Stomata and Their Role in Gas Exchange

Introduction

• Stomata are crucial for regulating gas exchange in plants.
• Key gases involved are carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxygen (O2).

Stomata Structure

• Tiny openings mainly found on the underside of leaves.
• Controlled by specialized cells called guard cells.
  • Guard cells are shaped like crescent moons or sausages.
  • Each stomatal pore is managed by two guard cells.

Function of Stomata

• During Photosynthesis:
  • Stomata open to allow CO2 to enter the leaf.
  • CO2 is utilized to produce glucose through photosynthesis.
  • O2, a byproduct of photosynthesis, is released into the atmosphere.
• At Night:
  • Photosynthesis rate decreases due to lack of sunlight.
  • Reduced need for CO2 intake.
  • Stomata close to conserve water and reduce transpiration.

Importance of Water Conservation

• Closing stomata at night is vital for water conservation.
• Especially important in arid environments where water is scarce.

Additional Information

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