Understanding the Periodontal Ligament Structure

hello everyone so today again here we are we are to discuss another important topic a little neat exams there it is known as the periodontal ligament so as the name suggests ligaments are made up of fibers so we'll go through all the fibers that are present in the periodontal ligament and how these help the tooth structure beginning it is the most important element of the parent element also known as the principal fibers principal fibers forms the most important part of the periodontal ligament and they are composed of type 1 collagen so basically principal fibers radicular fibers and B is aluminum the main composition for the principal fibers is type 1 collateral for reticular fibers it is type 3 and for basal lamina it is type 4 these forms the basic component of a periodontal ligament so whenever you begin studying this these are the important points to be considered will discuss fibers in details beginning with the principal fibers second is the elastic fibers first we'll go in detail with the principal fibers principal fibers as the name suggests include all the components that are acting in the tooth structure which are further divided into principal fibers of six types there are basically six types of principal fibers are naming them in the order the first one is the albula crest fibers second is the oblique fibers third is the horizontal fibers fourth apical fibers fifth transept L fibers and the sixth one is the inter articular fibers we'll going will be going in detail with each fiber beginning with the first one that is the albula crest fibers as the name suggests these fibers runs from cementum in apical direction this is very important the direction of the fibers play a very important role in their mechanism so these fibers runs from cement a million apical direction to the albula crest their main functions so this is the function this is the function that is they prevent the extrusion of the tooth alveolar crest fibers have an important role in preventing the extrusion of the tooth and they resist lateral movements so these are the two functions of albula crest fibers second fiber is and very important key note to be included in the angular crest fibers is that if you cut or in size these fibers they does not increase the mobility of the tooth second is the oblique fibers these fibers run from alveolar bone in coronal direction I will be explaining through the diagram later these are present in the maximum number so these fibers are a maximum number and these fibers are most important of the periodontal ligament fibers because they bear maximum masticatory forces then third one is the horizontal fibers as the name suggests they run horizontally and they are at 90 degree from the cementum to the alveolar bone now we will see a schematic diagram for each fibers just assume this as a tooth structure and this are the area which I am just showing this part these is first one is the a block crest fibers which runs in in a Pikul direction that is this way this is the first fiber second one is the oblique fibers that runs in coronal direction present in maximum number and third is the horizontal fibers which runs horizontally at 90 degrees so this is the second fibers and this is the third fibers then comes the fourth fiber which is known as the apical fibers now as the name suggests they are arising from the root end so they are absent in in completely formed roots root end is their location they arise from root end and are absent in in completely formed roots the main function is to resist the rotation of the teeth they also prevent extrusion and lateral movements so these are the two functions for the apical fibers then comes the transept l fibers they are also known as the interdental ligaments these fibers run from cementum of one tooth to cementum of edges in tooth that is they run interproximally so they are also known as the interdental ligaments also known as the transept l fibers so these are interdental ligament now the function is they have the capacity to regenerate once it is incised during surgical procedure so they are having no bone attachment they don't have any bone attachment they have capacity to regenerate so these are very important fibers then comes the intermolecular fibers as the name suggests they are from the cementum to the tooth in the furqan region so these are pres these are present in the furqan region in the multi rooted tooth when we are done with principal fibers the other group of fibers we have are known as the elastic fibers they are the other groups they are also known as the non collagen collagenous type and immature group of fibers basically there are three types of immature group of fibers known as the opposite Elaine the aluminum and the elastin out of which the one which is very important is the oxy tail and fibers oxygen fibers runs parallel to the root surface this is very important so if this is the route they run parallel to it and are attached to the blood vessels and does they regulate the vascular flu so oxygen plays a very important part oxygen fibers regulate the vascular flow the turn over rate is twice that of gingiva and then now supply is by the myelinated nerve fibers which lose their Mailand once the neural transmission has occurred so when we are talking about the nerve supply for the fibers they are basically four types of nerve endings which we have to consider considering the nerve supply for the fibers the nerve endings are divided further ly into four parts basically the NAM endings when we study they are first one free now ending second is Ruffini nerve ending third one we have Messner's core person and fourth one is spindle like pressure fibers or index so each now ending has its own function and so we will discuss the free now ending first this is the most to discuss to now ending whenever you are talking about ping because this free now ending deals with pain sensation it detects pain sensation and present it is present all over the root so the function and the location for the free nerve endings are here then comes the Ruffini no endings which deals with temperature it is found at the apical area then comes the messner corpuscles which detects the touch sensation and this is found at the mid root area so it begins with the touch sensation present in the middle area the last one is the spindle light pressure and