  • Your interpretation of a theme is valid for you, influenced by your own experiences.

Writing and Discovering Themes

  • Writers often revisit the same themes unconsciously because they resonate personally.
  • Forcing a theme is not recommended; often, themes naturally arise during writing.
  • Some writers plan a loose theme; others discover it during the process.

Key Terms & Definitions

  • Theme — The central, universal idea or message in a story, not tied to specific characters or plot details.
  • Subject — The general topic or concept a work covers (e.g., love, revenge).
  • Protagonist — The main character whose journey often reveals the story’s theme.

Action Items / Next Steps

  • Practice identifying themes in movies or stories by analyzing the protagonist’s journey and central conflict.
  • Reflect on themes that repeatedly appear in your own writing.
  • Optional: Participate in a discussion or write about whether you plan your themes or let them surface naturally.