Key Concepts in Chemistry

Pure Substance

• Definition: A solid, liquid, or gas containing only one type of particle.
• Characteristics: Has a definite composition.
• Examples: Salt, water.
• Types:
  • Element: Found on the periodic table.
  • Compound: Made up of elements.

Mechanical Mixture

• Definition: A mixture with non-uniform composition.

Solution

• Definition: A uniform mixture of two or more pure substances, also known as a homogeneous mixture.
• Characteristics: Components are not visibly separate.
• Prefix: "Homo" means "same".

Matter

• Definition: Anything that has mass and occupies space.
• Importance: All physical objects are composed of matter.

Chemistry

• Definition: The study of matter and its changes.

Mass

• Definition: The amount of matter in an object.

Volume

• Definition: The three-dimensional space occupied by an object or substance.

Solute and Solvent

• Solute: A substance dissolved in another substance (solvent) to form a solution.
• Solvent: The liquid in which a solute is dissolved to create a solution.

Saturation

• Saturated: A state where a system cannot absorb more of a substance.
• Unsaturated: A system that can still dissolve more of a substance.

Universal Solvent

• Definition: A substance capable of dissolving a wide range of substances or chemicals.

Separation Techniques

• Evaporation: The process of a liquid turning into gas, often due to heat.
• Sifting: Separation of solid particles based on size using a sieve.
• Filtration: Removing solid particles from a fluid using a filter medium.
• Distillation: Purifying liquids or separating components by vaporizing and condensing.
• Magnetism: Using magnetic properties to separate substances attracted to magnets from others.