the female reproductive system includes the ovaries ucts uterus cervix vagina and the external genitalia located in the pelvic region along with a pair of mamory glands it supports the process of ovulation fertilization pregnancy child birth and Child Care let us study each organ in detail the female reproductive system includes a pair of ovaries located one on each side of the lower abdomen they are the primary sex organs as they produce the ovam or the female gamit each ovary is about 2 to 4 cm in length they are connected to the pelvic wall and the uterus by ligaments called mesovarium each ovary is covered by an outer thin layer called the germinal epithelium the germinal epithelium encloses the ovarian stroma which is further divided into the outer cortex and the inner medula the cortex consists of many ovarian follicles in different stages of development the ovarian follicle is the basic unit of the female reproductive system and is composed of roughly spherical aggregations of cells found in the ovary the accessory ducts of the female reproductive system are the vagina oviducts and the uterus the pair of oviducts or fallopian tubes is about 10 to 12 cm long and extends from the periphery of each ovary to the uterus each oviduct is differentiated into three parts namely the infundibulum ampula and ismus the infundibulum is a dilated funnel close to the ovy and its edges are surrounded by finger-like projections called the fimer they help collect and push the ovam into the oviduct after ovulation the ampula is the swollen and curved part behind the infundibulum the fertilization of the ovam takes place in this [Music] part the isus is a narrow and straight cavity and it joins the uterus the uterus is a hollow pear-shaped muscular organ and is highly distensible it is situated in the pelvic cavity between the urinary bladder and the rectum it is also known as the womb it is supported by ligaments attached to the pelvic wall known as mesometrium the uterus opens into the vagina through a narrow cervic the cavity of the cervix is called the cervical Canal which along with the vagina forms the birth canal the wall of the uterus is composed of three layers of tissues the outer thin membranous layer is called the perimetrium the middle thick layer of smooth muscle is called the myometrium and it helps during delivery by producing strong contraction motions the inner glandular layer is called the endometrium and it undergoes cyclical changes during the menstrual cycle the vagina is a muscular tube starting from the lower end of the uterus up to the outside the opening of the vagina in young females is partially covered by a thin membrane called the hyon the Hyman is frequently ruptured in childhood due to strenuous physical exercise the female external genitalia includes the mons pubis Leia Majora lebia minora and the clitorus the lebia Majora consists of fleshy folds of tissues that extends down from the mon pubis and surrounds the vaginal opening hidden under the labia majora is the labia minora towards its upper end lies the clitorus a small finger-like structure and below it is the urethal opening the female reproductive system is supported by the mamory glands the mamory glands or breasts are modified sweat glands that lie over the pectoral muscles they contain glandular tissues and a variable amount of fat internally each breast is divided into 15 to 20 memory lobes containing clusters of cells called the [Music] alvioli the alvioli open into the mamory tubules the tubules of each lobe join to form the mamory duct several ducts join to form a wider ampul which is connected to the lactiferous [Music] duct the lactiferous duct opens out through the nipple from which milk is sucked out [Music] [Applause] [Music] oh [Music]