vibration endings so the now the name itself has a hint to its mechanism spindle light pressure and vibration ending detects the pressure and it is found again at the apical area so to know endings are there which are founded the apical area that is the Ruffini no windings and the spindle like pressure and vibration endings these are some of the maritals extra cover the points which one must keep in mind for a new questions that may come in the NEET exams so this is the summary of basically the periodontal characteristics basically in children this is very important children have some different distinguished characters from the adults which one must keep in mind so when we are discussing the period on show period on chimp includes three parts first is gingiva second is the PDL and the third are the ball and surrounding structures we'll take one at a time beginning with the gingiva gingiva in children is less stupid so stippling is less second it is more vascular that is rather than address due to increased risk vascularity third interdental coal formation and saddle areas are seen it is more thinner less melanin pigmentation is seen in the children gingiva the attached gingiva is narrower in the primary dentition and narrower in the mandible this is very important the attached gingiva especially in children is narrower in the primary dentition and it is narrower in the mandible and the interdental papilla is shorter and rounder in children considering the periodontal ligament and the bone in the children there are six points which are very very important the first one it's wider periodontal membrane space second is they are sewer and lesser dental for repair of the fiber so in children we have fewer and less dense periodontal fibres compared to the adults then they are less dense and differentiated collagen fibers again in children we have less density and they are less differentiated compared to the adults due to the increased vascular supply there more reading in color and their lymphatic supplies also dense and increased they have thinner lamina or dura they have flattered albula crests compared to the adults they have flat irregular crests and they are fewer tubercle present in the children the another important point which one has to keep in mind is the significance of the transept principal fibers this is a principal fiber we discussed earlier they have the important property of regenerating that is they are also considered both gingival and the periodontal ligament fibers tran septal fibers are considered gingival as well as periodontal ligament fibers and the remarkably constant finding that they are reconstructed even after the destruction of Steel are global so they form a dense covering even after the bone is removed after the removal of the granulation tissue during the pocket eradication procedures the transept fibers has an exceptional property of regenerating the key points regarding the narrow and width of the parent element are seen in such clinical conditions first we'll discuss about the narrow periodontal ligament when is it seen so the first case when it is seen are the mesial surface of the teeth due to physiologic Meisel migration in case of physiologic means in migration the narrow may a parent element is created at the mesial surface of the teeth similarly at the fulcrum of rotation of the tooth teeth that are in hypofunction on which the forces are very less such teeth conditions in the like unilateral shoeing open bite and whose antagonists has been lost leads to narrow periodontal ligament similarly the second condition that is the wide parent and ligament not seen in three major cases when the forces are high the pentacle ligament width is increased in trauma from occlusion in case of scleroderma and osteosarcoma so many times MC cues are asked based on this point this has to be remembered the other key points which one should remember are the epithelial rests of molasses this is very important issue which one has to consider because many times many MC cues are being made on this tissue these are the derivatives of the how to be epic reroute sheath which may become semantical or participate in the formation of Perea pike assists and lateral root cysts so this is very important point second point is the blood supply where does feed onto ligament derive its blood supply from so it derives its blood supply from the apical vessels before entering the pulp this one has to remember that it derives its apical vessels before entering the pulp anastomosing vessels of the gingiva and trans and willow branches of the intra septal vessels so they there these are the three points from where the paid on the ligament fibers derive its blood supply so these is done then comes paid onto ligament has high turn over rate of collateral so the rapid turnover rate of cells which occurs more towards the size of bone so a parent a ligament is narrowest at the axis of rotation when we consider axis of rotation these are the locate number of roots and their location of axis of rotation as we have already seen that paid on tele garments are narrowest in the axis of rotation region so for single rooted tooth the location for axis of rotation is the junction between the middle and the apical third of the root this is the area where the parent element will be narrowest and in case of multi rooted tooth it is between the roots so inter idler region where the axis of rotation is present and the parent ligament will be now used considering the indifferent fiber plexus these are the plexus which are made up of small collagen fibers and which are associated with large principal collagen fibers running in all directions trauma plexus now we are discussing the frequently asked questions related to the topic of periodontal ligament again this topic is very facts based so if you know the function mechanism of each principle fibers you will score in the exams so one of the question is which of the following fibers restrict the extrusion this is the function and this is the direct question so out of these the answer will be the first one because it is the function of the annular crest fibers to restrict the extrusion of the tooth similarly all each and every fiber has its function if you know the function of each and every fibers all the questions will be solved [Music] [Applause] [Music]

