Overview
This lecture explains Aristotle's three persuasive appeals—Ethos, Pathos, and Logos—and how to use them effectively in writing and speaking.
Aristotle’s Three Appeals
- Aristotle identified three appeals to persuade an audience: Ethos, Pathos, and Logos.
- Effective persuasion often combines all three appeals.
Ethos: Appeal to Credibility
- Ethos involves convincing your audience you are trustworthy and knowledgeable.
- You build ethos by sharing credentials, referencing experience, and using credible sources.
- Professional appearance and error-free, professional writing also boost ethos.
Pathos: Appeal to Emotion
- Pathos appeals to the emotions of the audience to engage them.
- It can be positive (joy, hope) or negative (fear, sadness) but should be used thoughtfully, especially in academic writing.
- Effective pathos uses vivid imagery and emotionally impactful language.
Logos: Appeal to Logic
- Logos appeals to logic and rationality by using facts, statistics, and sound reasoning.
- Building a logical argument makes your position seem rational and credible.
- It is your responsibility to prove conclusions using clear evidence and logical structure.
Combining Appeals
- The strongest arguments often blend ethos, pathos, and logos.
- A logical and credible argument will help align the audience with your viewpoint.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Ethos — persuading by establishing the credibility or authority of the speaker/writer.
- Pathos — persuading by appealing to the audience’s emotions.
- Logos — persuading by appealing to logic and rational reasoning.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Visit writingcenter.tamu.edu for more information on persuasive writing and speaking.