AP Human Geography – Unit 4 Review

Concepts of State and Nation

• State: Geographic area with:
  • Permanent population
  • Defined borders
  • Sovereign government
  • Recognition by other states
• Sovereignty: Ultimate authority in decision-making and maintenance of order.
  • Control over domestic and international affairs.
• Nation: Group of people with shared culture, history, homeland, and self-governance aspirations.

Key Differences

• State: Government and land.
• Nation: People with shared culture and history.

Self-Determination

• Right or desire of a nation/ethnic group to govern themselves.
• Often involves control over territory to preserve cultural characteristics and history.

Types of States

• Nation-State:
  • Sovereign state with homogeneous population.
  • Shared language, culture, history.
  • Examples: Iceland, Japan.
• Multinational State:
  • Contains multiple nations/ethnic groups.
  • Culturally distinct groups coexisting.
  • Examples: Soviet Union, Russia, USA.
• Multi-State Nation:
  • Nation stretches across multiple states.
  • Examples: Koreans in North & South Korea, Kurds across several countries.
• Stateless Nation:
  • Nation with self-determination history but lacks a recognized state.
  • Examples: Kurds, Basque, Flemish, Catalonians, Palestinians.

Autonomous and Semi-Autonomous Regions

• Autonomous Regions:
  • Located within a state with high degree of self-governance.
  • Limited national government input.
  • Example: Native American reservations in the US.
• Semi-Autonomous Regions:
  • Moderate self-government.
  • National government can intervene as needed.
  • Example: Hong Kong in China.

City-State

• City-State:
  • Sovereign state with control over surrounding countryside.
  • Historical and modern existence, example: Vatican City.

Conclusion

• Practice questions provided for review.
• Encouragement to use additional resources for exam preparation.

Consider subscribing to Mr. Sin for more educational content and resources to help with AP Human Geography.