Get Psyched AP Psychology Ultimate Exam Cramathon 2024

Introduction

• Host: Tim Steedman
• Purpose: Final review for AP Psychology exam
• Note: Video is a review, not a full course substitute

Science Practices and Psychological Perspectives

• Doug's Study: "Sweet Beats for Cognitive Feats"
  • Tested music's effect on studying
  • Used modern psychological perspectives:
    • Behavioral: Conditioning with music
    • Cognitive: Music helps processing
    • Psychodynamic: Music linked to childhood
    • Humanistic: Music for self-potential
    • Biological: Dopamine and brain activity
    • Evolutionary: Response to rhythm
    • Sociocultural: Influence of societal norms
• Cognitive Biases:
  • Confirmation bias, hindsight bias, overconfidence bias

Research Design

• Types of Studies:
  • Naturalistic observation, case study, meta-analysis, correlational study
• Experiment Design:
  • Independent variable: Music
  • Dependent variable: Quiz performance
  • Sampling issues: Convenience sampling
  • Experiment groups: Experimental, control, placebo

Interpreting Data

• Statistics:
  • Central tendency: Mean, median, mode
  • Variation: Range, standard deviation
  • Graphs: Normal curve, skewed distributions
  • Correlation coefficient
• Significance:
  • Effect size
  • Statistical significance not based on feeling

Psychological Science Practices

• Science Practice 4: Argumentation
  • Making claims backed by psychological concepts
  • Use terms, theories, evidence

Unit 1: Biological Basis of Behavior

• Nature vs. Nurture
  • Genes (nature) and environment (nurture)
• Nervous System:
  • CNS: Brain and spinal cord
  • PNS: Sematic and autonomic systems
• Neurons:
  • Types: Sensory, motor, interneurons
  • Firing process: Resting potential, action potential
• Endocrine System:
  • Hormones: Adrenaline, leptin, etc.

Psychoactive Drugs and Addiction

• Categories: Stimulants, depressants, hallucinogens, opioids
• Addiction Terms: Tolerance, withdrawal

Brain Structure and Function

• Layers: Brainstem, lyic system, cerebral cortex
• Language: Broca's and Wernicke's areas
• Brain Plasticity: Structural and functional

Sleep and Consciousness

• Sleep Stages: NRM, REM
• Sleep Disorders: Insomnia, sleep apnea, narcolepsy

Sensation and Perception

• Vision: Light processing, color theories
• Hearing: Sound processing, pitch theories
• Touch: Receptors, pain theories
• Perception: Gestalt principles, attention

Cognition

• Thinking: Concepts, prototypes, schemas
• Memory: Models, encoding, storage
• Forgetting: Interference, amnesia

Intelligence

• Theories: Spearman's G factor, Sternberg's triarchic theory
• Testing: IQ, validity, reliability

Developmental Psychology

• Stability vs. Change
• Piaget's Stages: Sensory motor, pre-operational, concrete operational, formal operational
• Vygotsky’s Social Learning

Language Development and Social/Emotional Development

• Language: Phonms, morphems, grammar
• Attachment and Parenting Styles

Learning

• Classical Conditioning: Pavlov
• Operant Conditioning: Reinforcement, punishment
• Social Learning: Observation, modeling

Social Psychology

• Attribution Theory: Dispositional vs. situational
• Social Influence: Norms, conformity, obedience

Personality

• Freud's Psychonamic Theory
• Trait Theories: Big Five
• Humanistic Theory: Self-actualization

Motivation and Emotion

• Theories: Drive reduction, arousal
• Emotions: Basic emotions, expression

Health Psychology

• Stress: Types, general adaptation syndrome
• Coping Strategies: Problem-focused, emotion-focused

Positive Psychology

• Subjective Well-being
• Post-traumatic Growth

Psychological Disorders

• Criteria: Dysfunction, distress, deviation
• Categories: Neurodevelopmental, schizophrenia, mood disorders, anxiety

Therapy

• Types: Psychonamic, cognitive, behavioral, humanistic
• Medications: Anti-depressants, anti-anxiety

This summary covers the high-level points discussed in the lecture, which includes various psychological concepts, theories, and applications relevant for the AP Psychology exam.