hello everyone so today again here we are we are to discuss another important topic a little neat exams there it is known as the periodontal ligament so as the name suggests ligaments are made up of fibers so we&#39;ll go through all the fibers that are present in the periodontal ligament and how these help the tooth structure beginning it is the most important element of the parent element also known as the principal fibers principal fibers forms the most important part of the periodontal ligament and they are composed of type 1 collagen so basically principal fibers radicular fibers and B is aluminum the main composition for the principal fibers is type 1 collateral for reticular fibers it is type 3 and for basal lamina it is type 4 these forms the basic component of a periodontal ligament so whenever you begin studying this these are the important points to be considered will discuss fibers in details beginning with the principal fibers second is the elastic fibers first we&#39;ll go in detail with the principal fibers principal fibers as the name suggests include all the components that are acting in the tooth structure which are further divided into principal fibers of six types there are basically six types of principal fibers are naming them in the order the first one is the albula crest fibers second is the oblique fibers third is the horizontal fibers fourth apical fibers fifth transept L fibers and the sixth one is the inter articular fibers we&#39;ll going will be going in detail with each fiber beginning with the first one that is the albula crest fibers as the name suggests these fibers runs from cementum in apical direction this is very important the direction of the fibers play a very important role in their mechanism so these fibers runs from cement a million apical direction to the albula crest their main functions so this is the function this is the function that is they prevent the extrusion of the tooth alveolar crest fibers have an important role in preventing the extrusion of the tooth and they resist lateral movements so these are the two functions of albula crest fibers second fiber is and very important key note to be included in the angular crest fibers is that if you cut or in size these fibers they does not increase the mobility of the tooth second is the oblique fibers these fibers run from alveolar bone in coronal direction I will be explaining through the diagram later these are present in the maximum number so these fibers are a maximum number and these fibers are most important of the periodontal ligament fibers because they bear maximum masticatory forces then third one is the horizontal fibers as the name suggests they run horizontally and they are at 90 degree from the cementum to the alveolar bone now we will see a schematic diagram for each fibers just assume this as a tooth structure and this are the area which I am just showing this part these is first one is the a block crest fibers which runs in in a Pikul direction that is this way this is the first fiber second one is the oblique fibers that runs in coronal direction present in maximum number and third is the horizontal fibers which runs horizontally at 90 degrees so this is the second fibers and this is the third fibers then comes the fourth fiber which is known as the apical fibers now as the name suggests they are arising from the root end so they are absent in in completely formed roots root end is their location they arise from root end and are absent in in completely formed roots the main function is to resist the rotation of the teeth they also prevent extrusion and lateral movements so these are the two functions for the apical fibers then comes the transept l fibers they are also known as the interdental ligaments these fibers run from cementum of one tooth to cementum of edges in tooth that is they run interproximally so they are also known as the interdental ligaments also known as the transept l fibers so these are interdental ligament now the function is they have the capacity to regenerate once it is incised during surgical procedure so they are having no bone attachment they don&#39;t have any bone attachment they have capacity to regenerate so these are very important fibers then comes the intermolecular fibers as the name suggests they are from the cementum to the tooth in the furqan region so these are pres these are present in the furqan region in the multi rooted tooth when we are done with principal fibers the other group of fibers we have are known as the elastic fibers they are the other groups they are also known as the non collagen collagenous type and immature group of fibers basically there are three types of immature group of fibers known as the opposite Elaine the aluminum and the elastin out of which the one which is very important is the oxy tail and fibers oxygen fibers runs parallel to the root surface this is very important so if this is the route they run parallel to it and are attached to the blood vessels and does they regulate the vascular flu so oxygen plays a very important part oxygen fibers regulate the vascular flow the turn over rate is twice that of gingiva and then now supply is by the myelinated nerve fibers which lose their Mailand once the neural transmission has occurred so when we are talking about the nerve supply for the fibers they are basically four types of nerve endings which we have to consider considering the nerve supply for the fibers the nerve endings are divided further ly into four parts basically the NAM endings when we study they are first one free now ending second is Ruffini nerve ending third one we have Messner&#39;s core person and fourth one is spindle like pressure fibers or index so each now ending has its own function and so we will discuss the free now ending first this is the most to discuss to now ending whenever you are talking about ping because this free now ending deals with pain sensation it detects pain sensation and present it is present all over the root so the function and the location for the free nerve endings are here then comes the Ruffini no endings which deals with temperature it is found at the apical area then comes the messner corpuscles which detects the touch sensation and this is found at the mid root area so it begins with the touch sensation present in the middle area the last one is the spindle light pressure and vibration endings so the now the name itself has a hint to its mechanism spindle