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Essential Chemistry Concepts Explained

Apr 28, 2025

Key Concepts in Chemistry

Pure Substance

  • Definition: A solid, liquid, or gas containing only one type of particle.
  • Characteristics: Has a definite composition.
  • Examples: Salt, water.
  • Types:
    • Element: Found on the periodic table.
    • Compound: Made up of elements.

Mechanical Mixture

  • Definition: A mixture with non-uniform composition.

Solution

  • Definition: A uniform mixture of two or more pure substances, also known as a homogeneous mixture.
  • Characteristics: Components are not visibly separate.
  • Prefix: "Homo" means "same".

Matter

  • Definition: Anything that has mass and occupies space.
  • Importance: All physical objects are composed of matter.

Chemistry

  • Definition: The study of matter and its changes.

Mass

  • Definition: The amount of matter in an object.

Volume

  • Definition: The three-dimensional space occupied by an object or substance.

Solute and Solvent

  • Solute: A substance dissolved in another substance (solvent) to form a solution.
  • Solvent: The liquid in which a solute is dissolved to create a solution.

Saturation

  • Saturated: A state where a system cannot absorb more of a substance.
  • Unsaturated: A system that can still dissolve more of a substance.

Universal Solvent

  • Definition: A substance capable of dissolving a wide range of substances or chemicals.

Separation Techniques

  • Evaporation: The process of a liquid turning into gas, often due to heat.
  • Sifting: Separation of solid particles based on size using a sieve.
  • Filtration: Removing solid particles from a fluid using a filter medium.
  • Distillation: Purifying liquids or separating components by vaporizing and condensing.
  • Magnetism: Using magnetic properties to separate substances attracted to magnets from others.