we have the feminine first uh not the Summoners the um seminal vesicle from the vesicles prostate and the Bobo and but also known as Calpers going and each one of these contributes to Creations okay so let's start with the Calpers first because that's the easy guy this guy secretes alkaline mucus and this is right before um these guys are found right before the penis so the um in terms of acidic as blue little acidic environments you include the male urethra because urine is usually a slightly acidic unique Raw and the vaginal tract learning how attractive acidic to protect against pathogens it's an open area and not only does it have mucous membrane to catch any pathogens that might try to get in to trap them it also has a lot of immune system cells and it has acidity lactobacilli there produce uh their fermenters and they produce acid as a byproduct and that acidity is necessary to keep it as um to keep the vaginal tract normal okay if the pH goes closer to neutral then you get yeast infections because the acidity helps keep ye yeast from getting a foothold in there and being able to flourish so it's a protective mechanism but sperm can't live in an acidic environment they have to be somewhere where it's more neutral and so we have to neutralize the male urethra as well as the vaginal tract for a brief period of time so this Farm can survive long enough to get in there and fertilize the egg so let's just take a look at a sperm this firm has the head which contains 23 chromosomes it has a little cap that it wears called the acrosome where there are enzymes to help it digest its way through the coverings of the egg there is a middle piece mid piece with lots of mitochondria because these guys have a lot of ways to go and they need a lot of energy and then they have the flagellum which is important for women okay so the acrosome is a little cap that sits on top of the head that contains the chromosomes the middle piece of mitochondria and then float down for swimming all right so what do these little buggers need to get where they're going well the seminal vesicles produce a lot of secretions they produce fructose and that is for energy remember fructose is fruit sugar quote foreign energy fructose is fruit sugar and these guys think of it as their energy bar they take their fructose Salon um this also has prostaglandins in it prostaglandins are important um to help the sperm navigate through the female reproductive system basically the prostaglandins help with contraction of smooth muscle and the uterus is the muscle or the uterus is smooth muscle so it will contract and help the sperm move up into the old into the fallopian tubes or the uterine tubes and get to the out near where the eggs are once they're released they're about Midway through the the uterine tubes and they have to be able to get there so prostaglandins cause a uterus to contract and that is going to help them get closer to where the eggs are right and they also have something called seminodesialing which is exactly what it sounds like this causes the semen plot or coagulate and this happens about five minutes after ejaculation okay so fructose for energy prostaglandins to help get through the female reproductive tract and seminogellin to cause the semen to coagulate well what the heck is that for that's one of the things that helps the sperm invade the females immune system by coagulation they're kind of hiding in a little Clump like they're hiding in the bushes okay um and the female reproductive system I mean the female immune system the cells don't see them okay so this allows them to hide out for a little while so we have seminogelling it causes semen to coagulate about five minutes after ejaculation next we move to the prostate and in the prostate we have digestive enzymes that are going to help to digest the the coagulated semen and release the sperm that happens about 10 minutes after ejaculation 10 15 minutes afterwards so these guys are hiding out and then the digestive enzymes break them out of their over the cloth the digestive enzymes include some we're familiar with how about pepsinogen that's going to break down protein and there's other proteases and proteases break down protein amylase mince down starch okay and something you may be familiar with you may have heard of PSA that's also an enzyme that stands for prostate specific Antigone and prostate specific antigen has a couple different functions its main function is as a digestive enzyme to help to dissolve that clot um but the bigger your prostate are the bigger your prostate is the more PSA you produce and so taking blood levels of PSA can give an early detection for the possibility of prostate cancer you can also indicate prostatic hyperplasia too which is common in older men um so then that if you have a high PSA level then you would want to do make sure you did the digital exam to feel for the the surface of the prostate to make sure it's smooth and it wasn't enlarged if it is then you may want to take a biopsy and the petition and see if it's just enlarged or if there's actually cancer there um so there's a lot of things you can do but PSA is like an early test just to look for enlargement of prostate there's also lysozyme which is an antibacterial enzyme now the prostate adds two food sources one is citric acid and the other is acid phosphatase okay citric acid remember that the Krebs cycle is also called the citric acid cycle so citric acid can go into the mitochondria and go through the citric acid Cyclone be used to make ATP all right but these two guys make the prostatic secretions slightly acidic whereas up here the seminal vesicles no secretions are going to be alkaline and then the bulb that urethral glands also alkaline the alkaline there and the mucus helps to coat the inside of the male urethra all right so overall semen will be alkaline but um to the energy sources from the prostate are going to be um slightly acidic okay so make sure you know the things that are secreted by each of these that help to make up semen and what their jobs are also the parts of a sperm cell and um the other things that I covered here on the Whiteboard so I will hesitate yet another moment in case anyone wants to take a picture of this and then we will move to the PowerPoint