do you think your early relationships with your own parents have prepared you for a relationship success in the future doomed you to be forever alone or set you up to repeat a NeverEnding cycle of unfulfilling friendships and romances we can investigate if early attachment influences childhood and adult Relationships by simply comparing attachment Styles in infancy to that child's later childhood and attachment relationships and seeing your pattern forms if it's true it's a little terrifying that someone could be stuck with poor relationships their entire lives just because of a bad first few years and even worse pass this relationship style down to their own children resulting in generation after generation living unfulfilled lives the psych boost flashcard app has a new feature test yourself with over 1,500 multiple choice questions including every topic on a level of gcsc psychology try paper one for free right now and Patron supporters can watch psych boost videos ad free learn from over 17 hours of exclusive exam tutorial videos and access hundreds of digital and printable resour including my Maps quiz sheets worksheets teaching slides and more the influence of early attachment on childhood and adult relationships we've discussed the concept of an internal working model before in this attachment unit we now need to consider how an internal working model influences later relationships so as a reminder according to Balby and infant develops schema about how relationships work based on their experience with their primary caregiver their mother this schema is the internal working model and it includes expectations about whether the other person in the relationship can be trusted or if relationships are affectionate and loving the continuity hypothesis argues that infant's future childhood and adult relationships will follow a pattern based on their internal working model this relationship P includes friends at school romantic Partners in adulthood and even their parenting relationships with their children potentially passing on a dysfunctional alnal working model to the Next Generation the researchers haard and shaver think ainsworth's classification of mother infant attachment styles of secure insecure avoidant and insecure resistant can be applied to later attachment with those infants who had a secure relationship in infancy going on to have the social abilities needed to develop secure adult and childhood relationships but this means insecure infants will struggle to have effective later relationship ship another aspect of early attachment we can consider is bal's maternal deprivation Theory Balby argued that children whose care is disrupted in the critical period develop serious social emotional and intellectual difficulties these issues will then limit the children's ability to have positive relationships in the future evaluations hasard and shaver carried out the most important research in this area the researchers published a love quiz and newspapers and received 600 20 responses the quiz included questions on the participants current relationship and their relationship with their mothers and infancy the questions on existing relationships classified participants are secure if they look for a balance between closeness and Independence avoidant if they avoided intimacy and anxious if they couldn't cope with autonomy the researchers found that 56% of participants are secure 25% were avoidant and 19% were anxious these are similar percentages to those found in the strange situation also there was a correlation between adult attachment style and recalled infant attachment type more detailed results support the idea of an internal working model of relationships with securely attached adults believing love was long lasting they also reported more happiness and less loneliness than insecure adults we can criticize Hazard and shaver but depending on the accurate recall of childhood attachment time McCarthy used 40 women who had had their attachment style assess his infants in early strain situation studies McCarthy found the infants assessors secure infancy grew into women with long- lasting and secure adult relationships including friendships and romantic relationships the insecure avoidant infants grew into adults with poor romantic relationships and the anxious infants had poor friendships and both insecure groups were more likely to live with a deviant partner so McCarthy's results also suggest that the early attachment style of an is linked to the adult attachment style this video is about how early attachment can influence childhood and adult relationships so far I've only given you research on adult relationships Mari and Wilson's study assessed 196 9-year-old children their relationship with their parents was assessed and the children were classified as showing bullying or victimhood behavior Mar and Wilson found parenting styles that scored low in Parental warmth and high in neglect were linked to children who are assessed as bullies while the children assess as victims in school had parents who focused on punishments This research to deser Parenting style can influence their child's relationship with other children in the first attachment video I gave you a study by verissimo this study found that the father has a role in the socialization of children this study indicated that a good early relationship with the father leads to more friends when the child gets to Nursery this means that the Verismo study can also be used in this section while discussing how infant attachment is influences childhood relationships understanding how vital an infants first attachment is for childhood and adult relationships has practical applications it can influence early years education with schools adapting their teaching to help children develop more effective internal working models this intervention could reduce bullying and childhood loneliness in school and help the children achieve relationship stability later in life we can even link this to the economy as adults with stable relationships will reduced costs due to divorce and family breakdown however we can criticize research on the link between early and later attachments for relying on correlational data it's not possible to establish a cause and effect relationship with correlational data variables such as poverty or inherited genetics may be responsible also this research tends to use self-report methods of data collection and current and infant relationship Styles may be reported inaccurately either due to flawed memory demand characteristics or possibly more likely considering the topic of personal relationships social desirability bias the participant want to give answers that make them look good there's also a very convincing alternative explanation of attachment that would explain the correlation between adult and infinite attachment Styles kagan's temperament hypothesis argues that babies are born with an inherited high or low reactive temperament high reactivity babies are often distressed and they grow into adults who are anxious and inhibited in contrast infants with low reactivity show little distress and grow into outgoing adults parents of high reactivity infants will likely struggle to raise them potentially showing little SS of responsiveness this biological explanation also shows that relationship Styles last a lifetime without needing the internal working model as an explanation most people like to believe they've got free will that they fully control their relationship choices and behavior the continuity hypothesis argues that relationships are deterministic affect ly say people's relationship styles are set as infants so they're doomed to repeat the same types of relationships repeatedly I want to thank everyone over on patreon for supporting the channel because of you I've been able to teach part-time meaning I can make Psy boost on YouTube for everyone and a special thank you to cat posnik and ammed Romani for supporting at the developer level I do have extra resources that are exclusive to my patrons so if you decide to sign up you can grab those over my website and these include over a 100 exam question tutorial videos of course including questions on the attachment unit I hope this was helpful and I'll see you in the next psych Boost video