The Harlem Hell Fighters was a regiment of New York National Guardsmen during World War I.
Despite being set up to fail by their own government, they returned as one of the most decorated units in the US Army.
They are significant in US history for demonstrating the capabilities of Black soldiers.
Challenges Faced
African Americans faced significant prejudice preventing them from military service.
Many African American units were relegated to labor duties such as unloading ships and building latrines.
Initially, the Harlem Hell Fighters were assigned to the French Army, an unusual move since American forces were generally kept under American command.
Key Figures and Events
Henry Johnson:
A notable hero from the regiment.
Defended against a German raid in no man's land with Pvt. NM Roberts.
Used his rifle as a club and a knife when out of ammunition.
Wounded in battle but successfully repelled the attack.
Recognized by the French with the Croix de Guerre.
Took 75 years for the US to award him the Legion of Merit.
Post-War Recognition and Challenges
Despite their heroism, the US government sent memos to the French to maintain racial inequalities.
Johnson was not awarded the Purple Heart or proper recognition in the US.
He died in 1929, economically disadvantaged, highlighting the lack of support for Black veterans.
Legacy and Importance
The Hell Fighters fought for more than just military victory; they fought for citizenship and equality at home.
Their story is a crucial part of American history that challenges the narrative of democracy and equality.
The Harlem Hell Fighters symbolize the fight for democracy and civil rights.
Conclusion
The story of the Harlem Hell Fighters is not just about their military accomplishments but also their struggle for recognition and equality.
Their service was about proving their right to American citizenship and the broader struggle for civil rights.