Lecture on Pancreatic Enzymes and Digestion

Carbohydrate Digestion

Pancreatic Amylase
- Breaks down long chains of glucose into smaller chains.
- Converts glucose chains into maltose, which is further broken down by maltase.
- Maltase is a brush border enzyme.

Pancreatic Lipase
- Breaks down lipids; third occurrence of lipase in the body.

Inactive Enzymes from Pancreas
- Trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen, procarboxypeptidase, pro-elastase.
- Remain inactive to prevent autodigestion and pancreatitis.
- Trypsin inhibitor in the pancreas prevents accidental activation.
Activation Process
- Enterokinase in the brush border converts trypsinogen to trypsin.
- Trypsin activates other enzymes:
  - Converts chymotrypsinogen to chymotrypsin.
  - Converts procarboxypeptidase to carboxypeptidase.
  - Converts pro-elastase to elastase.
Protein Enzymes
- Aminopeptidase and Dipeptidase
  - Aminopeptidase removes amino acids from the amino side.
  - Carboxypeptidase removes amino acids from the carboxyl side.
  - Dipeptidase works when only two amino acids are left.

Pancreatic Enzymes
- DNase and RNase break down DNA and RNA into nucleotides.

Bile Function
- Emulsifies fats, breaking large fat globules into smaller droplets.
- Lipases can then break triglycerides into monoglycerides and fatty acids.
Micelle and Chylomicron Formation
- Bile forms micelles around fats, allowing absorption.
- Absorptive cell reassembles fats into triglycerides.
- Coated with proteins in the rough ER and Golgi to form chylomicrons.
- Chylomicrons enter lymphatic capillaries.