light pressure and vibration ending detects the pressure and it is found again at the apical area so to know endings are there which are founded the apical area that is the Ruffini no windings and the spindle like pressure and vibration endings these are some of the maritals extra cover the points which one must keep in mind for a new questions that may come in the NEET exams so this is the summary of basically the periodontal characteristics basically in children this is very important children have some different distinguished characters from the adults which one must keep in mind so when we are discussing the period on show period on chimp includes three parts first is gingiva second is the PDL and the third are the ball and surrounding structures we&#39;ll take one at a time beginning with the gingiva gingiva in children is less stupid so stippling is less second it is more vascular that is rather than address due to increased risk vascularity third interdental coal formation and saddle areas are seen it is more thinner less melanin pigmentation is seen in the children gingiva the attached gingiva is narrower in the primary dentition and narrower in the mandible this is very important the attached gingiva especially in children is narrower in the primary dentition and it is narrower in the mandible and the interdental papilla is shorter and rounder in children considering the periodontal ligament and the bone in the children there are six points which are very very important the first one it&#39;s wider periodontal membrane space second is they are sewer and lesser dental for repair of the fiber so in children we have fewer and less dense periodontal fibres compared to the adults then they are less dense and differentiated collagen fibers again in children we have less density and they are less differentiated compared to the adults due to the increased vascular supply there more reading in color and their lymphatic supplies also dense and increased they have thinner lamina or dura they have flattered albula crests compared to the adults they have flat irregular crests and they are fewer tubercle present in the children the another important point which one has to keep in mind is the significance of the transept principal fibers this is a principal fiber we discussed earlier they have the important property of regenerating that is they are also considered both gingival and the periodontal ligament fibers tran septal fibers are considered gingival as well as periodontal ligament fibers and the remarkably constant finding that they are reconstructed even after the destruction of Steel are global so they form a dense covering even after the bone is removed after the removal of the granulation tissue during the pocket eradication procedures the transept fibers has an exceptional property of regenerating the key points regarding the narrow and width of the parent element are seen in such clinical conditions first we&#39;ll discuss about the narrow periodontal ligament when is it seen so the first case when it is seen are the mesial surface of the teeth due to physiologic Meisel migration in case of physiologic means in migration the narrow may a parent element is created at the mesial surface of the teeth similarly at the fulcrum of rotation of the tooth teeth that are in hypofunction on which the forces are very less such teeth conditions in the like unilateral shoeing open bite and whose antagonists has been lost leads to narrow periodontal ligament similarly the second condition that is the wide parent and ligament not seen in three major cases when the forces are high the pentacle ligament width is increased in trauma from occlusion in case of scleroderma and osteosarcoma so many times MC cues are asked based on this point this has to be remembered the other key points which one should remember are the epithelial rests of molasses this is very important issue which one has to consider because many times many MC cues are being made on this tissue these are the derivatives of the how to be epic reroute sheath which may become semantical or participate in the formation of Perea pike assists and lateral root cysts so this is very important point second point is the blood supply where does feed onto ligament derive its blood supply from so it derives its blood supply from the apical vessels before entering the pulp this one has to remember that it derives its apical vessels before entering the pulp anastomosing vessels of the gingiva and trans and willow branches of the intra septal vessels so they there these are the three points from where the paid on the ligament fibers derive its blood supply so these is done then comes paid onto ligament has high turn over rate of collateral so the rapid turnover rate of cells which occurs more towards the size of bone so a parent a ligament is narrowest at the axis of rotation when we consider axis of rotation these are the locate number of roots and their location of axis of rotation as we have already seen that paid on tele garments are narrowest in the axis of rotation region so for single rooted tooth the location for axis of rotation is the junction between the middle and the apical third of the root this is the area where the parent element will be narrowest and in case of multi rooted tooth it is between the roots so inter idler region where the axis of rotation is present and the parent ligament will be now used considering the indifferent fiber plexus these are the plexus which are made up of small collagen fibers and which are associated with large principal collagen fibers running in all directions trauma plexus now we are discussing the frequently asked questions related to the topic of periodontal ligament again this topic is very facts based so if you know the function mechanism of each principle fibers you will score in the exams so one of the question is which of the following fibers restrict the extrusion this is the function and this is the direct question so out of these the answer will be the first one because it is the function of the annular crest fibers to restrict the extrusion of the tooth similarly all each and every fiber has its function if you know the function of each and every fibers all the questions will be solved [Music] [Applause] [Music]

Transcript for:Understanding the Periodontal Ligament Structure

Transcript for:
Understanding the Periodontal Ligament Structure