Ultrasound: What It Is, Purpose, Procedure & Results

Overview of Ultrasound

• Definition: Ultrasound, also known as sonography or ultrasonography, is a noninvasive imaging test that uses high-frequency sound waves to create images of internal organs and tissues.
• Image Output: The images produced are called sonograms.
• Radiation-Free: Unlike X-rays, ultrasounds do not use radiation.
• Common Uses: While often associated with pregnancy, ultrasounds are used for various medical evaluations across different body parts.

How Ultrasound Works

• Procedure:
  • A transducer/probe is passed over the body or inserted into a body opening.
  • A gel is applied to enhance transmission of sound waves.
  • The transducer converts electrical currents into sound waves which travel through the body.
  • Sound waves bounce back to the transducer, converting them into electrical signals to create images.

Types of Ultrasound Imaging

1. Pregnancy Ultrasound

• Purpose: To monitor fetal development and maternal health.
• Uses:
  • Confirm pregnancy and number of fetuses.
  • Determine gestational age and fetal growth/position.
  • Monitor fetal heart rate and movement.
  • Detect congenital conditions.
  • Measure amniotic fluid.
• Routine Practice: Most providers recommend an ultrasound at 20 weeks to assess development.

2. Diagnostic Ultrasound

• Purpose: Diagnose issues with internal organs and structures.
• Applications:
  • Abdominal, kidney, breast, pelvic, thyroid, transvaginal, and transrectal ultrasounds.
  • Doppler ultrasound for evaluating blood flow.

3. Ultrasound Guidance for Procedures

• Purpose: To guide needle placement for sampling tissues or fluids.
• Common Uses: Sampling from tendons, joints, muscles, cysts, organs, and transplant organs.
• Other Procedures: Embryo transfer, nerve blocks, IUD placement confirmation.

3D vs 4D Ultrasounds

• 2D Ultrasound: Standard imaging for fetal organs and structure.
• 3D Ultrasound: Allows visualization of facial features and body parts.
• 4D Ultrasound: 3D ultrasound in motion.
• FDA Advisory: Caution against non-medical use to avoid unnecessary exposure.

Who Performs Ultrasounds?

• Professionals: Conducted by doctors or trained technicians known as sonographers.
• Importance: Must be performed in a medical setting for safety and accuracy.