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Firm and Environment Overview

Sep 3, 2025

Overview

This lecture introduces the concept of the firm and its relationship with its environment, a key topic in business administration.

Introduction to the Firm

  • A firm is an organization that produces goods or services for profit.
  • Firms are essential actors in the economy, converting inputs into outputs.
  • The main objectives of a firm usually include profit maximization, growth, and sustainability.

The Firm's Environment

  • The environment of a firm includes all external and internal factors affecting its operations.
  • External environment consists of factors outside the firm, such as economic, social, political, and technological influences.
  • Internal environment refers to factors within the firm, like employees, management, and company culture.

Interaction with the Environment

  • A firm must adapt to changes in its external environment to stay competitive.
  • Strategic decision-making depends on understanding both internal strengths and external threats.

Key Terms & Definitions

  • Firm — An organization producing goods or services for profit.
  • External Environment — Factors outside the firm influencing its performance (e.g., economy, laws, technology).
  • Internal Environment — Elements within the firm that affect operations (e.g., staff, structure).

Action Items / Next Steps

  • Review the definitions and concepts of firm and its environments.
  • Be prepared to discuss examples of how firms adapt to environmental changes.